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"Komoditas terbesar untuk produksi ikan di PPS Nizam Zachman pada tahun 2013-2015 adalah cakalang dengan rata-rata produksi 34.472,08 ton/tahun. Peningkatan intensitas penangkapan sumberdaya ikan akan memberikan dampak negatif berupa pengurangan stok dan penurunan produksi hasil tangkapan. Fokus utama penelitian adalah para nelayan kapal purse seine yang beroperasi di WPP 572 Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera yang menangkap ikan cakalang serta mendaratkan hasil tangkapannya di PPS Nizam Zahman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi kondisi aktual tingkat pemanfaatan, menganalisa standarisasi alat tangkap, merumuskan CPUE, dan tingkat keuntungan. Metode penelitian yaitu kuantitatif, dan studi kasus. Analisis fungsi produksi menggunakan Model Schaefer dan Model Fox. Hasil standarisasi alat penangkapan ikan, alat tangkap purse seine lebih produktif dan efektif dibanding pemakaian alat rawai tuna dengan nilai FPI purse seine 1 dan rawai tuna 0,08. Nilai rata-rata upaya standar sebesar 917 upaya atau trip. Dari nilai hasil tangkapan didapat hasil CPUE standar rata-rata sebesar 24,69. Nilai produksi lestari penangkapan sebesar 180.884 ton, dengan EMSY senilai 19.185 trip dan TAC sebesar 144.707 ton. Tingkat pemanfaatan rata-rata masih dibawah jauh dari JTB yaitu 10 dari potensi model Fox dan 12,5 dari model Schaefer. Secara keseluruhan usaha penangkapan cakalang masih menguntungkan, yaitu 93,5 dari total responden mempunyai nilai BC ratio diatas 1 yaitu berkisar 1,01 ndash; 15,17 dan dinyatakan layak untuk diusahakan.

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The largest commodity of fish production in PPS Nizam Zachman for 2013 2015 was skipjack with average production 34,472,08 ton year. The increasing intensity of captured fisheries resources gave a negative impact in stock reduction and decreased production of catches. The focus of this research was the purse seine vessel that has been operated in FMA 572 Indian Ocean West Sumatra that caught skipjack and landed at Nizam Zahman harbour. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the actual condition of skipjack resource utilization level, to analyze the standardization of fishing gear, and to formulate CPUE, also to analyze the level of skipjack tuna bussiness suistanability. This research was conducted by using quantitative research methods, based on case study. Analysis on sustainable capture fisheries production function used by Schaefer Model and Fox Model.

The result of standardization of fishing gear show purse seine fishing gear was more productive and effective than the use of tuna longline tools with the value of FPI purse seine 1 and long line 0.08. The standard effort average value was 917 effort or trips. From the catch value obtained the result of CPUE average standard was 24.69. The value of sustainable tuna fishing production in FMA 572 landed at PPS Nizam Zachman was 180,884 tons, with EMSY worth 19,185 trips and TAC of 144,707 tons. The level of skipjack resource utilization was still below the average of TAC which was 10 of the potential Fox model and 12.5 of the Schaefer model. Overall skipjack fishing business was still profitable, that was 93.5 of the total respondents had a value of BC ratio above 1, which had ranged from 1.01 to 15.17 it was declared feasible to bussines. "

"Ikan cakalang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan pelagis bernilai ekonomis yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui aspek biologi, status keberlanjutan pengelolaan, dan menyusun model dan strategi pengembangan pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan. Metode pengambilan sampel ikan cakalang secara acak terhadap kapal pancing tonda yang mendarat di PPN Palabuhanratu. Sedangkan untuk analisis status keberlanjutan menggunakan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), dan untuk menyusun prioritas strategi menggunakan metode Proses Hirarki Analitik (AHP). Aspek biologi menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin menunjukkan bahwa ikan betina lebih banyak dari pada ikan jantan. Ikan cakalang yang tertangkap kebanyakan pada TKG III sebesar 42%, dimana telah mengalami pemijahan. Hasil analisis potensial lestari (MSY) sebesar 741.039 kg/tahun, fmsy = 1.392 unit dan CPUEopt adalah 532.050 kg/unit; Status keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap ikan cakalang di PPN Palabuhanratu secara multidimensi dalam kondisi kurang berkelanjutan (nilai indeks 46,19). Strategi yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan skala prioritas adalah 1) Pengaturan alat bantu penangkapan ikan, 2) Penentuan selektivitas alat penangkapan ikan, 3) Pembatasan upaya penangkapan ikan, 4) Peningkatan kualitas SDM, 5) Pengaturan perubahan target tangkapan sementara sesuai musim, 6) Pengelolaan hasil tangkapan sampingan (by catch), 7) Peningkatan pengawasan penangkapan ikan, 8) Pengembangan alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan, 9) Meningkatkan nilai GDP, 10) Pengaturan kepemilikan sumberdaya, 11) Kebijakan dalam pengelolaan perikanan mempertimbangkan kearifan lokal nelayan setempat, 12) Meningkatkan Peran Sektor Perikanan, dan 13) Status konflik.

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Skipjack tuna is one of the major pelagic fish resources which has economic value that landed on PPN Palabuhanratu. The research aims to determine the biological aspects, determine the status management of sustainability, and model and strategy of sustainability development management. Sampling methods is randomly collect the skipjacks tuna on the trolling ship that landed in PPN Palabuanratu. Moreover, in the purpose of analysis of sustainability status is using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), to arrange the strategic priorities is using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Biological aspects show allometric growth pattern is negative. Sex ratio showed that female fish are more than the male fish. Tuna were caught mostly on TKG III by 42%, which has undergone spawning. The results of the analysis of the sustainable potential (MSY) is 741.039 kg/year, fmsy = 1.392 units and CPUEopt is 532.050 kg/unit. The status of sustainability management in multidimension point of view, skipjack tuna fisheries activities in PPN Palabuhanratu is less sustainable condition (index value of 46.19). The strategies that need to do based on priority scale are: 1) setting up the fishing tools, 2) Determination of the selectivity of fishing tools, 3) Restriction of fishing activities, 4) improving the quality of human resources, 5) Settip up the changes of temporary target catch according to season, 6) Management of side catches value (by catch), 7) Improving monitoring of fishing, 8) Developing of fishing tools that are environmentally friendly, 9) Increase the value of GDP, 10) Admission of resource ownership, 11) Policy in fisheries management that considering the value of local fishermes, 12) Increase the Role of Fisheries Sector, and 13) Status of conflict."

"Palabuhanratu merupakan lokasi penting bagi perikanan tangkap di daerah pantai selatan Jawa Barat. Salah satu hasil tangkapan yang dominan dan memiliki nilai ekonomis penting yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu yaitu ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis, 1758). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek penangkapan dan aspek biologi ikan cakalang. Aspek penangkapan meliputi; jenis alat tangkap, derah penangkapan, hasil per unit upaya, dan produksi. Aspek biologi meliputi; struktur panjang berat dan tingkat pemanfaatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober ? Januari 2013. Sampling aspek penagkapan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Sampling aspek biologi dilakukan secara porposional pada tempat pendaratan ikan. Terdapat beberapa yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan cakalang antara lain; Jaring insang hanyut, payang dan pancing tonda. Pengoperasian alat ini dilakukan di sekitar rumpon. Terlihat dari data statistik perikanan PPN Palabuhanratu tahun 2005 - 2012 menunjukkan jumlah produksi penangkapan ikan cakalang mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya sekitar 13,39%. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengelolaannya yang lebih serius antara lain dengan suatu alternatif memperluas daerah penangkapan ke arah selatan perairan Samudera Hindia yang diperkirakan di Lintang 90 LS - 110 LS dengan bujur antara 1050 BT ? 1060 BT. Adapun hasil analisis hubungan panjang dan berat diperoleh persamaan W = aLb yang berarti pola pertumbuhan allometrik negartif terlihat bahwa p-value pada selang kepercayaan 95%, dan juga apabila pendapat Rothschial (1967) kita terapkan pada hasil penelitian maka ikan cakalang ini lebih dari setengahnya telah berukuran lebih dari 40 cm berarti ikan yang tertangkap telah mengalami pemijahan sebelum tertangkap oleh nelayan.

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Palabuhanratu an important location for the fisheries on the south coast of West Java. One of the dominant catch and has an important economic value landed in PPN Palabuhanratu ie tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758). Fishery statistics PPN Palabuhanratu years 2005-2012 indicates the number of tuna fishing production has decreased about 13.39% annually. Therefore we need an alternative to expanding the capture area to the south of the Indian Ocean is estimated at Latitude 90 LS - 110 LS with longitude between 1050 BT - BT 1060. The linear regression analysis of the relationship length and weight to estimate patterns of growth and age estimation it is seen that the p-value is smaller at the 95% confidence interval, it can be obtained that tuna regeresi coefficient of the regression models above differ significantly on the real level 0.05. Thus indicating that the growth pattern of the landed tuna is negative allometric means that the length of the tuna faster than the growth of its weight, and also if the opinion Rothschial (1967) we apply the research results tuna is more than half have larger than 40 cm means the fish are."

"Tingginya permintaan pasar terhadap ikan cakalang mengakibatkan aktivitas penangkapannya dilakukan secara terus-menerus sepanjang tahun sehingga dapat mengancam kelestariannya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui distribusi frekuensi panjang ikan cakalang secara temporal dan menganalisis tingkat selektivitas alat tangkap purse seine pelagis besar di fishing ground Samudera Hindia bagian timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data panjang cagak ikan cakalang selama Januari s/d Desember 2016 yang didaratkan di PPS Nizam Zachman Jakarta. Analisis data frekuensi panjang dilakukan dengan membandingkan sebaran individu ikan dalam bentuk histogram, dan analisis selektivitas dengan metode skoring berdasarkan komposisi hasil tangkapan, persentase hasil tangkapan layak tangkap dan membandingkan nilai Lc dan Lm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada bulan juli sampai oktober distribusi frekuensi panjang cagak cakalang terbanyak pada rentang kelas 40-45 cm dengan panjang rata-rata 43 cm atau diatas nilai Lm (42,9 cmFL). Sedangkan pada bulan november sampai juni distribusi frekuensi panjang cagak cakalang berada pada nilai dibawah nilai Lm. Panjang ikan cakalang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) diperoleh nilai 40,83 cmFL dibawah nilai pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 42,9 cmFL. Hasil tangkapan utama purse seine pelagis besar selama penelitian yaitu ikan cakalang 42,6% dan hasil tangkapan sampingan sebesar 57,4%. Jumlah cakalang layak tangkap sebesar 26%, sehingga berdasarkan analisis selektivitas, selektivitas alat tangkap purse seine pelagis besar di perairan Samudera Hindia bagian timur memiliki selektivitas rendah.

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The high market demand for skipjack tuna has resulted in its catching activities continuously throughout the year so can be threaten its sustainability. The objectives of this research are to know the temporal length frequency distribution of skipjack tuna and to analyze the level of selectivity of large pelagic purse seine in the Eastern Indian Ocean fishing ground. The data used were length data of skipjack tuna wich unloaded during January to December 2016 at Nizam Zachman Jakarta Fishing Port. Length frequency data analysis was done descriptively by comparing the distribution of individual fish in the form of histogram, whereas the selectivity analysis done by scoring method based on the catch composition, the capture catch percentage and compare the Lc and Lm values.

The results of this research showed that in July to October, highest distribution of the length frequency of skipjack tuna was in the 40-45 class range, with average length value was higher than Lm value of 43 cmFL and 42.9 cmFL, respectively. While from November until June, the length frequency distribution value of skipjack tuna was lower the Lm value. The skipjack tuna minimum length of caught (Lc) was lower than its minimum length of gonad mature (Lm) of 40.83 cmFL and 42.9 cmFL, respectively. The major catches of large pelagic purse seine during this research was skipjack tuna as much as 42.6%, and by-catch by 57.4%. The amount of catchable fish is 26%, so based on selectivity analysis, the selectivity of the large pelagic purse seine fishing gear in the waters of the East Indian Ocean has low selectivity."

"Tuna landed in 2014 reached a production of 1,093,537 tons and has a peak production in September amounted to 182 350 tonnes. temporal mapping potential areas of skipjack fishing aqua MODIS image, is thought to have optimum levels of arrest occurred in August which has a density of 25 214 mg/m3. This study aims to: (1) identify skipjack capture result; (2) Analyze distribution and variations chlorophyl-a and SST in spatial and temporal from Aqua Modis Imagery satelite; (3) Analyze the relationship and influence between Chlorophyl-a and SST to CPUE skipjack; (4)Mapping potential area of catching skipjack in Banda Sea waters and arround Maluku Province."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu kendala dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya laut di Indonesia adalah perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi akibat fenomena ENSO. Produksi ikan Cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis di perairan Malang Selatan mengalami fluktuasi akibat fenomena tersebut. Kurangnya informasi mengenai fenomena ENSO kepada nelayan menyebabkaan kurang maksimal dalam memanfaatkan produksi ikan Cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis pada fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak fenomena ENSO terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan Cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis . Parameter oseanografi yang diamati yaitu data suhu permukaan laut SPL serta klorofil-a dari citra MODIS. Metode yang digunakan dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder hasil tangkapan ikan Cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis serta suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a dari data citra satelit AQUA-MODIS level 3 dengan resolusi 4km selama ENSO yaitu tahun 2014-2016. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Suhu Permukaan Laut SPL di perairan Malang Selatan berkisar antara 24.825-32.055 C. Southern Oscillation Index SOI menunjukan El-Nino kuat terjadi pada bulan Mei-Oktober 2015, La-Nina terjadi pada bulan Januari-April 2014 dan Normal terjadi pada tahun 2016. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh antara ENSO dengan SPL yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai determinasi R sebesar 0.133 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,029 sehingga ada pengaruh variabel lain yang dapat mempengaruhi ENSO. Pada saat El-Nino tahun 2015 terjadi peningkatan hasil tangkapan ikan Cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis yang tinggi di perairan Malang Selatan pengaruh utamanya adalah akibat SPL lebih dingin, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa perairan tersebut subur yang kaya akan nutrien. Dengan didukung kondisi perairan yang optimal pada saat El-Nino lokasi tersebut merupakan sumber pakan yang subur sehingga cocok untuk beberapa ikan pelagis besar, khususnya ikan Cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis .

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ABSTRACTOne of the obstacles of the use of marine resources in Indonesia is the environtmental changes caused by ENSO. Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis production in South Malang waters had fluctuated because of the aforementioned phenomenon. The lack of information about ENSO phenomenon for fishermen caused the use of skipjack tuna is not quite optimum. This research aims to analyse the impact of ENSO phenomenon towards the Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis catches. The oceanographic analyzed parameters are the sea surface temperature SST and also chlorophyll a from Citra MODIS. The method used in this research is by collecting the secondary data of the Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis cathes and the sea surface temperature SST and chlorophyll a from AQUA MODIS Citra Satellite level 3 which resolution is 4 km during ENSO which was from 2014 to 2016. The result of the research shows that the sea surface temperature SST in South Malang waters was around 24.825 32.055 C. Southern Oscillation Index SOI shows that strong El Nino occurred in May October 2015, La Nina occurred in January April 2014 and normally occurred in 2016. The analysis result shows that there is an influence between ENSO and SST proven by the determination value R2 is 0,133 and the significance is 0,029 so that there is influence of other variables that could influence ENSO. When El Nino in 2015 occurred, the significant increase of Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus Pelamis catches occurred in South Malang Waters was mainly caused by Sea Surface Temperature SST was cooler, it indicates that the waters was fertile which was rich of nutrients. Being supported by this optimum waters condition in El Nino, this location was considered as the great woof so that it is beneficial for some of big pelagic fishes, especially Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis ."

"Salah satu sumberdaya perikanan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan WPP 573 Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa adalah ikan cakalang. Ikan tersebut merupakan ikan pelagis yang termasuk dalam ikan ekonomis penting. Pada tahun 2008 ndash;2016, hasil tangkapan ikan cakalang yang tertangkap di WPP 573 dan didaratkan pada PPN Palabuhanratu menunjukkan telah terjadi penurunan yang diduga mengalami eksploitasi berlebihan sehingga memengaruhi ketersediaan stok sumberdaya ikan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek ndash;aspek biologi, ekologi, dan perikanan serta menganalisis selektivitas penggunaan alat penangkap ikan cakalang. Metode yang digunakan yaitu melalui pengambilan sampel secara acak ikan cakalang yang tertangkap dengan pancing tonda dan rawai tuna serta wawancara kepada nelayan. Musim penangkapan ikan cakalang yang paling produktif, yaitu pada musim timur, ketika terjadi upwelling yaitu pada bulan Juni - Oktober di WPP 573. Secara umum ikan cakalang yang tertangkap telah melakukan pemijahan atau reproduksi, yaitu pada TKG III sebesar 44 dengan panjang cagak 41 ndash;45 cm. Nilai potensi lestari maksimum MSY dengan pancing tonda sebesar 230.813,9 kg/tahun dengan upaya penangkapan optimum fopt sebesar 228 trip dan CPUEopt sebesar 1.013,55 kg/trip serta tingkat pemanfaatan sebesar 91,69 . Pancing tonda masih dapat dikategorikan layak ramah lingkungan untuk penangkapan ikan cakalang dengan ukuran mata pancing nomor 6 panjang 5,2 cm dan lebar 2,2 cm .

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One of fishery resources in Fishery Management Area 573 Indian Ocean, South of Java is skipjack tuna. The fish is a pelagic fish and economically importance. The catches showed decreasing tendency during period 2008 ndash 2016. This implied that there were overexploitation on skipjack tuna fishing, especially the ones that used the troll line fishing, so as affect the availability of fish resources. This study was conducted to know the selectivity fishing gear of skipjack tuna in June ndash August 2016. Some aspects of biology, ecology, fishery of skipjack tuna were analyzed.

The results showed that the fishing season of skipjack tuna occurred in Southeast monsoon, especially during upwelling time in June - October at Indian Ocean, South of Java Island. In general, skipjack tuna were caught in mature condition at 41 ndash 45 cm FL, it means that the fishes were already spawning before caught. The MSY of skipjack tuna found was about 230,813.9 kg year with CPUE optimum 1,013.55 kg trip, effort optimum were 228 trips and the utilization rate was about 91.69. It is suggested that troll line fishery for skipjack tuna still have a good opportunity environmentally friendly to be developed with hook size number 6 length 5,2 cm and width 2,2 cm."

"Skipjack tuna is an important species targeting by pole and line fishery in Bone Bay. The distribution and abundance of this species tended to aggregate to the preferred bio-physical environments. To describe the short term relationship between skipjack tuna and oceanographic conditions and to visualize the predicted high catch areas, remotely sensed satellite based-oceanographic sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a together fisheries data were used. Results indicated that the highest skipjack CPUEs were mainly found in coastal areas of Palopo and Kolaka both in 2007 and in 2009 during the period of study. The high tuna concentrations corresponded well with chlorophyll-a of 0.15-0.40 mg mg-3 and SST of 29.0-31.5 °C. The preferred ranges provide a good indicator for initially detecting potential skipjack fishing grounds. This study suggested that thermal and chlorophyll fronts as well as upwelling may important mechanisms in explaining the temporal and spatial dynamics of skipjack tuna distribution and abundance in Bone Bay."

"Ikan tongkol lurik Euthynnus affinis, (Scombridae) merupakan ikan besar yang banyak tertangkap di perairan Laut Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi sebaran ukuran ikan tongkol, panjang pertama kali tertangkap, hubungan panjang-berat, pola pertumbuhan, kebiasaan makanan, nisbah kelamin, Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG), Indeks Kematangan Gonad, fekunditas dan diameter telur ikan tongkol yang didaratkan di PPI Labuan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Mei, Juni, dan September 2012.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran frekuensi panjang cagak ikan tongkol yang ditangkap berkisar 38-69 cm ( x = 50 cm). Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap 47,8 cm dengan panjang cagak ikan yang paling banyak tertangkap berkisar 49-51 cm. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan tongkol bersifat allometrik negatif. Ikan tongkol memakan ikan pelagis kecil, cumi dan teri. Nisbah kelamin antara ikan jantan : betina (1:1,4). Tingkat Kematangan Gonad ikan termasuk TKG III dan IV hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan dalam masa pemijahan. Indeks Kematangan Gonad rata-rata adalah 4,55%. Faktor kondisi berkisar antara 1,38-2,22. Fekunditas telur berkisar antara 852.000 - 2.056.609 butir dengan rata-rata 1.352.382 butir. Sedangkan diameter telur berkisar 1,28 - 1,8 mm.

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Eastern little tuna Euthynnus affinis (Scombridae) is a pelagic fish which caught excessively in the Java Sea waters. The objective of this research is to determine the composition of these tuna size distribution, lenght at first capture, length-weight relationship, growth pattern, food content, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonado stomatic index, fecundity and eggs with diameter of their kind of fish caught and landed in PPP Labuan. Sampling was conducted in May, June and September 2012.The results showed that the frequency distribution of fork lenght caught ranged 38-69 cm (x =50 cm). Size of lenght at first capture is 47.8 cm and most of them ranging from 49-51 cm. Length-weight relationship is allometric negative. The food of this fish species are small pelagic fish, squid and anchovies. Sex ratio the male: female (1:1.4). Gonad maturity level of fish at TKG III and IV indicating that the fishes are in the spawning seasons. Gonad Maturity Index is 4.55%. The condition factor ranged from 1.38 to 2.22. Fecundity ranged from 852,000 - 2,056,609 eggs (average 1,352,382 eggs). While the eggs diameter ranged from 1.28 to 1.8 mm."