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"ABSTRACTXylitol is a five-carbon polyol sugar. It has many healthy benefits and is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and healthcare. Natural sources with abundant carbon such as lignocellulose can be used for xylitol production. One of the potencial sources with high prevalency in Indonesia is water hyacinth. It is known as weeds and has not been fully utilized by people. The aim of this research was the utilization of water hyacinth which contains hemicellulose as a substrate in the bioconversion of xylose into xylitol by yeast cells Debaryomyces hansenii. Stages of processing include the optimization of water hyacinth hydrolysis using autohydrolysis method and optimization of fermentation conditions. Xylose and xylitol were determined by HPLC with RI detector and LiChrosorb® NH2 (4 mm x 125,00 mm, 5μm) column. Acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) was used as a solvent. 20 μL sample volume was injected at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and room temperature. The results showed that optimum conditions for the acquisition of xylose were obtained through autohydrolysis methods for 75 minutes with 1:15 water hyacinth and water ratio and posthydrolysis for 45 min using 4% sulfuric acid. Xylose concentration in hydrolyzate obtained was 25.55 g/L. The optimum fermentation condition for xylitol production was achieved by four day cultivation, limited aeration condition, and addition of metal ions CaCl2.2H2O 0.01%. The yield of xylitol obtained using those conditions was 77.43 %. "

"As a prolactin antagonist, dopamine binds to its receptor D2 and suppresses the secretion of prolactinfrom the pituitary gland. Required ligand that can interact with receptor so that dopamine can nolonger bound to its receptor. Ligands empirically derived from plants and have been proven toincrease human lactation. In silico study using molecular docking technique to identify ligandinteraction with dopamine D2 receptor (PDB: 1I15). The best posing and binding energy (ΔG) wereanalyzed and ranked to get potential dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor. Binding energy of apigenin,luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin with PDB: 1I15 gives value respectively -5.90, -5.67, -5.64, -5.28, -4.36 kcal/mol. Interaction occurred between the ligand and amino acid residue ASN 192,PRO 204, SER 209 formed hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction with HIS 189."

"The objective of the study is to synthesize of 2-(phenylamino)methyl-2-nitro-4(3H)-quinazolinone and their derivatives under microwave irradiation. Solution of 2-bromomethyl-6-nitro-4(3H)-quinazolinone, aniline or subtituted aniline and pyridine was irradiated under modified home microwave completed with reflux condensor. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data. The results showed that the reactions for 7 minutes in power level 30 to give corresponding 2-(phenylamino)methyl-2-nitro-4(3H)-quinazolinones in facile and good yield "

"ABSTRACTXylitol is five-carbon polyol sugar which widely used as a sweetener in food and pharmaceutical.Xylitol production by chemical procedures using high pressure and temperature also neededextensive purification are less cost-effective in production. Fermentation which has more advantageswith lower cost due tocheaper substrate and the non-necessity of xylose purification. The purposes ofthis research were to find optimum condition for xylitol production with particular variable such assubstrate concentration, aeration, methanol and nitrogen sources addition. Oil palm empty fruitbunch hydrolyzates containing xylose was fermented into xylitol by Debaryomyces hansenii UICC Y-276 at room temperature. Fermentation was carried out at 200 rpm for 72 hours. Then, xylose andxylitol were determined by HPLC with RI detector and LiChrosorb® NH2 (4 mm x 125,00 mm, 5μm)column. Acetonitrile-water was used as a solvent, 20 mL sample volume was injected at flow rate of1,0 mL/min at room temperature. The optimum fermentation conditions was obtained in a state ofsemi-anaerobic condition (1 : 2.5) with 10,0 % (w/v) xylose concentration. Meanwhile with theaddition of various concentration of methanol and nitrogen sources, it was obtained that 1,5 %methanol and 0,5 % ammonium sulfate gave high yield of xylitol production. The best result for yieldxylitol production was 31,83 %."

"ABSTRACT

Malaria is one of problematic infectious diseases worldwide. The absence of an effective vaccine and the spread of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium clearly indicate the necessity for the deveploment of new chemotherapeutic agents. Recent method being developed is searching a new drug of antimalarial using in silica screening, or also know as virtual screening. One of enzyme target that important for growth of the malaria parasite is P/asmodium /a/ciparum Enoyl' Acyl Canier Protein Reductase (PfENR). Inhibition of this enzyme cause the fatty acid biosynthesis type ll will be tem1inated. In this research, in silica screening was performed using GOLD softwa,<;_ to find inhibitor candidates of PfENR by using I igands from the natural compound database of Medicinal Plants in Indonesia. On the GOLD software moleculer docking experiments were perfom1ed between ligands and macromolecule target PfENR. This target that has been optimized with residue removal and charges addition. Ligand is expected to be the PfENR inhibitors. Based on the results obtained from the in silico screening there were S inhibitor candidates which expected to be developed as an antimalarials. These compounds \\"ere Kacmpferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1-3)-rhamnosyl- (1-6)­glucoside, Cyanidin 3.5-di-(6-1mlonylglucoside), 8-Hydroxyapigenin 8-(2",4"­disulfatoglucuronidc). Epigallocmechin 3.5.-di-O-gallate, a··;d Querceti.r1 3.4'-dimethyl ether 7-alpha-L- Arabinofuranosyl-(1-6)-glucoside with the GoldScore ranged from 80,63 to I 00,4 I."

"ABSTRACT

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retroviral virus that causes deadly disease, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The virus that mutates so fast, causes no drugs available to cure this disease totally yet. One of enzyme targets that can be inhibited to block the replication of this virus is HIV-1 protease. Inhibition to this enzyme causes the blocking of protein cleavage in virus maturation process. Several xanthone compounds from Garcinio mongostono Linn., a-, 􀀪-. dan y­mangostin, have shown inhibition activity to this enzyme. The structure, which is non-peptide based, gives possibility to different mechanism than other inhibitors. This research's aim is to search the binding modes of mangostin analogues. The method used in this research is in silica molecular docking. The result shows that there are two binding modes with higher affinity in the hydrophobic pocket active site (llG AutoDock 4 = (-9,64)-(-9.89) kcal/mo!; llG AutoDock Vina= (-8,7)-(-9,4) kcal/mo!) and molecular surface site which still shows good affinity (llG AutoDock 4 = (-5,85)·(-6,06) kcal/mol; llG AutoDock Vina = (-5,3)·(·5,9) kcal/mol)."

"Molecular dynamic simulation is one field of science that uses computer as a resource for computational methods to calculate the number of forces acting within a molecular system and analyzing its movement. This simulation is useful for the discovery of drug compounds from an illness. This study uses Gromacs as molecular dynamics application which is running on cluster computing environment. A significant speed up is obtained during the experiments. "

"Explains the identification of molecular targets via cellular assays, reporter genes or transgenic models, as well as surveying recent advances in the synthesis, separation and analysis of drugs. A special section is devoted to molecular genetics methods. "

"This book includes papers presented at SOCO 2018, CISIS 2018 and ICEUTE 2018, all held in the beautiful and historic city of San Sebastian (Spain), in June 2018. Soft computing represents a collection or set of computational techniques in machine learning, computer science and some engineering disciplines, which investigate, simulate, and analyze highly complex issues and phenomena. After a rigorous peer-review process, the 13th SOCO 2018 International Program Committee selected 41 papers, with a special emphasis on optimization, modeling and control using soft computing techniques and soft computing applications in the field of industrial and environmental enterprises. The aim of the 11th CISIS 2018 conference was to offer a meeting opportunity for academic and industry researchers from the vast areas of computational intelligence, information security, and data mining. The need for intelligent, flexible behaviour by large, complex systems, especially in mission-critical domains, was the catalyst for the overall event. Eight of the papers included in the book were selected by the CISIS 2018 International Program Committee. The International Program Committee of ICEUTE 2018 selected 11 papers for inclusion in these conference proceedings"