Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKKota Pekanbaru merupakan salah satu wilayah terkena oleh kabut asap pada tahun 2015 yang berdampak pada degradasi kualitas udara. Analisis kerentanan pada aspek sensitivitas dibutuhkan sebagai upaya penanggulangan dan mitigasi kabut asap di masa mendatang. Aspek kondisi internal yang dilihat dari kondisi manusia dan kondisi fisik wilayah digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat sensitivitas wilayah. Untuk menganalisis tingkat sensitivitas wilayah dilakukan pembobotan terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan metode AHP dan di analisis dengan Spatial Multi Criteria pada setiap parameter. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengolahan data adalah sensitivitas wilayah terhadap kabut asap di Kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan kondisi fisik wilayah memperlihatkan tingkat yang semakin tinggi di bagian tengah kota sejalan dengan presentase tutupan vegetasi yang rendah, kepadatan bangunan yang cenderung padat dan tata letak bangunan yang cenderung tidak teratur. Berdasarkan kondisi manusia, sensitivitas wilayah memperlihatkan tingkat yang semakin rendah di bagian tengah kota dengan presentase usia sensitif dan presentase mata pencaharian penduduk rendah. Tingkat sensitivitas wilayah terhadap kabut asap di Kota Pekanbaru tidak memperlihatkan kecenderungan yang sama antara kondisi fisik dan kondisi manusia yang terlihat secara jelas di bagian tengah kota; di mana wilayah yang ditinjau dari kondisi fisik memiliki sensitivitas tinggi ternyata memiliki sensitivitas yang rendah berdasarkan kondisi manusianya.

---

ABSTRACTPekanbaru City is one of the areas exposed by haze in 2015 which impact on air quality degradation. Vulnerability analysis on the sensitivity aspect is needed as an effort to mitigate haze in the future. Aspects of internal conditions viewed from the human condition and the physical condition of the region are used to analyze the level of region sensitivity. To analyze level of region sensitivity, the weighting is done using AHP method and analyzed with Spatial Multi Criteria on each parameter. The results obtained from the data processing are the sensitivity of the region to the smoke haze in Pekanbaru City based on the physical condition of the area showing the higher level in the middle of the city in line with the low percentage of vegetation cover, the density of buildings that tend to be solid and the layout of the buildings tend to be irregular. Based on human conditions, the sensitivity of the region shows lower rates in the central part of the city with a percentage of sensitive age and low percentage of livelihoods. The region sensitivity to haze in Pekanbaru City does not show the same tendency between the physical condition and the human condition in the center of the city in which the area under review of the physical condition has a high sensitivity turns out to have a low sensitivity based on its human condition."

"Bencana kabut asap yang terjadi pada tahun 2015 di sebagian wilayah Indonesia merupakan salah satu kejadian terparah setelah kejadian tahun 1997/98. Kota Palembang merupakan salah satu wilayah terkena dampak oleh kabut asap pada tahun 2015. Jumlah kasus ISPA pada bulan Oktober mencapai 20.000 jiwa. Analisis kebencanaan pada aspek sensitivitas dibutuhkan sebagai upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan bencana kabut asap pada masa mendatang. Aspek kondisi fisik wilayah, kondisi sosial, dan kondisi ekonomi penduduk digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat sensitivitas. Tingkat sensitivitas per kelurahan diperoleh dari analisis skoring dan overlay peta setiap aspek . Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengolahan data yakni semakin ke wilayah pusat kota, tingkat sensitivitas Kota Palembang terhadap kabut asap semakin meningkat. Hubungan antara tingkat sensitivitas wilayah terhadap bencana kabut asap dan persentase kasus ISPA di Kota Palembang menunjukkan hubungan kurang selaras (kategori berbeda) pada 65 persen dari seluruh kelurahan.

---

The 2015 Indonesia Haze became one of the worst haze event after 1997/98 haze. Palembang City was one of the affected areas by haze. The number of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) cases reached 20.000 cases. Disaster and risk analysis are needed for future prevention and damage reduction of haze hazards. Analysis of sensitivity level analyzed physical region, social, and economic aspect. Sensitivity level per subdistrict is obtained from scoring and map overlay analysis on each aspect. The results of data processing showed that trend of higher sensitivity level in the downtown area of Palembang City. Crosstab Analysis used to compare and find the correlation between sensitivity level and percentage of ARI cases on each subdistricts in Palembang City from July until November 2015. The result of correlation test of both sensitivity level and percentage of ARI cases showed that the relationship is weakly correlated (within different category) at 65 percent of all subdistricts."

"Penelitan ini membahasas mengenai analisis manajemen pengelolaan sampah yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kebersihan Kota Pekanbaru. Latar belakang dari penelitian ini, ketidaksiapan Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru pada masa transisi penanganan manajemen pengelolaan sampah dari pihak ketiga sehingga menyebabkan adanya timbunan sampah yang tidak terangkut seluruhnya oleh petugas Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kebersihan Kota Pekanbaru karena jumlah sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang mendukung serta masih rendahnya partisipasi dari masyarakat untuk mengelola sampah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis manajemen pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivism dengan metode kualitatif.Hasil penelitian ini yaitu menemukan bahwa manajemen pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pekanbaru masih belum cukup baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari indikator-indikator berikut: jumlah petugas kebersihan yang masih belum memadai; kinerja pegawai yang belum maksimal; penegakan hukum/pemberian sanksi pada pelanggar pembuang sampah belum berjalan; sarana dan prasana pengelolaan sampah yang belum memadai; sistem pengolahan di TPA yang belum menggunakan sistem sanitary landfill; ketersediaan anggaran baik dari penerimaan retribusi dan biaya operasional masih belum memadai serta belum adanya insentif bagi pengguna sampah; dan peran serta masyarakat yang belum sepenuhnya mendukung pelaksanaan pengelolaan sampah baik dari penyediaan wadah sampah, pemilahan dan pembayaran retribusi.

---

This research examines the analysis of waste management which conducted by the Department of Environment and Sanitation Services of Pekanbaru City. The background of this research unpreparedness of Pekanbaru Municipal Government during the transition of handling of garbage management management from third party causing existence of a high piles of waste that are not fully carried by the Environment and Sanitation Services of Pekanbaru City because the lack of human resources, facilities and infrastructure are not support, and there is no awareness from society to manage the waste. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management of waste management in Pekanbaru City. This research uses post-positivism approach with qualitative method.The result of this research is finding that waste management in Pekanbaru City is still not good enough, it can be seen from the following indicators: the number of janitor is still not enough; performance of employees who have not maximized; law enforcement/sanctioning of violators of garbage disposal not yet in operation; facilities and infrastructure of inadequate waste management; a processing system in a landfill that has not yet used a sanitary landfill system; the availability of budget both from the receipt of retribution and operational costs is still not adequate and there is no incentive for users of waste; and community participation that has not fully supported the implementation of waste management from the provision of waste containers, sorting and retribution payments."

"Kekeringan merupakan bencana alam yang terjadi akibat dari kemarau panjang yang tidak terlepas dari adanya pengaruh fenomena El Nino. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen terhadap bencana kekeringan. Melalui perhitungan statistik dan pemetaan data spasial, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa tingkat sensitivitas wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen terhadap bencana kekeringan baik berdasarkan kondisi iklim selama 30 tahun (1985-2014) ataupun pada tahun 2015 memiliki tingkat sensitivitas yang sama yaitu terdiri dari tingkat sensitivitas yang 'rendah' dan 'sedang'. Akan tetapi, tingkat sensitivitas wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen terhadap kekeringan yang 'sedang' jauh lebih luas pada tahun 2015 daripada tingkat sensitivitas wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen berdasarkan kondisi iklim selama 30 tahun (1985-2014). Sehingga adanya pengaruh fenomena El Nino di Kabupaten Kebumen pada tahun 2015 tergolong kuat. Sebaran wilayah yang memiliki tingkat sensitivitas yang 'rendah' umumnya terdistribusi di bagian tengah hingga utara Kabupaten Kebumen. Sedangkan, tingkat sensitivitas wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen terhadap kekeringan yang 'sedang' umumnya terdistribusi di bagian tengah hingga selatan terutama di daerah pesisir selatan Kabupaten Kebumen.

---

Drought is a natural disaster that occurred as a result of the long dry that can't be separated from the influence of El Nino phenomenon. This research aims to determine the region sensitivity of Kebumen Regency against drought. Through statistical calculations and mapping of spatial data, this research reveal that level of the region sensitivity of Kebumen Regency against drought is same between based on climatic conditions for 30 years (1985-2014) and 2015 that consists of region sensitivity level of 'low' and 'moderate'. However, the region sensitivity level of Kebumen Regency on drought 'moderate' is much wider in 2015 than the region sensitivity level of Kebumen Regency based on climatic conditions for 30 years (1985-2014). So, the effect of El Nino phenomenon in Kebumen Regency in 2015 relatively strong. Distribution of areas that have region sensitivity level 'low' is generally distributed from the middle to northern of Kebumen Regency. Meanwhile, the region sensitivity level of Kebumen regency 'moderate' is generally distributed from the middle to southern, especially in the southern coastal of Kebumen Regency."

"ABSTRAKPerubahan dan perkembangan kota tidak luput dari eksistensi konflik, yang pada gilirannya pastinya bisa mengarah pada lahirnya kejahatan di daerah perkotaan, itu juga bisa ditemukan di Kota Pekanbaru. Tingginya jumlah kejahatan di suatu wilayah, jumlah jenis kejahatan tertentu yang terjadi pada sekelompok orang tertentu, adalah semakin banyak fenomena dalam masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian semi-etnografi dalam mengumpulkan data penelitian, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksamaan struktural yang dirasakan oleh orang-orang yang tinggal di Kampung Dalam dan Pangeran Hidayat Kota Pekanbaru menempatkan mereka dalam posisi yang kurang menguntungkan. Banyaknya arena budaya yang mengharuskan seseorang untuk menunjukkan kesuksesannya tetapi cara untuk merayakan kesuksesan tidak sama tersedia di kota telah menyebabkan ketidakpercayaan cara yang dilembagakan dengan cara yang tersedia untuk mencapai tujuan budaya, kemudian melakukan kejahatan sebagai entitas merupakan alternatif untuk memuaskan keinginan untuk mencapai budaya tujuan. Keberadaan kejahatan di kedua wilayah ini mengalami kesinambungan karena terjadinya transmisi nilai-nilai kejahatan dari generasi ke generasi. Di mana tradisi kenakalan dan kejahatan ditransmisikan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Meskipun tidak dapat di samaratakan bahwa seluruh masyarakat yang berada di kedua wilayah ini adalah pelaku kejahatan atau mendukung aksi kejahatan, namun meraka dapat menerima keberadaan pelaku kejahatan maupun kejahatan itu sendiri yang berada di wilayah ini

---

ABSTRACTChanges and developments of the city can not shake off from the conflict existence, which in turn can certainly lead to the birth of crime in urban area, it also can be found in Pekanbaru City. The high amount of crimes in a region, the amount of certain types of criminality committed to a particular group of society, is a growing amount of phenomena in society. This research uses semi ethnographic research methods in collecting data, this study shows that structural inequality felt by society whose living in Kampung Dalam and Pangeran Hidayat Pekanbaru puts them in a disadvantage. The multitude of culture arenas that require a person to show his success but the way to show it is not same, available in the city has led to distrust of institutionalized ways in the way available to achieve cultural goals, then do crime as an entity is an alternative to satisfying the desire to achieve a goal culture. The existence of crime in these two areas is continuous because of the transmission of evil values from generation to generation. Where the tradition of delinquency and evil is transmitted from one generation to the next. Although it can not be asserted that all society in these two areas are perpetrators of the criminality or support the criminality, they can accept the existence of the perpetrators of the criminality as well as the criminality in the territory."

"Ulkus diabetikus merupakan komplikasi menahun yang paling banyak bagi penderita diabetes melitus, baik ditinjau dari lamanya perawatan, biaya tinggi yang diperlukan untuk pengobatan yang menghabiskan dana tiga kali lebih banyak dibandingkan tanpa ulkus. Antibiotik merupakan pilihan yang digunakan untuk terapi infeksi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perbaikan klinis dari pasien, dan faktor apa yang paling mempengaruhi, dan mengevaluasi sensitifitas dari antibiotik terhadap kuman terbanyak yang menginfeksi ulkus diabetikus. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional retrospektif. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 87 sampel yang berasal dari data rekam medis pasien yang mengalami ulkus diabetikus pada tahun 2013-2014. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari usia, derajat luka, perubahan jenis antibiotik, perubahan dosis antibiotik, faktor yang paling mempengaruhi perbaikan klinis adalah perubahan dosis (p = 0,017) dan lama rawat (p = 0,036). Kuman penginfeksi terbanyak adalah Acinetobacter baumanii complex (21,8%) diikuti oleh Klebsiela pneumonia (20,7%), dan Eschericia coli (10,3%). dari ketiga kuman penginfeksi, hanya Eschericia Coli yang masih menunjukkan sensitifitas yang baik terhadap antibiotik yang digunakan sebagai pilihan terapi di RSUD Arifin Achmad, Pekanbaru.

---

Diabetic ulcer is the most chronic complications for people with diabetes, both in terms of duration of treatment, the high costs required for treatment, which cost three times more than without ulcers. Antibiotics are the treatment options that used for infection. The study aims to determine the factors that influence the clinical improvement of the patient, and what factor most influence, and evaluate the sensitivity of antibiotics against bacteria that infect ulcers diabeticus. Design study is a cross-sectional retrospective. This research takes 87 samples were used as a sample. Population are from the medical records of patients who experienced ulcer in the year 2013-2014. Statistical test used was chi-square. The results showed that of the age, the degree of injury, changes in types of antibiotics, antibiotic dosage changes, the factors that most influence the clinical improvement is the dosage’s change (p = 0.017) ang Length of stay (p = 0,036) and the most bacteria that infected the wound were Acinetobacter baumannii Complex (21.8%) followed by Klabsiela Pneumonia (20.7%), and Escherichia coli (10.3%), and from the three germ that infected most, only Escherichia coli which still shows good sensitivity to antibiotic that used as a therapeutic option in the Arifin Achmad Hospital in Pekanbaru."

"Selama ini penataan perkotaan kurang memperhatikan kondisi internal dan aspek penyesuaian diri terhadap bencana yang sering melanda permukiman kumuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan sebaran permukiman kumuh dan menganalisis tingkat sensitivitas dan kapasitas adaptif permukiman kumuh terhadap bencana banjir dan kebakaran secara spasial. Sebaran permukiman kumuh diperoleh melalui metode interpretasi foto udara dan metode Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat sensitivitas dan kapasitas adaptif. Hasil analisa menunjukkan permukiman kumuh tersebar pada sempadan sungai, sempadan rel kereta, sekitar daerah pertanian/RTH, sekitar kompleks perumahan, sekitar daerah komersil dan sekitar TPA. Permukiman kumuh dengan tingkat sensitivitas tinggi dan kapasitas adaptif rendah terhadap banjir terkonsentrasi di sempadan sungai. Tingkat sensitivitas tinggi dan kapasitas adaptif rendah terhadap kebakaran terpusat pada permukiman kumuh di sekitar TPA.

---

All this time the arrangement of the urban is lack of attention to internal conditions and aspects of adapt to the disasters that often plagued slums. This study aims to reveal the spread of slums and inform the level of sensitivity and adaptive capacity of slum against floods and fires spatially. The distribution of slums obtained through aerial photos interpretation method and Multi Criteria Evaluation method (SMCE) method used to analyze the level of sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

The result shows slums spread across the border river, the border railway, near a commercial area, near the landfill, in an agricultural area/green space and around the housing complex. Slums with high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity against floods is concentrated in the border river. Slums with high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity to fires concentrated near landfill."

"Kota Bekasi merupakan salah satu Kota yang berada di wilayah Metropolitan Jadetabek. Kota Bekasi memiliki tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi dan memiliki 443 ha permukiman kumuh yang tersebar pada 118 lokasi. Permukiman kumuh pada penelitian ini dibedakan berdasarkan tipologi yaitu daerah komersil, perumahan penduduk, ruang terbuka hijau, sempadan rel kereta api, sempadan sungai, dan dekat TPA. Dari 118 lokasi pemukiman kumuh dilakukan sampling pada 33 titik yang tersebar merata dan mewakili masing-masing tipologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode AHP dan spatial multi criteria SMC untuk mengetahui tingkat sensitivitas kebakaran di permukiman kumuh. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan analisis menunjukan bahwa permukiman kumuh dengan tingkat sensitivitas tinggi berada di sekitar wilayah komersil, tingkat sensitivitas sedang cenderung berada di sekitar wilayah komersil, sempadan sungai, dan rel kereta api. Sedangkan tingkat sensitivitas rendah cenderung berada di sekitar wilayah ruang terbuka hijau dan sekitar perumahan.

---

Bekasi City is one of the City that located in Jabodetabek Metropolitan area. Bekasi has a high population density and has 443 ha of slums area that spread in 118 locations. Slum settlements in this study are distinguished by typology of commercial areas, housing complex, green spaces, railway borders, river borders, and near landfill. Out of 118 slum dwellings, 33 samples were scattered and represented each typology. This research uses AHP method and Spatial Multi Criteria SMC to know slum rsquo s sensitivity level agains fires. Based on the results of data processing and analysis shows that slums with high sensitivity is around the commercial area, the medium level of sensitivity are around commercial areas, river borders, and railway lines. While the low sensitivity tends to be around the green space and housing complex."

"A big potential of Bank Syariah market (Research in Potential and Community preference toward Bank Syari'ah in 2006) and basic concept of Bank Syari'ah have fulfilled the needs of community, so, Indonesian Bank in 2002 issued the regulations of Indonesia Bank No. 4/1/PBI/2002 dated march, 21st, 2002 about the extension of Bank activities in conventional become public Bank which is based on syari'ah principles, and opening Bank office is based on Public Conventional Bank.Bank Syari'ah could be developed in the future if it will not only promote moral values and focus on the aspect of religious emotion, but it should be focused on the reality of economy to complete conventional Bank and it is supported by correctly comprehension from social either deal with principles, product or any kinds of services which are offered and other things that reflect to Bank Syariah. Therefore, any good products, and good services offered will not touch community if their comprehension is still ambiguity about Banks Syari'ah.The correct comprehension of Bank Syariah is not only coming from Moslem, but also from non Moslem, mainly non Moslem who come from low economy will become a potential market for customer of Bank Syari'ah, one of customers is from Tionghoa community. The comprehension of Bank Syari?ah by Tionghoa community will be shown from their perception and attitude to the Bank Syariah itself.The perception of customers to the product will be influenced by their attitude and automatically to their action. Perception has an impact to marketer strategies, because the customers will decide which product should be felt by them than reality objectively. Meanwhile, attitude is one of crucial concepts, which is used by marketer to understand the customers by comprehending customers' attitude. Marketer can decide the properly action which is related to their product. Besides, customers' attitude is essential factor and it will impact to customer decision to buy or not the product and services offered. There are three market segments; they are conventional, floating mass and Shariah loyalist. The customers of Bank Syariah is categorized into three groups namely; groups which dealt with emotional and loyalist, rational customer, and the unity between rational and emotion.Perception is the process through which individuals are exposed to information, attend to that information, and comprehend. Perception they are exposure model, attention model and coprehension model.The sample in this research used 100 people. And data analysis method is proposed to recognize Tionghoa's community perceptions against syariah banking which is conducted by using descriptive analysis. To analyzed Tionghoa community attitude towards syariah banking by using Fisbein Multi Attribute Model.Based on the result of research analyses which have been conducted, it is shown, the majority of Tionghoa community who lived in Pekanbaru city assume that Bank Syariah is not the same as conventional Bank. Sharing profit as the bank applied is not equal to interest system in conventional bank. Tionghoa's community has a positive attitude to Bank Syariah, which has that community is taking well of syariah banking principle and product. The factor that most influence Tionghoa community in choosing Bank is safety from the Bank itself.Based on the research analyses in this study, it could be suggested to Bank Syariah as in the following:- It takes much more vigorous efforts for syariah bank and on its way own to distribute and introducing syariah banking to Tionghoa society in Pakanbaru city, through even promotion, advertising or other marketing activity. Such as, disposing an image that syariah bank is only performing their services for most moslem or any islamic terms applications that equipped and enriched with a most common and popular in society ect.- A systematic and strategic paces of syariah banking part, would be needed so that Tionghoa society could be directed and so forth, embraced them to be their partner or business counterpart to syariah bank. For instance, firstly, through rewarding to non-moslem customer or even their own business counterpart. Secondly, to bring forward profesionalism aspect of syariah bank dan their customer services.- Everything that emerge convenience and secure of possibility of lost either as customer or business counterpart should be done directly or non directly thorugh financial independent or third party of management."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan masalah yang hampir setiap tahunnyaterjadi di provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan data AQMS kota Pekanbaru, konsentrasi PM10mengalami peningkatan hingga level berbahaya pada saat terjadinya bencana kebakaranhutan tersebut. Sementara SO2 masih berada pada level ISPU sedang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kenaikan pajanan PM10 akibatkebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Desain penelitian yang digunakanadalah cross sectional study dan dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2016 ? Juni 2016. Sampelpenelitian sebanyak 97 orang pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Melur dan Puskesmas Rejosariperiode kebakaran hutan tahun 2015 (September ? Oktober 2015). Hasil penelitian pajananPM10 selama 4 hari tidak signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian hipertensi di KotaPekanbaru tahun 2015. Berdasarkan tingkatan ordinal, kategori pajanan PM10 pada tingkattidak sehat memiliki OR terbesar yaitu 2,65 (CI 95% 0,48 ? 14,56), kategori sangat tidaksehat OR sebesar 2,22 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5) dan kategori berbahaya OR 1,69 (CI 95% 0,05? 50,83). setelah di kontrol variabel konfounding yaitu indeks masa tubuh (IMT),pendidikan, jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat keluarga yang menderita hipertensi.

---

ABSTRACTLand and forest fires was a problem that almost occur in the Riau Province everyyear. Based on Air Quality Monitoring Sytem (AQMS) data in Pekanbaru, theconcentration of PM10 increased to dangerous level during fire forest episode. While SO2still at the moderate level. This objective of this study was to determine the relationshipPM10 exposure during land and forest fires in 2015 with hypertension. This design study ofresearch was cross sectional study and was conducted in February 2016 - June 2016. Thesample was 97 outpatient Rejosari health centers and Melur health centers during fire forestperiod in 2015 (September-October 2015). Results of research PM10 exposure for 1 to 8days was not statistically significant with hypertension in Pekanbaru city in 2015. Underthe ordinal level, exposure category PM10 at unhealthy levels that have the greatest riskwith OR 2.65 (95% CI 0,48 ? 14,56), the category very unhealthy OR of 2.22 (CI 95%0,34 ? 14,5) and hazardous category OR 1.69 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5), after being controlledby the variables of body mass index (BMI), education, gender, age, and family history ofhypertension."