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"ABSTRAKOverweight dan obesitas adalah akumulasi lemak yang berlebihan yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Obesitas merupakan salah satu risiko untuk terjadinya gangguan kardiometabolik. Adanya polimorfisme gen UCP1, menyebabkan bervariasinya respons terhadap olahraga teratur SALI.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh senam aerobik low impact SALI pada perempuan obes abdominal yang memiliki polimorfisme gen UCP1 terhadap parameter kardiometabolik lingkar pinggang LP , kadar trigliserida TG dan penanda inflamasi Monocyte Chemmoattractant Protein-1 MCP1 .Desain penelitian adalah non randomized controlled trial. Intervensi 12 minggu terhadap 55 orang wanita obes abdominal, terdiri dari 32 orang kelompok intervensi SALI dan 23 orang kelompok kontrol. Sebelum dan sesudah program dilakukan pemeriksaan parameter kardiometabolik LP, kadar TG dan MCP1. Pemeriksaan polimorfisme -3826 A>G gen UCP1 menggunakan teknik PCR diikuti teknik RFLP.Ditemukan frekuensi genotip AA 21 orang 38,2 , genotip AG 27 49,1 dan genotip GG 7 12,7 , dengan frekuensi alel G 0,40 . Subjek dengan kadar TG ge; 130 mg/dL kelompok SALI 100 responders, Kontrol 55 , dan kelompok kadar TG < 130 mg/dL, 22 . Subjek genotip GG polimorfisme gen UCP1 dengan kadar TG ge; 130 mg/dL high responders. genotip AA low responders. Temuan ini diperkirakan terkait jumlah langkah per hari kelompok genotip GG dengan TG ge; 130 mg/dL lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok nonresponders.

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ABSTRACTOverweight and obesity were the accumulation of excessive fat that could harm health. Obesity was a risk for cardiometabolic disorders. The polymorhism of UCP1 gene, caused variations in response to regular exercise. This study aims to investigate the influence of low impact aerobics exercise LIAE in abdominal obes women who had the polymorphism of UCP1 gene on cardiometabolic parameters, waist circumference WC , levels of triglyceride TG and inflammatory markers Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 MCP1 . The study design was non randomized controlled trial. A total of 55 women subjects moderately obes women were divided into two groups on the basis of location. Thirty two subjects of LIAE group and 23 a non LIAE control group. Subjects were not restricted in foods consumed. The study period was 12 weeks. Outcome assessments for analyses were completed at baseline and 12 weeks for cardiometabolic parameters WC, TG and MCP1. Examination of the polymorphism 3826 A G UCP1 gene using PCR technique followed by RFLP technique. The frequencies of three genotypes of 3826 A G polymorphism of UCP1 gene were AA, AG, and GG were of 21 38.2 , 27 49.1 and 7 12.7 respectively with the G allele frequency of 0.40 . Post study obtained the subjects with TG baseline TG ge 130 mg dL 100 LIAE responders group, Control 55 , while TG "

"ABSTRAKPemberian terapi farmakologi pada klien dengan skizofrenia akan memberikan manfaat yang lebih optimal bila disertai dengan pemberian terapi non farmakologi. Bahkan terapi non farmakologi dapat digunakan sebagai terapi jangka panjang untuk mengontrol gejala halusinasi pendengaran yang muncul pada pasien skizofrenia. Salah satu bentuk terapi non farmakologi yaitu melalui aktivitas fisik. Senam aerobik low impact merupakan salah satu aktivitas fisik yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu menurunkan gejala halusinasi. Selain itu, senam aerobik low impact merupakan jenis olahraga yang cukup aman dilakukan oleh siapapun dan tidak memiliki resiko yang besar. Dalam karya ilmiah ini akan dilakukan analisis terkait pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada Nn. W yang menderita skizofrenia dan memiliki gejala halusinasi yang sedang mendapatkan perawatan di Ruang Srikandi RS Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor. Intervensi asuhan keperawatan pada klien dengan halusinasi yang diberikan pada Nn. W akan ditambahkan dengan kegiatan latihan senam aerobik low impact.

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ABSTRACTProviding pharmacological therapy to clients with schizophrenia will provide more optimal benefits when accompanied by non-pharmacological therapy. In fact, non-pharmacological therapy can be used as a long-term therapy to control the symptoms of auditory hallucinations that appear in schizophrenic patients. One type of non-pharmacological therapy is through physical activity. Low impact aerobics is one of the physical activities that can be done to help reduce the symptoms of hallucinations. In addition, low impact aerobics is a type of exercise that is quite safe to do by anyone and does not have a big risk. In this scientific work an analysis will be carried out related to the provision of nursing care to Ms. W, who has schizophrenia and has hallucinogenic symptoms, is receiving treatment at the Srikandi Room Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor Hospital. Nursing intervention in the client with hallucinations given to Ms. W will be added with the low impact aerobics exercise."

"ABSTRAKNama : Erdani Harimurti AzharProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : Pengaruh Latihan Senam Aerobik Intensitas Sedang Low Impact Terhadap Berat Badan Pada Siswa Obesitas SMA LabschoolKebayoran Tahun 2017Obesitas pada usia anak-anak dan remaja akan meningkatkan risiko obesitas padausia dewasa. Beberapa penyakit kronis di usia dewasa diketahui merupakanmanifestasi kondisi gemuk dan obesitas saat anak ndash; anak dan remaja. Penelitianini merupakan studi eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruhpemberian latihan senam aerobik intensitas sedang terhadap penurunan beratbadan pada siswa obesitas SMA Labschool Kebayoran. Total subjek berjumlah 24orang yang dibagi kedalam tiga kelompok. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputikarakteristik subjek berdasarkan data demografi umur , data antropometri beratbadan, tinggi badan, dan indeks massa tubuh , asupan makan dan aktivitas fisik.Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah pemberian latihan senam aerobik intensitassedang selama empat kali dalam seminggu untuk kelompok perlakuan, tiga kalidalam seminggu untuk kelompok kontrol 1, dan dua kali dalam seminggu untukkelompok kontrol 2. Latihan senam aerobik intensitas sedang diberikan selama 5minggu. Sebelum intervensi, akhir minggu ke 3 dan sesudah intervensi dilakukanpengukuran nilai estimasi berat badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan latihansenam aerobik intensitas sedang dapat menurunkan berat badan secara signifikanpada semua kelompok p = 0,001 . Dengan rata ndash; rata penurunan berat badansebesar 1,17 kg pada kelompok perlakuan, 0,61 kg pada kelompok kontrol 1, dan0,45 pada kelompok kontrol 2. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penurunannilai berat badan terbesar terdapat pada kelompok perlakuan yang diberikanintervensi senam aerobik intensitas sedang selama empat kali dalam seminggu.Kata Kunci : Berat Badan, Remaja Obesitas, Senam Aerobik Intensitas Sedang

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ABSTRACTNama Erdani Harimurti AzharProgram Studi Public Health SciencesJudul The Effect Of Low Impact Aerobic On Weight Of Student WithObesity In SMA Labschool Kebayoran in 2017Obesity at the age of children and adolescents will increase the risk ofobesity in adulthood. Some chronic diseases in adulthood are known to bemanifestations of obese conditions as children and adolescents. This study was anexperimental study that aims to assess the effect of moderate aerobic exerciseaerobic exercise on weight loss in obese high school students LabschoolKebayoran. he total subject was 24 students divided into three groups. The datacollected included subject characteristics based on demographic data age ,anthropometric data weight, height, and body mass index , dietary intake andphysical activity. Interventions were a four week aerobic exercise intensity for thetreatment group, three times a week for control group 1, and twice weekly for thecontrol group 2. Moderate aerobic exercise intensity was given for 5 weeks.Before intervention, the end of week 3 and after the intervention measurement ofweight estimation value. The results showed that low impact aerobic significantlyreduce weight in all groups p 0.001 . With an average weight loss of 1.17 kg inthe treatment group, 0.61 kg in the control group 1, and 0.45 in the control group2. The conclusion of this study was the largest weight loss was found in thetreatment group given low impact aerobic intervention for four times a week.Keyword weight, adolescent obesity, low impact aerobic"

"Tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium Tuberkulosis yang menular melalui droplet nuclei. Pada tahun 2020, diperkirakan sekitar 10 juta orang mengidap TBC di seluruh dunia dan hal ini menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi ke-13 serta menjadi penyebab kematian dari penyakit menular nomor dua setelah COVID-19. Salah satu faktor risiko TBC adalah Diabetes Melitus (DM). Penderita DM mengalami penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh sehingga memiliki 2-3 kali risiko lebih tinggi terkena TBC bila dibandingkan dengan seseorang tanpa DM. Penerapan intervensi unggulan pada asuhan keperawatan keluarga ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis keefektifan terapi farmakologis melalui kepatuhan minum obat yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi non-farmakologis berupa aktivitas fisik senam aerobik low impact terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada penderita DM. Metode praktik dilakukan dengan intervensi kepatuhan minum obat serta melakukan senam aerobik low impact selama 20 menit dengan pembagian waktu 5 menit pemanasan, 10 menit gerakan inti, dan 5 menit pendinginan. Setelah dilakukan pemberian intervensi, terjadi penurunan kadar gula darah sebanyak 333 mg/dL dengan rata-rata penurunan per harinya sebanyak 25,612 mg/dL. Penerapan kepatuhan minum obat dan senam aerobik low impact direkomendasikan untuk dapat diterapkan setiap harinya secara mandiri di rumah agar dapat mengontrol kadar glukosa darah sehingga dapat menurunkan risiko terjadinya TBC.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted through droplet nuclei. In 2020, it was estimated that around 10 million people suffered from TBC. TBC is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases after COVID-19. One of the risk factors for TB is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). People with DM have a decreased immune sistem so they have a 2-3 times higher risk of developing TB when compared to someone without DM. The superior intervention of family nursing care is carried out to analyze the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy through adherence to medication combined with non-pharmacological therapy in the form of low-impact aerobic exercise to reduce blood sugar levels in DM patients. The practical method was carried out by intervening with medication adherence and doing low-impact aerobic exercise for 20 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up time, 10 minutes of core movement, and 5 minutes of cooling down. After the intervention, there was a decrease in blood sugar levels by 333 mg/dL with an average daily decrease of 25,612 mg/dL. The application of drugs and low-impact aerobic exercise is recommended to be applied every day independently at home to control blood glucose levels and reduce the occurrence of tuberculosis."

"Latar Belakang. Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular. Peningkatan sdLDL sebagai manifestasi dislipidemi pada remaja dapat terus berlanjut pada usia dewasa dan menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi. Penyebab timbulnya sdLDL pada remaja multifaktor. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens sdLDL dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi timbulnya sdLDL pada remaja siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Jakarta. Metode. Studi potong lintang pada 97 anak usia 12-15 tahun siswa SMP di Jakarta Pusat pada periode Juni-Juli 2012 dan April-Mei 2014 di Jakarta Timur. Pada subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), massa lemak tubuh (MLT), tekanan darah dan pemeriksaan darah sdLDL. Kriteria obesitas menggunakan IMT ≥P95 berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Massa lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan Tanita Inner Scan Body Composition Monitor tipe BC-545. Hasil dan pembahasan. Sebanyak 97 remaja obes diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Prevalens sdLDL terjadi sebanyak 17,2 %. Terdapat hipertensi sebanyak 26,8 %, IMT pada nilai 30-39,9 sebanyak 51,5 % , MLT pada > P98 67 % dan lingkar pinggang > P90 52,5 %. Pada analisis bivariat dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Kai-kuadrat tidak didapatkan hubungan antara sdLDL dengan faktor-faktor di atas. Simpulan. Prevalens sdLDL pada remaja obes ditemukan sebesar 17,2 %. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara sdLDL dengan IMT, tekanan darah, MLT dan lingkar pinggang.

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Background. Childhood obesity is a global health problem. Plasma concentrations of small dense sdLDL are associated with the prevalence of atherosclerosis events. Atherosclerosis has already started to develop in childhood and adolescent obese. Increased sdLDL in adolescent to adult can cause higher morbidity and mortality. Contributing factors of sdLDL in adolescent are multifactorial.

Objectives. To know the prevalence of sdLDL in obese adolescents and the affecting factors, such as body mass index, body fat mass, blood pressure and waist circumference.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study performed in obese adolescents, aged 12-15 years old, in several junior high schools in Central and East Jakarta, from May to June 2012 and April to Mei 2014. Physic examination was perfomed, including body mass index, body fat mass, blood pressure and waist circumference. and sd LDL as a blood examination.. Body mass index with the percentile ≥95 according to age and gender was used for obesity criteria, body fat mass was calculated using Tanita Inner Scan Body Composition Monitor Type BC-545.

Results. Of 97 obese adolescents in this study, sdLDL was found in 17,2 % subjects. The prevalence of each factors was 26,8 % hypertension, 51,5 % for body mass index at 30-39,9, 67 % for body fat mass >P98 and 52,5 % for central obesity P>P99. Based on bivariate analyse, such as Mann-Whitney and Kai-Kuadrat, there were no correlation between sdLDL and it?s factors.

Conclusion. sdLDL has a prevalence of 17,2 % in obese adolescent in this study, with no association found between body mass index, body fat mass, blood pressure and waist circumference."

"Latar belakang: Hipertensi dan aterosklerosis berkaitan dengan disfungsi endotel yang ditandai oleh pengurangan produksi nitric oxide (NO) dan penurunan NO bioavailability. Disfungsi endotel dapat terjadi sejak usia anak-anak dan inaktivitas fisik menjadi faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Namun belum banyak penelitian mengenai perbedaan pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik pada juvenil dibandingkan dengan dewasa terhadap fungsi vaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh usia latihan fisik terhadap kadar NO, MDA dan aktivitas spesifik enzim SOD pada aorta abdominal dengan lama latihan yang sama. Metode: Subjek penelitian adalah tikus usia juvenil dan dewasa muda yang dibagi dalam kelompok latihan dan kontrol. Latihan aerobik selama 8 minggu menggunakan treadmill dengan kecepatan disesuaikan dengan usia tikus selama 20 menit intermitten, 5x seminggu. Analisis kadar NO, MDA dan aktivitas SOD aorta abdominal menggunakan uji t-test independen (data berdistribusi normal dan homogen) atau uji U-Mann Whitney (data tidak normal). Hasil: Kadar NO dan aktivitas spesisfik SOD lebih tinggi pada kelompok latihan dibandingkan kontrol, baik pada kelompok juvenil maupun dewasa muda. Namun hanya pada kelompok dewasa muda yang perbedaannya bermakna. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar MDA antara kelompok latihan dan kontrol pada kedua usia. Kadar MDA pada kelompok juvenil meningkat dan menurun pada kelompok dewasa muda akibat latihan aerobik selama 8 minggu. Kesimpulan: Latihan aerobik dapat meningkatkan produksi NO dan NO bioavailability pada kelompok juvenil maupun dewasa muda. Peningkatan NO bioavailability terjadi melalui aktivitas spesifik enzim SOD. Diduga tingginya kadar MDA pada kelompok latihan dan kontrol juvenil terkait dengan usia dan stres fisik. Belum diketahui apakah peningkatan kadar MDA pada kelompok juvenil masih dalam kisaran normal atau tidak. Oleh karena itu, masih terdapat beberapa pertanyaan terkait manfaat latihan pada juvenil.

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Background: Hypertension and atherosclerosis are related to endothelial dysfunction, that characterized with decrease of NO production and bioavailability. Physical inactivity has contribute to endothelial dysfunction that can occur since childhood. However, until now, there were only few studies about the difference effect of aerobic training to vascular function in juvenile and young-adult rats. Therefore, this study aimed to know the effect of age related- exercise training to level of NO, MDA and specific SOD activity in abdominal aorta.

Methode: Subjects were juvenile and young adult male wistar rats divided into 2 group: control and aerobic training. Aerobic training performed in 8 weeks with animal treadmill with age-dependent speed for 20 minutes intermittent exercise, 5x per week. Analysis of NO, MDA level, and SOD activity of abdominal aorta used t-test independent (normal distribution and homogen) or U-Mann Whitney (not normal distribution).

Results: NO level and SOD specific activity in training group were higher than control group, in both juvenile and young adult group. But, only in young adult group that had significant result. There was no significant different of MDA level in training group compared to control group in both juvenile and young-adult group, but MDA level increased in juvenile group and decreased in young-adult group because of aerobic training for 8 weeks.

Conclussion: Aerobic training can increase NO production and bioavaibility both in juvenile and young adult group. Increase of NO bioavailability was considered to the increase of SOD specific activity. We considered that the increase of MDA level in training and control juvenile group were related to age and physical stress. We didn?t know yet the increased level of MDA in juvenile group was still in normal range level or not. Therefore is still any question if training in juvenile rat was benefit or not."

"Latar Belakang: Osteoporosis adalah penyakit yang ditandai oleh BMD yang rendah dan mikroarsitektur jaringan tulang yang memburuk akibat kerapuhan tulang yang meningkat dan kerentanan terhadap patah tulang. Beberapa faktor lingkungan dan genetik dianggap dapat berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya penyakit osteoporosis. Salah satu gen yang dapat mempengaruhi proses resorpsi tulang adalah gen LRP5 Gen LRP5 telah terbukti memainkan peran penting dalam biologi tulang. LRP5 adalah protein transmembran dan berfungsi sebagai co-receptor untuk protein Wnt. LRP5 diekspresikan dalam osteoblast dan mempengaruhi pembentukan tulang dengan mengubah Wnt signaling.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ada atau tidaknya polimorfisme dan perbedaan polimorfisme gen LRP5 Q89R pada wanita pascamenopause dengan osteoporosis.Metode: 100 bahan biologis tersimpan (50 sampel wanita pascamenopause dengan osteoporosis dan 50 sampel individu sehat) dianalisa menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP dengan enzim retriksi AvaII, selanjutnya data diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi-square.Hasil: Ditemukan banyak genotip QQ baik pada kelompok osteoporosis dan non-osteoporosis. Pada kelompok osteoporosis terdapat 93% genotip QQ dan 3% genotip QR dan tidak ditemukan genotip RR. Pada kelompok non-osteoporosis, terdapat 100% genotip QQ dan tidak ditemukan genotip QR dan RR.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada distribusi polimorfisme gen LRP5 Q89R antara penderita osteoporosis dengan kelompok non-osteoporosis (p = 0.105).

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Background: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deteriorating bone tissue microarchitecture due to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Some environmental and genetic factors are considered to contribute to the occurrence of osteoporosis. One of the genes that can affect the bone resorption process is the LRP5 gene. The LRP5 gene has been shown to play an important role in bone biology. LRP5 is a transmembran protein and functions as a co-receptor for Wnt protein. LRP5 is expressed in osteoblasts and affects bone formation by changing Wnt signaling.Objective: This research aims to look for genetic polymorphism and differentiate the distribution LRP5 Q89R gene polymorphism in postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis.Methods: 100 stored biological samples (50 samples of postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis and 50 healthy control samples) were analyzed with PCR-RFLP technique using AvaII restriction enzyme, and subsequently assessed with statistical analysis using Chi-square test.Result: QQ genotype was found with the highest amount in both samples. The postmenopausal group has 94% of GG genotype, 6% of QR genotype, and no RR genotype was found. The healthy control group has 100% of GG genotype and no QR and RR genotype was found. Based on Fisher-Extract test, there is no significant association between LRP5 Q89R and postmenopausal osteoporosis (p value = 0.105).Conclusion: The genetic polymorphism of LRP5 Q89R in postmenopausal woman was found, but the polymorphism didnt have any association with osteoporosis in Indonesia populations."

"T-box 15 (Tbx15) merupakan faktor transkripsi yang mempengaruhi ekspresi gen Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Interaksi antara protein Tbx15 dan gen Ucp1 telah dilaporakan terlibat dalam aktivasi termogenesis adaptif dan pencoklatan jaringan adiposa putih, yang menawarkan pendekatan baru dalam mengobati obesitas. Paparan static magnetic field (SMF) meningkatkan Ca2+ sitosol yang dapat menghambat adipogenesis in vitro. Studi eksperimental untuk menganalisis efek SMF pada pencoklatan belum banyak dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek pajanan SMF secara in vivo pada jaringan adiposa mencit obesitas yang ditinjau dari ekspresi protein Tbx15, gen Ucp1, serta ukuran sel adiposa inguinal. Mencit C57BL/6J diinduksi obesitas melalui pemberian pakan tinggi lemak (HFD). Mencit dipajan SMF selama 21 hari diferensiasi adiposit, durasi pajanan 1 jam/hari dengan intensitas 2 mT. Indeks Lee, protein Tbx15, gen Ucp1 dan ukuran sel adiposa dianalisis. Ekspresi Tbx15 meningkat secara signifikan (p<0,05) setelah 2 dan 7 hari pajanan SMF dan indeks Lee menurun sejak 2-21 hari pajanan SMF. Ekspresi gen Ucp1 meningkat setelah pajanan SMF walaupun secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan signifikan. Ukuran sel adiposa lebih kecil setelah 14-21 hari pajanan. Oleh karena itu, pajanan SMF dengan intensitas 2 mT durasi 1 jam/hari sudah optimal mempengaruhi proses pencoklatan melalui ekspresi Tbx15 dan Ucp1 yang meningkat setelah 2-7 hari pajanan dan secara fenotip ukuran sel adiposa mengecil dihari 14-21.

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T-box 15 (Tbx 15) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of the Uncoupling protein 1(Ucp1) gene. Tbx15 protein and Ucp1 gene interaction has been reported to be involved in thermogenesis and browning process of white adipose tissue, which offers a novel approach to treat obesity. Increased Ca2+ cytosolic concentrations caused by static magnetic field (SMF) exposure inhibit adipogenesis in vitro. Experimental studies to determine effect of SMF on the browning process have not been widely reported. Hence, we investigated its effect towards Lee index, Tbx15 and Ucp1 expression, as well as adipose cell size in obese mice inguinal adipose tissue. We generated C57BL/6J obese mice by inducing high fat diet (HFD). Mice were exposed to SMF at a 2 mT intensity for one hour per day for 21 days of adipocyte differentiation. Lee index, Tbx15 protein, Ucp1 gene, and histological inguinal adipose histology were all investigated. Tbx15 expression increased after 2-7 days of SMF exposure and Lee index decreased significantly since 2- 21 days of SMF exposure. Ucp1 gene expression increased after SMF exposure, however there was no significant change following SMF exposure. After 14-21 days of exposure, adipose cell size was slightly reduced. Therefore, we can conclude that the SMF exposure at 2 mT intensity for one hour per day could improve browning process by increasing Tbx15 dan Ucp1 expression after 2-7 days and adipose cell size phenotypically reduced at 14-21 days of SMF exposure."

"Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda paralel ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan, bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi serat larut dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) selama 4 minggu terhadap kadar kolesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum pada obes I usia 30−50 tahun. Sejumlah 31 subyek dipilih dengan kriteria tertentu dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi blok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat serat larut psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari, sedangkan subyek KK mendapat plasebo dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari. Data terdiri atas usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan zat gizi, serta kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Pemeriksaan kolesterol LDL dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney, batas kemaknaan 5%. Karakteristik data dasar dan sebaran subyek kedua kelompok sebanding. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 28 subyek (KP dan KK masing-masing 14 subyek). Suplementasi ditoleransi baik dan tidak ditemukan efek samping serius. Median usia subyek KP dan KK berturut-turut 35,0 (30−45) tahun dan 34,50 (30−48) tahun serta rerata IMT 28,0 ± 1,1 kg/m2 dan 27,2 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL serum awal KP 137,0 ± 37,0 mg/dL dan KK 134,4 ± 29,1 mg/dL. Defisit energi KP lebih rendah tidak signifikan (p = 0,62) dibandingkan KK, berturut-turut -282,0 ± 482,6 kkal/hari dan -331,8 ± 578,3 kkal/hari. Persentase asupan energi terhadap anjuran KP (94,2 ± 18,5%) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) daripada KK (85,4 ± 22,9%). Asupan karbohidrat (KH) total KP (613,1 ± 134,5 kkal/hari) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) dibandingkan KK (545,4 ± 161,1 kkal/hari). Asupan protein, lemak total, dan kolesterol KP dan KK sesuai rekomendasi NCEP-ATP III. Pada kedua kelompok, asupan asam lemak jenuh cenderung tinggi, tetapi asupan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan jamak rendah. Asupan serat subyek KP 17,2 ± 2,8 g/hari dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari. Dengan suplementasi PH tidak tercapai rekomendasi asupan serat. Persentase asupan KH sederhana terhadap energi total KP 11,5±5,4% lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,00) dibandingkan KK 6,0 (1,2524,2)%. Penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL serum KP -2,1 ± 16,2 mg/dL lebih sedikit tidak signifikan (p = 0,15) dibandingkan pada KK -10,9 ± 15,3 mg/dL. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan suplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari selama 4 minggu lebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL serum dibandingkan plasebo pada subyek obes I.

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This parallel double blind randomized clinical trial is a preliminary study that aims to investigate the effect of soluble fiber supplementation 8.4 g/day and lowcalorie balanced diet (LCBD) for 4 weeks on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level in obese I, aged 30−50 years old. A total of 31 subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomization; 15 subjects for treatment (T) group and 16 subjects for control (C) group, respectively. The T group received psyllium husk (PH) 8.4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day, and the C group received placebo and LCBD 1200 kcal/day. Data include age, body mass index (BMI), intake of energy, macronutrient, and fiber, as well as serum LDL cholesterol level. Serum LDL cholesterol level was examined before and after treatment. Statistical analyses include independent t-test and Mann-Whitney with significance level of 5%. Subjects characteristics of the two groups at baseline was not statistically different. Twenty eight subjects (14 subjects in each group) completed the intervention. Supplementation was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. The mean age in T and C group was 35.0 (30.0−45.0) and 34.5 (30.0−48.0) years, respectively, and BMI was 28.0 ± 1.1 and 27.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2, respectively. The pretreatment serum LDL cholesterol level in T and C group was 137.0 ± 37.0 and 134.4 ± 29.1 mg/dL, respectively. Energy deficit in T group was insignificantly lower (p = 0.62) than in C group; -282.0 ± 482.6 and -331.8 ± 578.3 kcal/day, respectively. Percentage of energy intake to recommendation in T group (94.2 ± 18.5%) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than that in C group (85.4 ± 22.9%). Total carbohydrate (CHO) intake in T group (613.1 ± 134.5 kcal/day) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than in C group (545.4 ± 161.1 kcal/day). Total protein, fat, and cholesterol intake were similar to the NCEP-ATP III recommendation in both groups. Intake of SAFA was higher than recommended, meanwhile PUFA and MUFA intake were lower than those recommended in both groups. Dietary fiber intake in T and C group was 17.2 ± 2.8 and 8.6 (5.2−15.2) g/day, respectively. During the intervention, PH supplementation did not meet the recommendation. Percentage of simple CHO to total energy in T group 11.5±5.4% was significantly higher (p = 0.00) than in C group 6.0 (1.2524.2)%. PH supplementation decreased serum LDL cholesterol level (-2.1 ± 16.2 mg/dL) lower than placebo (-10.9 ± 15.3 mg/dL), but not significant different (p = 0.15). This study shows that PH supplementation 8.4 g/day in combination with LCBD 1200 kcal/day for 4 weeks in obese I aged 30−50 years old is not proven to decrease the serum LDL cholesterol level."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang selama 14 hari terhadap berat badan (BB), indeks massa tubuh (IMT), tebal lipatan kulit total. (TLK), massa lemak tubuh (ML), massa tubuh bebas lemak (MBL), rasio lingkar pinggang-lingkar panggul (R Lpi-Lpa) , dan kadar leptin serum.Tempat : Rumah Sakit Sumba Waras, GrogolBahan dan cara: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimentai pra dan pasca pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang 915,23 kkal dengan komposisi 55,81% karbohidrat, 19,46% protein dan 24,73% lemak selama 14 hari terhadap 39 subyek perempuan obes (19-55 tahun) yang telah memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data karateristik demografi, data asupan energi dan makronutrien, antropornetri, komposisi tubuh, dan kadar leptin serum.Hasil : Terjadi penurunan berat badan secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 70,99 ± 8,62 menjadi 68,81 ± 8,36 kg (3,07%); penurunan IMT secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 30,20 ± 3,11 kg/m2 menjadi 29,36 ± 2,94 kg/m2 ( 3,04%); penurunan TLK secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 99,32 ± 12,07 mm menjadi 91,29 f 10,85 mm (8,08%); penurunan ML secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 35,41 ± 2,75 % menjadi 33,65 ± 2,73% (1,76 %) peningkatan persentase MBL secara bermakna. (p<0,O5) dari 64,59 2,74 menjadi 66,35 2,73% (2,72%);penurunan Lpi secara bermakna (p<0,O5) dari 85,87 7,31 menjadi 83,35 ± 7,09 cm (2,93%); penurunan Lpa secara bermakna (p<0,05) Bari 107,59 ± 6,67 menjadi 106,49 f 6,37 cm (1,02%); penurunan R Lpi-Lpa secara bermakna (p(O,O5) dari 0,80 ± 0,05 menjadi 0,78 ± 0,04 (2,24 %); penurunan kadar leptin serum secara bermalma (p<0,05) dari 23,31 (12,06-71,22) menjadi 18,18 (7,90-65,11) pg/mL (22,01 %); ditemukan korelasi positif antara kadar leptin serum dengan ML secara bermakna (p<0,05) sebelum perlakuan 0=0,47 ; p t,003) dan sesudah perlakuan (r3,57 ; p=0,001).Simpulan : Pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang sebesar 915,23 kkal/h selama 14 hari dapat dengan efektif menurunkan berat badan, IMT, tebal lemak bawah kulit, persentase lemak, meningkatkan persentase massa bebas lemak, menurunkan rasio lingkar pinggang lingkar panggul dan kadar leptin serum, serta ditemukan korelasi positif bermakna antara massa lemak tubuh dan leptin serum baik sebelum maupun sesudah perlakuan.

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Objective : To identify the effect of balanced low-calorie diet for 14 days on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total skin fold thickness (SFT), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and serum leptin level.

Place : Sumber Waras Hospital, Grogol

Material and Method : This study is a pre- and post-experimental balanced low-calorie diet 915.23 kcallday with the composition of 55.81 % carbohydrate, 19.46 % protein and 24.73 % fat for 14 days on 39 obese-women subjects (19-55 years old) who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data include demographic characteristic, macronutrient and energy intake, as well as of anthropometry, FM, FFM, and serum leptin level.

Results : Body weight reduction occurs significantly (p<0.05) from 70.99 ± 8.62 to 68.81 ± 8.36 kg (3,07%), BMI reduction is significant (p<0.45) from 30,20 + 3,11kglm2 to 29,36 ± 2,94 kghn' (3,04%); significantly reduced SFT (p<0.05) from 99,32 ± 12,07 mm to 91,29 ± 10,85 mm (8,08%); significantly reduced FM (p<0,05) from 35.41 ± 2.75% to 33.65 ± 2.73% (1.76%); significantly increased FFM percentage (P<0.05) from 64.59 ± 2.74 to 66.35 ± 2.73 (2.72%); significantly reduced WC (waist circumference) (p<0.05) from 85.87 ± 7.31 to 83.35 ± 7.09 (2.93%); significantly reduced HC (hip circumference) (p<0.05) from 107.59 ± 6.67 to 106.49 ± 6.37 (1.02%); significantly reduced WHR (p<0.05) from 0.80 ± 0.05 to 0.78 ± 0.04 (2.24%); significantly reduced serum leptin level (p<0.05) from 23.31 (12.06 - 71.22) to 18.18 (7.90 - 65.11) (22.01%); positive correlation is observed between serum leptin level and FM significantly (p<0,05) before treatment (r= 0.47; p = 0.003) and after treatment (r=0,57;

Conclusions : Balanced low-calorie diet may effectively reduce body weight, BMI, skin fold thickness, percentage of fat mass, to increase percentage of fat free mass, to reduce waist to hip ratio and serum leptin level. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between serum leptin and body fat mass both before and after treatment."