Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 17995 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
cover
Siti Kiptiyah
"Tesis ini meneliti mengenai kebudayaan pesantren, manajemen dan perilaku santri yang berkenaan dengan kesehatan dalam konteks penciptaan dan pemeliharaan kondisi lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat di pesantren. Status kesehatan seseorang dipengaruhi oleh faktor keturunan, kualitas dan kuantitas sarana pelayanan kesehatan, perilaku hidup sehat seseorang atau masyarakat dan keadaan lingkungan hidupnya. Hal ini sebagaimana dikatakan Foster (1986) bahwa di samping faktor biologis, faktor-faktor sosial-psikologi dan faktor budaya sering memainkan peran dalam.mencetuskan penyakit Namun begitu lingkungan bukan satu-satunya faktor yang mempengaruhi kesehatan, tetapi memiliki arti penting karena sampai batas tertentu dapat dikendalikan terutama yang diakibatkan perilaku atau perbuatan manusia. Adapun kebijakan sosial dan ekonomi untuk mendapatkan makanan yang cukup, air yang sehat, atau yang membuat orang lalai bahwa peralatan-peralatan sanitasi yang tak sempurna, tradisi kebudayaan, lembaga ekonomi, sanitasi dan kebijakan lain yang mempengaruhi munculnya penyakit semuanya turut mempengaruhi kesehatan.
Pesantren sebagai salah satu elemen pendidikan juga menempatkan masalah tersebut dalam kurikulumnya, menyangkut di dalamnya kitab-kitab yang menjadi rujukan dan dipelajari serta dipergunakan di pesantren. Pesantren yang notabene merupakan lembaga pendidikan Islam tentu saja dalam praktek kesehariannya berdasarkan ajaran Islam pula. Secara universal Islampun juga mengangkat isu mengenai masalah kesehatan maupun kebersihan dan bahkan anjuran memakan makanan- minuman yang thoyyib yaitu makanan atau minuman yang bagus kualitas gizinya maupun halal cara memperolehnya. Dalam hal ini pula ada makanan yang secara tegas dilarang untuk dikonsumsi. Dalam Hadits (sumber hukum kedua setelah Alquran) dengan jelas juga dikatakan bahwa kebersihan merupakan sebagian dari iman, mukmin yang kuat lebih baik dan lebih disukai Allah daripada mukmin yang lemah dan juga menganjurkan untuk menjaga kebersihan dengan segala usaha yang dapat dilakukan.
Pesantren memang merupakan suatu komunitas tersendiri dimana semua rambu-rambu yang mengatur kegiatan dan batas-batas perbuatan, misalnya halal-haram, wajib-sunah, baik-buruk dan sebagainya dipulangkan kepada hukum agama, dan semua kegiatan dipandang dan dilaksanakan sebagai bagian dan ibadah keagamaan dengan kata lain semua kegiatan kehidupan selalu dipandang dalam struktur relevansinya dengan hukum agama. Salah satunya dalam hal kebersihan atau kesehatan. Banyak hal-hal yang dianggap bersih dan suci oleh pesantren, karena dibolehkan oleh hukum agama tetapi tidak bersih atau tidak sehat menurut konsepsi ilmu kesehatan. Sehingga cara pandang ini tentu sangat membedakan antara komunitas pesantren dengan masyarakat "diluar" pesantren.
Masyarakat pada umumnya memberikan batasan tentang kesehatan adalah batasan yang diangkat dari batasan kesehatan menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) sebagaimana termaktub dalam Undang-undang Kesehatan No.23 Tahun 1992, yaitu keadaan sejahtera badan, jiwa, dan sosial yang memungkinkan setiap orang hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomi. Sehingga secara normatif dan sistematik meskipun pesantren telah memiliki kurikulum dan pengajaran sebagaimana tersebut diatas, namun pada kenyataannya masalah-masalah kesehatan terutama hubungan mata rantai yang telah menyebabkan munculnya penyakit dapat terjadi. Hal ini disebabkan adanya pemahaman yang berbeda antara pesantren dengan masyarakat "diluar" pesantren terutama yang berkaitan dengan masalah-masalah kesehatan. Masyarakat pesantren selalu mengembalikan pemahaman mereka kepada kaidah hukum Fiqh, sehingga mereka memiliki persepsi sendiri mengenai kebersihan lingkungannya terutama untuk sebagai sarana ibadah semata-mata kepada Allah SWT sehingga yang terpenting menurut pesantren adalah kesucian sarana tersebut, yaitu terbebas dari najis sehingga tidak menghalangi sahnya suatu ibadah. Hukum fiqh begitu menempati kedudukan yang dominan pada tata nilai dalam kehidupan di lingkungan pesantren. Sedangkan pengajaran mengenai fiqh ini sebagaian besar diperoleh pada kitab-kitab kuning. Kitab kuning merupakan kitab-kitab pengajaran Islam klasik, yang berbahasa Arab dan ditulis oleh para ulama abad pertengahan (7-13 Hijriah).Hal ini tentu turut menjadi pemicu terjadinya perbedaan pemahaman tentang kondisi pemeliharaan kebersihan dan kesehatan di pesantren dengan pemahaman masyarakat "diluar" pesantren. Demikian pula dengan kebudayaan pesantren dalam konteks ini yang merupakan keseluruhan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh komunitas pesantren dimana di dalamnya berisi perangkat-perangkat, model-model pengetahuan yang terwujud dalam perilaku, tindakan, nilai-nilai yang digunakan untuk memahami dan menginterpretasikan mengenai kesehatan lingkungan dan masalah-masalah kesehatan yang ditimbulkannya serta pengelolaan kebijakan-kebijakan pesantren yang terkait secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan kondisi kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan.
Disamping itu, terjadi kontradiksi (penafsiran/ pemahaman yang bertolak belakang) perilaku sehari-hari di pesantren dengan cara pandang masyarakat "diluar' pesantren mengenai kesehatan lingkungan hidup sehari-hari juga didukung oleh kurang memadainya fasilitas-fasilitas bangunan maupun tempat tinggal santri sehingga kurang mendukung terbentuknya kondisi lingkungan yang kondusif dan sehat serta nyaman untuk belajar. Kondisi ruangan, kamar mandi dan sarana sanitasi lainnya termasuk pengelolaan sampah dan sebagainya. Kondisi ini sangat mempengaruhi perilaku keseharian mereka terutama dalam upaya pemeliharaan sanitasi dan kesehatan lingkungan yang optimal."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2005
T13779
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Johanna Debora Imelda
"Despite the growing number of new cases of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia, the progress ofprevention programs has been slow. Low prevalence is always stated as a reason for delayingHIV prevention programs and to justify slow progress in implementation. Prevention programsare moreover based on a high-risk group paradigm. They focus on female sex workers asresponsible for the spread of HIV, leading to its stigmatization as a hooker?s disease. This articledescribes how seropositive mothers interpret and respond to HIV and AIDS as women, in lightof the fact that most of them have not experienced full-blown AIDS. Some women had alreadyexperienced severe illnesses caused by HIV but defined their ill health by the symptoms theyexperienced, revealing that they did not really feel as if they were living with HIV and AIDS.Despite the fact that some members had died due to AIDS, many still could not believe thatthey were suffering from HIV and AIDS or that their illnesses were caused by it; rather, theirsymptoms were of other diseases such as diarrhoea, tuberculosis, or hepatitis. And thoughthey realized that their past (or present) behaviours put them at risk, they maintained thatthey were victims who had contracted the disease from their promiscuous or drug-injectinghusbands. Even when they did admit that their own behaviour had something to do with it,they did not consider HIV and AIDS as a disease but a curse from God, a punishment fortheir immoral behaviour.
Keywords: Women, Infectious Disease, Interpretation, HIV and AIDS, Support Group,Indonesia"
Depok: Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, 2014
AJ-Pdf
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
"A medical system whether traditional or modern, is a long chain of processes of humanstrategy for adapting to their ecological bio-cultural environment. Naturally humans developtheir biological ability to sustain their kind and develop many adaptation strategies, creatingmedical systems, behavior, and belief sbased on culture as a natural response to the treat ofillness and disease, even though the result of certain behavior does not guarantee the healingof such illness and disease (Dunn in Foster-Anderson, 1986; p.41). under that circumstances,Minangkabau medical systems are seen as a result of a bio-eco-culturally adapting process.Local Etiology of the disease source is closely related to the logic of its healing. Cosmologicalviews influence public knowledge about the concepts of health, illness, disease, and healingmethods. The definition of health and illness is determined by culture, custom, or traditionand it is not always in agreement with the conditions defined by medical science."
[Place of publication not identified]: [Publisher not identified], 2014
PDF
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Sulaiman Mamar
"This article analyzes the positive thinking culture of each ethnic group in Poso, CentralSulawesi. This article also examines the factors that cause degradation of ethnic culture ofpositive thinking so as to serve as guidelines for public behavior. The study was conductedby observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of qualitative data. The research foundthe degradation of cultural values with several contributing factors. Finally, the model canbe described cultural transformation of positive thinking is right to apply to the youngergeneration. The transformational models of positive thinking culture are: parents need tocomprehend positive thinking culture and teach it to their children; the need to teach morals,positive thinking culture and the regional language in schools; an emphasis of parents andleaders as role-leader for the younger generation; the empowerment of traditional leadersin socializing positive thinking culture; the need for emerge individual to direct their thoughtand actions to positive matter."
2014
PDF
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Andi Sumar Karman
"This aritcle discusses about the phenomenon of globalization involving two fishermencommunities, the Tomalou fishermen in Tidore islands and the Philipines fishermen. Bothof them sail and hunt in the same seawater zone, constructed and formed as a transborderterritory between Indonesia and the Philipines. The natural resources management systemthrough decentralization should ensure the exsistence of local fishermen (Tomalou) to gainmarine (fish) resources, secured by government without interference by the Philipine fishermen.The data in this paper has been analyzed with several transborder theories. As a result, thispaper shows that the state representated by the regional government has failed to protect thelocal fishermen (Tomalou) and ensure in continued presence in achiving welfare from the searesources."
2014
PDF
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Nurlin
"This article describes the relationship between power, history and identity in the processof division North Buton of Muna. In this article the presence of North Buton identity is seen asa phenomenon that refers to the identity of reproduction historical narrative where Kulisusuin historical context has a power relationship with the kingdom of Buton which lasted fromthe 17th century. This study found; that the presence of North Buton identity is a product ofdiscourse that legitimized by indigenous groups who identify themselves as descendants ofthe founder of the kingdom Kulisusu. it means that the identity of North Buton formed dueto higher power structures Barata Kulisusu surviving in culture Kulisusu People. This studyalso found that reproductive identity North Buton a political attempt to discover the identityof distinguishing between Kulisusu and People Muna (identity as a weapon of resistance).This distinctive identity in turn managed to attract popular support for the masses who feelconnected to that identity."
Depok: Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, 2014
AJ-Pdf
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Manan Abdul
"The khanduri of the tree blossom is performed in Jumadil Akhir (the sixth Islamic lunar month). The khanduri is held for fruit-bearing trees. It aim is tu ensure that the trees will bear fruit andtheir blossoms will not fade and fall onto the round prematurely, thatthey will not be attackedby pests so that they will contribute to the livelihood of human beings. This research is a fieldresearch and its data were obtained through meticulous observation and in depth interview withkey informants. The result of the research shows that it is the winds that cause the trees to blossom. The village people performed this ritual in order that the condition of fertility of fruit-bearing trees is safeguarded but the fertility is dependent upon much more important factorrs than just the willingess of the individual family to perform the ritual. The fertility of the tree is dependent upon collective village performance, dependent upon respecting jinn, dependent upon just leadership and dependent upon adat, particularly regarding probihition adn incest which are regarded as a major infringement on community life."
2013
PDF
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Hargyono Sindhunata
"In early 2012, a civil-initiated movement called #IndonesiaTanpaFPI urged the government todisband an Islamic fundamentalist group called FPI (Front Pembela Islam) because of the violence to an Islamic minority group that FPI had commited earlier. #IndonesiaTanpaFPI heavily relied upon Twitter in organizing their movement, so when a counter-movement from the pro-FPI emerged, it was on Twitter as well; the counter-movement called themselves #IndonesiaTanpaJIL. This counter-movement believes that #IndonesiaTanpaFPI was actually initiated and organized by Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL). Since then, #IndonesiaTanpaJIL and JIL have been fighting discursively on Twitter. This article concentrates on the formation of two religious publics constituted solely by their discourses articulated, particularly the topic related to suppressed of Islamic minority groups; namely: Ahmadiyah, Syiah, and Rohingya. Through tweets interpretation by seeking incision between intention of the text and model reader (that is constructed both by online and offline interaction), the writer has identified various discourse nexuses between ITJ and JIL. Both of the religious publics articulate interesting or controversial discourses on Twitter just to grasp the audience?s attention, because in the context of ideological war the number of supporters is the only important thing to bring their discourses to hegemonic domain. Furthermore, this article shows how the logic of modernity with its obsession to ideal order is a factor that can explain the culture of exclusivity inside a social arena that was designed for inclusivity."
2013
PDF
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Arifin Zainal
"Minangkabau ethnic group known is very strictly implement custom of matrilineal. One of these values is male position (sumando) that marginal, because according to matrilineal custom, a man is urang asing (outsiders) in the group of women (wife families). This is expressed through the proverb bak abu diateh tunggua (like ashes on the stump). This position of course is not profitable, so that they have to negotiate with the women to strengthen ?the identity of maleness" of them. It shows the politics movement of Minangkaba?s men in an effort to show and strengthen their identity. This political identity of Minangkabau?s man will be understood identity politics Minangkabau men will be understood in the case of the existence of traditional institutions. The research assumption, in Minangkabau society that embraces and strengthens matrilineal custom (women custom) was found that traditional institutions more dominated by men. While traditional institutions for women does not stand out, impress hidden, and there is no variation than bundo kanduang (the main women). This article to described how men of Minangkabau through traditional institutions reinforce the position, while the bundo Kanduang?s position only limited powers in rumah gadang alone. Moreover, bundo Kanduang understood even without any power, because bundo kanduang just as the wife of penghulu (clan leaders)."
2013
PDF
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Nasution, Pangeran P.P.A.
"In the last decade, the issue of climate change phenomenon has been a serious debate for thepeople around the world. The impact of the climate change symptom can be felt or experiencedirectly by a societal group in any environment. The problems being experienced by the peoplerelated with the climate change phenomenon can be revealed by tracing their knowledge (culture) in understanding and predicting the circumstances of the environment; their perception about the environment which has been more unpredictable in the recent time; and the effort that were applied by them to face of the unpredictable circumstances of the environment. That would be represented how culture revealed the climate change was not only about the physical environment, but also the social-cultural phenomenon."
2013
AJ-Pdf
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
<<   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   >>