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Rizqi Assyifa Fauzia
"Latar belakang: Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang umum terjadi, termasuk pada anak-anak di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi karies gigi pada anak adalah pola pemberian makan, yaitu ASI dan PASI.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan Early Childhood Caries ECC pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Kelurahan Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama.
Metode: Desain cross-sectional secara analitik observasional. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah dengan convenience sampling. Data pola pemberian makan dan perilaku membersihkan gigi diambil melalui wawancara dengan ibu subjek oleh pewawancara yang telah dikalibrasi. Pemeriksaan karies gigi anak dengan menggunakan indeks defs dan pemeriksaan indeks plak dilakukan oleh dua orang dokter gigi yang telah dikalibrasi.
Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi sulung pada 165 anak adalah sebesar 83. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pemberian kolostrum p=0,017, ASI eksklusif p=0,028, frekuensi ASI p=0,001, dan lama kontak gigi dengan ASI p=0,049 terhadap skor karies gigi sulung anterior. Tidak ada variabel ASI yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap karies gigi sulung posterior p ge;0,05. Usia awal diberikannya PASI menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap karies gigi sulung anterior dan posterior p=0,001; p=0,041. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jenis makanan atau minuman setelah gigi erupsi p=0,020 dan frekuensi susu formula p=0,005 dengan karies gigi sulung anterior. Frekuensi MP-ASI tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan karies gigi sulung anterior dan posterior p=0,963; p=0,591.
Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian makan anak yang meningkatkan skor karies gigi sulung anterior maupun posterior adalah usia awal diberikannya PASI, yaitu sebelum usia 6 bulan.

Background: Caries is one of the most common oral problems, including in children in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence the occurrence of caries is child's feeding methods, like breastfeeding and complementary feeding.
Aim: To obtain information about the relationship between child's feeding method and early childhood caries in children aged 3 5 years old.
Method: Analytic observational with cross sectional design. The sampling method is convenience sampling. The data of child's feeding method and oral hygiene behavior was obtained through interviewing the mother. Caries examination was done using defs assessment.
Result: The prevalence of ECC in 165 children is 83. There are significant differences between colostrum p 0,017, exclusive breastfeeding p 0,028, breastfeeding frequency p 0,001, and length of contact time between teeth and breastfeeding milk p 0,049 with anterior primary teeth caries. None of the breastfeeding methods has significant difference with posterior primary teeth caries p ge 0,05. Age of initiation of complementary feeding has a significant difference with anterior and posterior primary teeth caries p 0,001 p 0,041. There are significant differences between the type of complementary food after first tooth eruption p 0,020 and frequency of infant formula p 0,005 with anterior primary teeth caries. Frequency of complementary feeding has no significant difference with anterior and posterior primary teeth caries p 0,963 p 0,591.
Conclusion: Child's feeding method which increases early childhood caries'score in both anterior and posterior teeth is the age of initiation of complementary feeding, which is before six months old.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2017
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rezky Fauziah Permatasari
"Latar belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi dan keparahan yang tinggi dan menyerang seluruh negara termasuk Indonesia. Karies gigi juga dapat terjadi sejak dini pada anak prasekolah dan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak tersebut.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat karies anak prasekolah dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan mulut di Kelurahan Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan.
Metode: Desain cross-sectional secara analitik observasional. Sebanyak 200 anak prasekolah umur 3-5 tahun dipilih dengan teknik purposive dan dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut untuk menilai skor deft, defs serta menentukan status karies oleh 2 dokter gigi yang sudah dilatih. Kualitas hidup dinilai melalui wawancara kuesioner ECOHIS ke 165 ibu anak.
Hasil: Prevalensi karies pada 165 anak umur 3-5 tahun adalah sebesar 83 dengan nilai defs 14.8 SD17,6 dan deft 6,2 SD5,2. Pola distribusi karies pada anak usia 3-5 tahun paling banyak ditemukan di gigi insisif sentral dan lateral maksilla dan pola karies hampir simetris antar rahang. Berdasarkan hasil uji Cronbach - 0,868, test-retest 0,968 , dan perbandingan r-hitung tiap item dengan r-tabel, kuesioner ECOHIS versi Bahasa Indonesia reliabel dan valid. Frekuensi item kuesioner ECOHIS ditemukan terbesar di item nyeri mulut pada gigi/mulut pada anak 38,2 serta rasa bersalah pada keluarga 30,3. Uji dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji deskriptif, korelasi Spearman, uji Kruskall-Wallis dan uji Mann-Whitney U. Nilai korelasi tertinggi r=0,4 ditemukan pada item nyeri mulut dan gigi pada anak dan rasa bersalah pada keluarga dengan skor deft dan skor d pada defs anak. Hubungan status karies dan kualitas hidup baik yang berdampak ke anak dan keluarga ditemukan bermakna.

Background: Dental caries has become a major global oral health problem with high prevalence and severity, including Indonesia. Dental caries can develop early in preschool children and will affect their quality of life.
Aim: To assess the relationship between the severity of caries in preschool children and their oral health related quality of life in Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan.
Method" Analytic observational with cross sectional design. A purposive sample of 200 children aged 3 5 years underwent a clinical oral examination to assess their deft and defs score and to determine their caries status by 2 trained dentists. Quality of life is assessed using ECOHIS by interviewing a total of 165 mother's child.
Results: The prevalence of ECC in 165 children aged 3 5 years old is 83 with overall defs score 14.83 SD 17.6 and deft score 6.2 SD 5.2. The tooth distribution pattern of caries in 3 5 years old children mostly affect central and lateral maxillary incisors. Moreover, the caries pattern was almost symmetrical across the arches. The Cronbach 0,868 test retest 0,968 and r count for each item comparison with r table shows that Indonesian version of ECOHIS is a reliable and valid instrument. The most frequent items reported are pain in teeth, mouth and jaw in child 38.2 and feeling guilty in family 30.3. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation, Kruskall Wallis test, and Mann Whitney U test were used. The highest correlation r 0.4 were found in item is pain in teeth, mouth and jaw in child and feeling guilty in family with deft score and d score in defs. There was significant difference between caries status and OHRQoL in terms of impact on both child and family p
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2017
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Merdiana Dwi Trasti
"Sebelum adanya penggunaan susu formula sebagai pengganti ASI, gigi berlubang pada bayi jarang ditemukan.2,19 Dilaporkan pada anak riwayat ASI Eksklusif, karies jarang ditemukan karena mendapat komponen imunitas khususnyaIgA yang dapat memperlambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans.2,11 Pada anak riwayat susu formula komponen imunitas belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar sIgA saliva anak ECC riwayat ASI eksklusif dan susu formula. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 34 anak ECC usia 18-48 bulan yang memiliki skor deft >1, dengan 17 subjek riwayat ASI eksklusif dan 17 subjek riwayat susu formula. Seluruh subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan skor deft, dan dilakukan pengukuran sampel saliva dengan ELISA. Rerata skor deft anak ECC kelompok riwayat ASI eksklusif lebih rendah dibanding susu formula. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar sIgA saliva anak ECC antara riwayat ASI eksklusif dan susu formula (p=0,004).

Time before formula feeding has been found, baby tooth decay is definitely rare.2,19 Studies reported, children with exclusive breastfeeding have low caries as they have immunity component, specifically IgA, which may exhibits colony of S.mutans.2,11Meanwhile, immunity component of children with formula feeding is barely unknown. This study aimed to analyze the difference of quantity salivary sIgA Early Childhood Caries (ECC) children between exclusive breastfeeding and formula feeding history. Saliva samples were collected from 34 ECC children aged 18-48 months who have deft score >1, both exclusive brestfeeding and formula feeding history group are 17 subjects each. Deft score were examined, and quantity of salivary sIgA were assesed by ELISA. Deft score mean of exclusive breastfeeding history group is lower than formula feeding history group. There is a significant difference quantity salivary sIgA ECC children between exclusive breastfeeding and formula feeding history (p=0,004)."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Greta Putri Arini
"Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit menular kronis yang paling
umum pada anak-anak usia prasekolah. Bentuk agresif karies gigi pada gigi sulung anak
di bawah, sampai dengan usia 71 bulan disebut dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC).
Indonesia melaporkan prevalensi dan keparahan ECC yang tinggi hingga mencapai angka
90%. DKI Jakarta memiliki prevalensi sebesar 81,2%. Faktor risiko utama ECC yaitu
host (gigi dan saliva), mikroorganisme kariogenik, dan karbohidrat (substrat).
Mikroorganisme kariogenik yang berperan yaitu Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian di
Jakarta pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies, menunjukkan bahwa serotipe f
merupakan jenis yang paling banyak di temukan (85,5%), diikuti dengan serotipe c
(74,2%), serotipe e (22,6%) dan serotipe d (19,4%). Penelitian lainnya di Jakarta
menemukan bahwa kombinasi serotipe c dan f lebih tinggi pada anak yang memiliki
karies. Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan f berperan dalam patogenesis karies gigi, hal
tersebut sesuai dengan tingginya tingkat karies gigi di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor host
yaitu saliva, merupakan cairan tubuh yang kompleks yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur
organik dan anorganik yang penting untuk kesehatan rongga mulut. Komposisi protein
saliva seperti Lactoferrin sangat penting karena memiliki kemampuan antibakteri serta
berperan dalam sistem imun bawaan dan adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
menganalisis kadar Lactoferrin saliva antara anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dan
bebas karies pada usia 3-5 tahun. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong
lintang analitik secara laboratorik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 14 anak dengan ECC
dan 14 anak bebas karies. Saliva didapat dari seluruh subjek dan kadar LF diukur
menggunakan metode ELISA sandwich. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann
Whitney U menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Lactoferrin anak
ECC dan anak bebas karies dengan nilai p=0,006 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar
Lactoferrin saliva anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) lebih tinggi dari anak bebas karies
yang menunjukkan bahwa Lactoferrin dapat menjadi indikator peningkatan risiko Early
Childhood Caries (ECC).
Backgrounds: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in
preschool children. The aggressive form of dental caries in the primary teeth of children
under and up to the age of 71 months is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesia
reports a high prevalence and severity of ECC (90%). DKI Jakarta has a prevalence
81.2%. The main risk factors for ECC are hosts (teeth and saliva), cariogenic
microorganisms, and carbohydrates (substrates). The cariogenic microorganisms that
play a role are Streptococcus mutans. Research in Jakarta on children aged 3-5 years who
had caries, showed that serotype f was the most common type (85.5%), followed by
serotype c (74.2%), serotype e (22.6%) and serotype d (19.4%). Another study in Jakarta
found that the combination of serotypes c and f was higher in children with caries.
Streptococcus mutans serotypes c and f play a role in the pathogenesis of dental caries,
which is consistent with the high level of dental caries in Indonesia. One of host factor,
saliva, is a complex body fluid consist of organic and inorganic elements that are
important for oral health. Salivary protein such as Lactoferrin is very important because
it has antibacterial ability and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune
system. The purpose of this study is to analyze Lactoferrin levels between Early
Childhood Caries (ECC) and caries-free children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The design
of this study is cross-sectional analytical laboratory. This study was conducted on 14
children with ECC and 14 caries-free children. Saliva were taken from all subjects and the
Lactoferrin levels were measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysis
using the Mann Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences between
the levels of salivary Lactoferrin in children with ECC and caries-free children with pvalue
0,006 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Salivary Lactoferrin levels in Early Childhood
Caries (ECC) were higher than caries-free children which indicate that Lactoferrin can
be an indicator of an increased risk of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Winanda Annisa Maulitasari
"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis
multifaktorial yang sering terjadi pada anak usia pra sekolah. Data penelitian
mengatakan sebanyak 65% anak usia 3-5 tahun mengalami ECC dan pada sebuah
penelitian di Jakarta tahun 2016 menunjukkan indeks def-t sebesar 7,5 pada anak usia 5
tahun sedangkan pada penelitian yang dilakukan di Bandung pada tahun 2017
didapatkan indeks def-t sebesar 7,04. Berdasarkan RISKESDAS tahun 2018, sebanyak
81,5% anak mengalami karies dengan indeks def-t sebesar 6,2 pada anak usia 3-4 tahun
dan indeks def-t sebesar 8,1 pada anak usia 5 tahun. Dalam terjadinya ECC, salah satu
faktor yang berperan dalam proteksi dari terjadinya karies gigi adalah saliva yang di
dalamnya terkandung protein saliva seperti lysozyme yang berperan dalam mekanisme
proteksi rongga mulut dari bakteri Gram-positif. Pada beberapa penelitian, kadar
lysozyme saliva berhubungan dengan skor def-t. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar
lysozyme saliva pada anak ECC dan bebas karies usia 3-5 tahun serta berdasarkan
tingkat karies. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian merupakan potong lintang analitik secara
laboratorik. Subjek penelitian adalah 14 anak ECC dan 14 anak bebas karies usia 3-5
tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel whole saliva tanpa stimulasi
dikumpulkan dari subjek penelitian kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kadar lysozyme
dengan uji ELISA teknik sandwich. Hasil: Kadar lysozyme saliva pada anak ECC lebih
tinggi daripada kelompok anak bebas karies serta kadar lysozyme saliva pada anak
dengan tingkat karies tinggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok anak dengan
tingkat karies rendah, secara statistik dinyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna
antara kadar lysozyme saliva anak ECC dan bebas karies usia 3-5 tahun (p < 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Kadar lysozyme saliva lebih tinggi pada anak ECC dibandingkan dengan
bebas karies usia 3-5 tahun dan peningkatan kadar lysozyme saliva terjadi pada anak
dengan tingkat karies tinggi.

Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of common chronic multifactorial
diseases affecting preschool children. Previous study showed 65% of children aged 3-5
years experience ECC and a research in Jakarta in 2016 showed def-t index of children
aged 5 years was 7.5. According to research in Bandung in 2017 showed def-t index
was 7.04. Based on Basic Health Research in Indonesia (RISKESDAS) in 2018, 81.5%
of children experienced caries with def-t index 6.2 in children aged 3-4 years and 8.1 in
children aged 5 years. In the occurrence of ECC, one of the factors that play role in the
protection of dental caries is saliva, which contains salivary protein such as lysozyme
that play a role in the mechanism of protecting oral cavity from Gram-positive bacteria.
In several studies, salivary lysozyme levels were associated with def-t score. Objective:
To analyze differences in salivary lysozyme levels in ECC and caries-free children aged
3-5 years and based on caries levels. Methods: This study is a laboratory analytical
cross-sectional study. Subjects were 14 ECC children and 14 caries-free children aged
3-5 years that in line with the inclusion criteria. Unstimulated whole saliva were
collected from subjects. Salivary lysozyme levels were measured by ELISA sandwich
method. Results: Salivary lysozyme levels in ECC children was higher than in cariesfree
and salivary lysozyme levels in children with high caries level higher than in
children with low caries level, it was statistically stated that there was a significant
differences between the levels of lysozyme in children with ECC and caries-free
children aged 3-5 years (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Salivary lysozyme levels were higher in
ECC children compared to caries-free children aged 3-5 years and increased levels of
salivary lysozyme occurred in children with high caries level.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Moon Ju Yon
"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak. Saliva berkaitan penting dengan patogenesis ECC dan protein saliva kemungkinan mempunyai kaitan dengan kejadian ECC. Tujuan: Menganalisis level protein saliva yang diisolasi dari anak dengan ECC Metode: sampel saliva yang terstimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi diambil dari anak ECC. Konsentrasi protein saliva ditetapkan dengan metoda Bradford assay. Hasil: tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi protein saliva tersimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi pada anak dengan ECC (two tail test, p≤0.05).

Background: Early Childhood Caries ( ECC ) is one of the common health problems in children. Saliva has connection with the occurence of ECC and salivary proteins is probably related to the occurrence. Objective: to Analyze the level of proteins isolated from stimulated and unstimulated saliva taken from children with ECC. Methods: stimulated an unstimulated saliva samples were taken from children, age 3-5 years old, with ECC. Salivary protein levels were determained using Bradford Assay. Results: there is no consentration difference between protein consentration in stimulated and unstimulated saliva in children with ECC ( two- tail test, p≤0.05)"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Pindobilowo
"Latar belakang : Salah satu tindakan pencegahan Early Childhood Caries (ECC) adalah perbaikan status gizi anak karena dengan perbaikan status gizi anak maka gigi tahan terhadap karies serta didukung oleh pola konsumsi kariogenik dan peran ibu dalam mencukupi gizi selama masa kehamilan.
Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis hubungan status gizi anak terhadap terjadinya ECC.
Metode : Cross-sectional pada 287 anak usia 6-48 bulan, wawancara, dan pemeriksaan intraoral.
Hasil : Status gizi anak adalah variabel yang sesuai dalam pencegehan ECC karena merupakan salah satu variabel prediktor yang baik terhadap terjadinya ECC.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan status gizi anak terhadap terjadinya ECC.

Background : One prevention ECC is improving thr nutritional status of children from the womb due to the improvement of the nutritional status of the children's teeth are resistant to caries and is supported by the pattern of consumption of cariogenic and role of adequate nutrition in the mother during pregnancy.
Purpose : To see the relationship to the nutritional status of children Early Childhood Caries (ECC).
Methods : Cross-sectional study on 287 children aged 6-48 months, interview, and examination intraoral.
Results : Nutritional status of children is appropriate variables in the prevention of ECC because it is one of the predictor variables were either against the ECC.
Summary : There is a relationship to the nutritional status of ECC
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bayu Farhan Suhada
"Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan.

Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Gita Ariffa Sjarkawi
"[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Cara pemberian makanan pada balita sedikit banyak
dipengaruhi oleh tradisi budaya di suatu daerah tertentu. diantaranya adalah tradisi
nasi papah atau seringkali juga disebut nasi papak yang masih banyak dilakukan
oleh para ibu di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, diantaranya di kabupaten Lombok
Timur, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Tradisi nasi papah adalah nasi yang telah
dikunyah dan dilumatkan terlebih dahulu sebelum diberikan kepada balita. Dari
segi kesehatan terutama kesehatan mulut, hal ini berisiko terhadap terjadinya
Early Childhood Caries(ECC). Perilaku tersebut dapat menyebabkan transmisi
mikroorganisme S.mutans dari mulut ibu ke mulut anak.Tujuan: Untuk
mengetahui kontribusi tradisi nasi papah terhadap risiko terjadinya Early
Childhood Caries. Metode :Desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional
dengan jumlah total sampel subyek penelitian sebanyak 186 anak berusia 6 – 60
bulan yang didampingi oleh ibunya, yang bertempat tinggal di Desa Senyiur,
Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pemeriksaan Intra Oral
dilakukan untuk mengukur karies gigi ibu dan anak dengan menggunakan indeks
DMFT/deft dan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai perilaku dan
pengetahuan kesehatan mulut ibu dan anak dilakukan wawancara pada ibu dengan
menggunakan kuesioner. Semua data yang terkumpul dianalisa menggunakan uji
Chi Square dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Risiko perilaku nasi papah terhadap
ECC adalah 5,46 (OR 5,46;CI 95% 4,24-36,55, p<0,001) dengan kontribusi
terhadap risiko ECC sebesar 41,8%. Kesimpulan: Tradisi nasi papah
berkontribusi terhadap risiko terjadinya ECC.

ABSTRACT
Background:The infant feeding practices usually affected by cultural tradition
especially in rural areas in Indonesia. One of that tradition is Nasi Papah or
sometimes called Nasi Papak, which one of that were done by mothers at East
Lombok regency , West Nusa Tenggara Province. Nasi papah is define as feeding
practice between mother to their infant through pre chewed rice by mother before
the food given to their child. For oral health, this behaviour is one of risk factors
for ECC, where vertical transmission frequently transmitted S.mutans from
mother to child through salivary contact. Aim: To analyzing the contribution of
nasi papah tradition towards occurence risk of Early Childhood Caries.
Materials and Methods: This study using cross sectional design with total
sampels are consists of 186 children between 6 – 60 months old accompanied by
his/her mother, whose living at Senyiur village,East Lombok regency,West Nusa
Tenggara Province. The intra oral examination had been done for valued caries
experience through DMFT/deft index and informations about oral health
behaviour and mother knowledges related to oral health derived from mothers
through questionnare and data analyzed by Chi Square and logistic regression
tests.Results:Risk of nasi papah tradition towards ECC has OR 5,46 (CI 95%
4,24-36,55. P<0,001)) and the contribution of this behaviour to ECC was 41,8%.
Conclusion: Nasi papah tradition contributes towards the occurence risk of
Early Childhood Caries., Background:The infant feeding practices usually affected by cultural tradition
especially in rural areas in Indonesia. One of that tradition is Nasi Papah or
sometimes called Nasi Papak, which one of that were done by mothers at East
Lombok regency , West Nusa Tenggara Province. Nasi papah is define as feeding
practice between mother to their infant through pre chewed rice by mother before
the food given to their child. For oral health, this behaviour is one of risk factors
for ECC, where vertical transmission frequently transmitted S.mutans from
mother to child through salivary contact. Aim: To analyzing the contribution of
nasi papah tradition towards occurence risk of Early Childhood Caries.
Materials and Methods: This study using cross sectional design with total
sampels are consists of 186 children between 6 – 60 months old accompanied by
his/her mother, whose living at Senyiur village,East Lombok regency,West Nusa
Tenggara Province. The intra oral examination had been done for valued caries
experience through DMFT/deft index and informations about oral health
behaviour and mother knowledges related to oral health derived from mothers
through questionnare and data analyzed by Chi Square and logistic regression
tests.Results:Risk of nasi papah tradition towards ECC has OR 5,46 (CI 95%
4,24-36,55. P<0,001)) and the contribution of this behaviour to ECC was 41,8%.
Conclusion: Nasi papah tradition contributes towards the occurence risk of
Early Childhood Caries.]"
2015
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Vidya Carolyn Tjokrosetio
"Latar belakang: Karies pada gigi sulung antara usia 0-72 bulan dikenal sebagai Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dan merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi tinggi yang disebabkan oleh biofilm. Pada dekade terakhir, jamur Candida albicans banyak ditemukan bersama-sama dengan Streptococcus mutans dalam biofilm yang diambil dari plak gigi anak dengan ECC. Jamur C. albicans dapat meningkatkan derajat keparahan ECC. Pemahaman mengenai hubungan C. albicans dan S. mutans, memberikan perspektif baru untuk terapi yang efektif dalam mengkontrol ECC. Salah satu usaha untuk mencegah dan mengurangi tingkat ECC pada anak adalah dengan menggunakan bahan antimikroba. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan bahan herbal yang memiliki kemampuan antibakteri dan antijamur. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak bawang putih terhadap viabilitas biofilm Candida albicans anak ECC. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro dengan isolat klinis dari plak gigi anak ECC. Ekstrak bawang putih dalam konsentrasi 10%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% dengan kontrol positif berupa CHX 0,2%. Uji viabilitas biofilm dilakukan dengan MTT assay. Hasil: Data statistik dianalisis dengan uji One Way ANOVA. Terdapat  perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik dari viabilitas biofilm ekstrak bawang putih dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih efektif terhadap viabilitas biofilm Candida albicans.

Background: Dental caries on primary teeth in a child 72 of months age or younger is defined as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC has a high prevalences and caused by biofilms. In the past decade, Candida albicans has been frequently detected together with S. mutans in oral biofilms collected from children with ECC. Candida albicans might enhance degree of ECC. Understanding of C. albicans and S. mutans relationship give a new perspective for effective therapy to control ECC. Antimicrobial agent can be used to prevent or as a therapy for ECC. Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the traditional medicine that has antibacterial and antifungal effect. Purpose: To analyzed the effectivity of garlic extract against the viability of C.albicans biofilms in children with ECC. Method: Laboratorium research (in vitro), with plaque sample from children with ECC. Garlic extract in 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and CHX 0,2% as positive control. MTT assay were used to assess biofilms viability. Statistical data were analyzed with the One Way ANOVA test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in the viability of C.albicans biofilms after garlic extract application. Conclusion: This study showed that garlic extract has a positive effect on the viability of C.albicans."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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