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"Probably since the mid-1980s, corporate governance has attracted a great deal of attention from corporate managers and investors protection has become a much more important issue for all financial markets after recent firm failures and scandals. Especially important for all with an interest in how organizational governance is formed around socially responsible and accountable ways of leadership and management, this book provides new insights into various issues regarding business management and governance, and points to ways for businesses to make a real change for the betterment of the world, especially in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis 2007/2008."

"Peran Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) sebagai alat mitigasi risiko telah menjadi topik penting dalam studi keuangan, namun masih sedikit yang meneliti arah hubungan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh risiko sistematis terhadap kinerja ESG dengan mempertimbangkan peran moderasi Rule of Law pada perusahaan publik non-finansial di ASEAN-5 selama periode 2019-2024. Sampel penelitian mencakup 164 perusahaan dengan total 984 observasi, menggunakan data skor ESG dari LSEG Data & Analytics (Refinitiv) dan indeks Rule of Law dari World Justice Project. Regresi data panel dengan model Random Effect dan Robust Fixed Effect digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko sistematis, yang diukur dengan koefisien Beta, berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja ESG agregat serta pada pilar Environmental dan Social, namun tidak signifikan pada pilar Governance. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa faktor eksternal lebih berdampak pada pilar Environmental dan Social yang menuntut fleksibilitas operasional dan alokasi sumber daya secara langsung, dibandingkan dengan pilar Governance yang cenderung bersifat lebih struktural dan kaku. Selain itu, Rule of Law terbukti secara signifikan memoderasi hubungan antara risiko sistematis dan kinerja ESG agregat, mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas institusi hukum yang lebih baik dapat melemahkan dampak negatif risiko sistematis terhadap kinerja keberlanjutan perusahaan.

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The role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors as a tool for risk mitigation has become an important topic in finance studies; however, the reverse relationship remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of systematic risk on ESG performance while considering the moderating role of the Rule of Law in non-financial publicly listed companies across the ASEAN-5 countries during the 2019-2024 period. The sample consists of 164 companies with a total of 984 observations, utilizing ESG scores from LSEG Data & Analytics (Refinitiv) and the Rule of Law Index from the World Justice Project. Panel data regression with Random Effect and Robust Fixed Effect models is employed to analyze the relationships among variables. The findings reveal that systematic risk, measured by the Beta coefficient, has a significant negative effect on aggregate ESG performance as well as on the Environmental and Social pillars, but no significant effect on the Governance pillar. These results indicate that external factors have a greater impact on the Environmental and Social pillars, which require operational flexibility and direct resource allocation, compared to the Governance pillar, which tends to be more structural and rigid. Furthermore, the Rule of Law is found to significantly moderate the relationship between systematic risk and aggregate ESG performance, suggesting that stronger legal institutions can weaken the negative impact of systematic risk on corporate sustainability performance."

"ABSTRAKSuatu Perseroan Terbatas memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mencari profitsebanyak-banyaknya. Namun, selain tanggung jawab tersebut ada suatu tanggungjawab yang melampaui tanggung jawab ekonomi semata, yaitu tanggung jawabPerseroan terhadap stakeholders-nya yang disebut sebagai Corporate SocialResponsibility (CSR). Namun di Indonesia, pengaturan tentang CSR masihbanyak menuai pro dan kontra. CSR secara internasional dipahami sebagai suatutanggung jawab perusahaan kepada stakeholder-nya yang bersifat voluntary. DiIndonesia, sifatnya telah bergeser menjadi mandatory yang dicerminkan melaluiwujud peraturan dan perundangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakanmelalui metode yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan meninjau Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas, Peraturan Pemerintah, dan Peraturan Daerah tentangCSR, ditemukan banyak pergeseran sifat CSR yang menimbulkan banyakpermasalahan pada implementasinya. Permasalahan tersebut paling banyakditemui pada berbagai Peraturan Daerah yang berbeda-beda pengaturannya,misalnya pada aspek pembiayaan, penetapan sanksi yang terlalu ketat, dan lainsebagainya. Hal ini berpotensi dapat merusak iklim investasi di Indonesia karenatidak adanya kepastian hukum dalam mengimplementasikan CSR. Kurangnyakesatuan pemahaman terhadap maksud, tujuan, dan prinsip dari CSR merupakanpemicu kesalahpahaman dari implementasi CSR. Sehingga ada baiknya jikaregulator di Indonesia berpedoman pada pemahaman CSR yang diakui melaluiberbagai pedoman intrernasional seperti UN GlobalCompact, ISO 26000, danOECD Guidelines.

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ABSTRACTA limited liability company has a responsibility to gain profit as much as possible.Beside the responsibility as stated before, there is another responsibility thatexceeds the economic responsibility, which is the responsibility to look after thestakeholders of the company, known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).However, the law of CSR in Indonesia reap many of the pros and cons. CSR isinternationally understood as a company?s responsibility to its stakeholder under avoluntary characterized. However, the CSR?s character in Indonesia is turned intomandatory characterized which can be found under Indonesia?s rules andregulations. Through an analytical juridical method, this research is conducted byreviewing Indonesian Company Law, Government Regulation, and several LocalRegulations about CSR, found a lot of shifted character on CSR that caused manyproblems in the implementation. Most of the common problems are encounteredunder various of Local Regulations? arrangement, for the examples on thefinancing, punishments, and many other aspects. These problems may potentiallyjeopardize the investment atmosphere in Indonesia because the lack of legalcertainty in implementing the CSR. The lack of the unity of the concepts, purposeand objects, and also the basic principles of CSR became the trigger of the missedimplementation of CSR. Therefore, it will be good if Indonesian legislative boardare following the CSR concept and understandings under international guidancesuch as The UN Global Compact, ISO 26000, and The OECD Guidelines."

"ABSTRAKDisamping umumnya praktik Corporate Social Responsibility CSR PADA banyak perusahaan di Indonesia, masih sedikit penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi CSR, terutama faktor terkait karakteristik direksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh confidence direksi terhadap CSR yang dilakukan perusahaan melalui pendekatan motif keputusan CSR sebagai alat investasi dan manajemen resiko reputasi. Dengan menggunakan skor Environmental, Social, and Governance ESG ASSET4 sebanyak 37 perusahaan dari tahun 2012 sampai 2016, serta proksi confidence berbasis investasi dan media, peneliti menemukan pengaruh positif confidence direksi terhadap CSR. Hasil ini konsisten setelah melakukan analisis sensitivitas menggunakan model CEO.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to test the effect of Directors Confidence on Corporate Social Responsibility CSR. There are two motives of directors in conducting CSR, namely investment and hedging motives. This study use ASSET4 rsquo s Environmental, Social, and Governance ESG to measure CSR, which have not been widely used in CSR previous studies. Investment based and media based measurement are used to measure directors rsquo confidence. Total observations of this study are 185 firm years for the period of 2012 to 2016. This study finds that higher Directors confidence increases CSR disclosure, which support the investment motive."

"Tanggung Jawab Sosial Korporat telah menjadi tren yang semakin berkembang untuk diterapkan di banyak perusahaan di dunia, termasuk industri berbasis jasa yang sengaja mengimplementasi kegiatan sosial untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan dari program tanggung jawab sosial korporat yang dilakukan Gran Melia Jakarta sebagai perusahaan berbasis jasa dengan sudut pandang keterlibatan stakeholder. Penelitian ini menganalisa perkembangan dan kebijakan dan program tanggung jawab sosial, serta bagaimana bentuk keterlibatan stakeholder. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapat pemahaman, kebijakan, dan tantangan-tantangan utama dalam melaksanakan program tanggung jawab sosial korporat. Pengidentifikasian stakeholder utama dieksplorasi untuk menanggapi kebutuhan dan harapan dari stakeholder terhadap program tanggung jawab sosial korporat. Penelitian ini pada akhirnya mencari lebih dalam pengembangan dari program tanggung jawab sosial korporat dan mengarahkan patella selanjutnya supaya dapat melihat faktor-faktor unik dalam kelompok stakeholder saat menganalisa tanggung jawab sosial korporat. Sedangkan praktisi diharapkan dapat mengembangkan dan menerapkan hubungan-hubungan antara perusahaan dan stakeholder untuk keuntungan bersama melalui penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini. Wawancara secara mendalam digunakan untuk mengakses persepsi orang, pengertian-pengertian suatu situasi dan konstruksi dari kenyataan melalui pertanyaan yang diajukan dan dikembangan berdasarkan jawaban atau respon dan narasumber. Data sekunder yang dapat dianalisis terdiri dari literature, kebijakan dan laporan perusahaan, kliping, jumal, foto, dan rekaman program. Merujuk pada program yang dilaksanakan pada 2005, semua narasumber yang merniliki kredibilitas tinggi dipilih untuk mewakili masing-masing kelompok stakeholder yang terlibat. Tanggapan dan jawaban mereka akan dianalisa terutama dengan menggunakan model proses keterlibatan stakeholder dan kerangka konsep lain yang berhubungan.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been a growing trend among corporations throughout the world, including service-based ones that deliberately implement social program to achieve a certain goal. This study reports findings from a research of CSR conducted by Gran Melia Jakarta as a service-based company with the stakeholder engagement perspective It analyses the extent of CSR policy and program and how the company is engaged to its stakeholders. The research provides company's understanding and policy of CSR and its key challenges in conducting CSR. Key stakeholders identification is explored in order to response to the needs and expectations of stakeholders toward the CSR program. Finally, it considers possible CSR improvements exploration and further research for academic purpose especially in finding distinctive factors within stakeholder groups to consider when examining and analyzing corporate social responsibility, whilst practitioners will find how to develop and utilize relationships between a corporation and its stakeholders for mutual benefit through the research that is done with a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews are used to access people's perceptions, meanings, definition of the situation and construction of reality through open-ended questions. Secondary data to analyze comes from literatures, corporate policies and reports, clippings, journals, photographs, and program records. Specifically referred to projects conducted in 2005, all credible informants are selected to represent each group involved in the CSR program. Their responses will then be analyzed mainly through stakeholder engagement process model and other related conceptual frameworks."

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh modal sosial terhadap implementasi CSR Ternak Mandiri PT Badak NGL. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial memiliki pengaruh terhadap implementasi CSR Ternak Mandiri; semakin tinggi modal sosial maka semakin tinggi tingkat keberhasilan implementasi CSR Ternak Mandiri; terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara modal sosial dan implementasi CSR Ternak Mandiri. Peneliti menyarankan perusahaan harus lebih ketat dalam pengawasan CSR; penguatan modal sosial dalam CSR dapat berguna bagi keberlanjutan perusahaan.

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This thesis discussed about the effects of social capital and the CSR implementation in PT Badak NGL's Ternak Mandiri program. The research method is quantitative method with descriptive design. The result of this research shows that social capital has a relationship with the implementation of CSR Ternak Mandiri; the higher the social capital, the higher the success rate of implementation of CSR; There is a low relationship between social capital and CSR implementation of Ternak Mandiri. Researcher suggest that the company need to be more rigorous on monitoring the CSR; strengthening social capital in CSR can be useful for corporate sustainability."