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"Invasion Dynamics depicts how non-native species spread and perform in their novel ranges and how recipient socio-ecological systems are reshaped and how they respond to the new incursions. It collects evidence for grouping patterns of spread into four types and three associated phenomena, discusses candidate explanations for each pattern, and introduces analytic tools for capturing and forecasting invasion dynamics. Special attention is given to the potential mechanisms of boosted range expansion and nonequilibrium demographic dynamics during invasion. The diverse mechanisms that drive direct and mediated biotic interactions between invaders and resident species are elucidated, and triggers of potential regime shifts in recipient ecosystems are identified. It further explores the ways in which local and regional species assemblages are reshuffled and reorganized. Efficient management of invasions requires not only insights on invasion dynamics across scales but also objective assessment of ecological and economic impacts, as well as sound protocols for prioritizing and optimizing management effort. Biological invasions, therefore, involve more than the actions of invaders and reactions of invaded ecosystems; they represent a co-evolving complex adaptive system with emergent features of network complexity and invasibility. Invasions are thus a formidable force that acts in concert with other facets of global change to initiate the adaptive wheel of panarchy and shape the altered biosphere in the Anthropocene."

"Interest in the temporal fluctuations of biological populations can be traced to the dawn of civilization. How can mathematics be used to gain an understanding of population dynamics? This monograph introduces the theory of structured population dynamics and its applications, focusing on the asymptotic dynamics of deterministic models. This theory bridges the gap between the characteristics of individual organisms in a population and the dynamics of the total population as a whole. In this monograph, many applications that illustrate both the theory and a wide variety of biological issues are given, along with an interdisciplinary case study that illustrates the connection of models with the data and the experimental documentation of model predictions. The author also discusses the use of discrete and continuous models and presents a general modeling theory for structured population dynamics. Cushing begins with an obvious point: individuals in biological populations differ with regard to their physical and behavioral characteristics and therefore in the way they interact with their environment. Studying this point effectively requires the use of structured models. Specific examples cited throughout support the valuable use of structured models. Included among these are important applications chosen to illustrate both the mathematical theories and biological problems that have received attention in recent literature."

"Hideyoshi Toyotomi memulai misinya untuk menyatukan Jepang di bawah kepemimpinannya sepeninggalan Nobunaga Oda. Setelah berhasil menguasai sebagian besar wilayah Jepang, Hideyoshi Toyotomi memiliki visi untuk menguasai kekaisaran Ming di Tiongkok, namun sebelum bisa masuk ke wilayah Ming, pasukan Hideyoshi harus bisa menguasai kekaisaran Joseon di Korea.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang membuat Hideyoshi dan pasukannya menyerbu Joson. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskripsi analitik. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain, faktor pendorong invasi Hideyoshi Toyotomi ke Joseon adalah ambisi yang kuat dari Hideyoshi untuk memimpin Asia; Ajaran Sinosentrisme yang dianut oleh Joseon dan Ming yang memandang rendah Jepang; Walau pada akhirnya Jepang tidak berhasil masuk ke Ming, namun ketidaksiapan Joseon dalam menghadapi serangan Jepang membuat Joseon mengalami kerugian yang besar.

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Hideyoshi Toyotomi began his mission to unify Japan under his leadership after the death of Nobunaga Oda. Following his success of conquering most of Japan, Toyotomi aimed to bring the Ming Empire in China under his rule. However, before he could enter Ming Empire’s territory, his forces needed to conquer the Joseon Empire in Korea. The aim of this research is to elaborate the causes behind the invasion of Joseon by Toyotomi’s forces, whereas the method employed is analytical description. This research discovers that Toyotomi’s ambitions to conquer Asia are what led him to invade Joseon; that the Sinocentrism doctrine adopted by Joseon and Ming looked down on Japan; and that while Japan’s forces failed to make it to Ming Empire, Joseon’s unpreparedness to the invasion brought upon its forces huge casualties."