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" Fractures are a common finding in children and it is estimated that 2.1% of all children will suffer at least one fracture before the age of 16. With young children in particular, the question may arise if this is related to child abuse. The aim of this book is to help physicians involved in child abuse cases to interpret radiological findings in light of the forensic circumstances under which they occurred. The authors present up-to-date literature related to the mechanisms underlying non-accidental cases of trauma. In this book not only the radiological findings in child-abuse are discussed, but more importantly, these findings are analyzed from a forensic perspective. Careful attention is paid to evidence regarding reported trauma mechanisms and their clinical outcome; for example, can a fall from a couch result in a femoral fracture, and if not, where is the supporting evidence?"

"A virtopsy (virtual autopsy) is a minimally invasive alternative that can produce an efficient autopsy. The range of technologies employed in virtopsies include computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and 3D photogrammetry and surface scanning.Charred, badly decomposed, or mummified corpses, as well as those restrictions forced upon coroners by certain religious sects, often make autopsies impossible to perform. In addition, lack of manpower among the personnel charged with performing autopsies frequently creates a backlog of cases in the coroner's office. This delay increases the likelihood that causes of death will go undetermined and criminal perpetrators will go unpunished. The solution can be found in what has come to be known as the virtopsy®, a minimally invasive and efficient way to perform an autopsy."

"Written by leading orthopedic surgeons, this superbly illustrated pocket guide helps you expertly diagnose, classify, and, most importantly, manage every type of fracture and ligamentous injury commonly seen in clinical practice"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan variasi nilai kuat arus tabung terhadap kejelasan anatomi tulang wajah dan dosis radiasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental. Data diambil dari empat variasi penggunaan nilai arus tabung (mA) 200 mA, 150 mA, 100 mA dan 50 mA dengan parameter yang lain konstan. Dosis radiasi diukur dengan CTDI. Gambar dinilai oleh responden yang terdiri dari 20 (duapuluh) Dokter Spesialis Radiologi yang tidak menyadari tentang pengaturan kuat arus tabung pada gambar yang dihasilkan. Kualitas gambar dianalisis dengan metode skoring pada 8 (delapan) kriteria anatomi. Palatum, struktur trabekula tulang dan kortex, sinus paranasal, dinding orbita lateral dan medial, orbital roof dan orbital floor, zygomatic, nasal cavity dan ethmoid dinilai dengan skor 1 jika tidak jelas, skor 2 jika jelas dan skor 3 jika sangat jelas. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada keempat kelompok dalam menentukan kejelasan anatomi tulang wajah berdasarkan sistem skoring yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dosis radiasi dari penilaian CTDI menunjukkan bahwa dosis dapat dikurangi sebesar 75% pada penggunaan kuat arus tabung 50 mA atau 11,40 mGy dari arus protokol standar 200 mA atau 45,61 mGy. Hal ini sangat penting untuk mengurangi resiko kebutaan pada lensa mata.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the variation of tube current of the clarity of the facial bones anatomy and radiation dose. This research is an experimental study. Data were taken from four variations use the value of tube current (mA) 200 mA, 150 mA, 100 mA and 50 mA with the other parameters constant. CTDI measured radiation dose. Images assessed by respondents consisted of 20 (twenty) Radiology Specialists who are unaware of the settings on the tube current of the resulting image. The image quality was analyzed by the method of scoring in 8 (eight) anatomical criteria. Palate, structure of trabecular bone and cortex, paranasal sinuses, lateral and medial orbital wall, orbital roof and orbital floor, zygomatic, nasal cavity and ethmoid assessed with a score of 1 if it is not obvious, a score of 2 if it is clear and score 3 if very clear. There is no significant difference in the four groups in determining the clarity of the facial bones anatomy based on the scoring system used in this study. Radiation dose from CTDI assessment showed that the dose can be reduced by 75% in the use of tube current of 50 mA or 11.40 mGy of 200 mA current standard protocol or 45.61 mGy. It is very important to reduce the risk of blindness in the eye lens."