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"This book explores Madan Mohan Malaviyas long-term involvement in the politics of Indian nationalism. Drawing on a variety of sources ranging from public documents to the private papers of other leading nationalists of the time, the book looks at the changing nature of the Indian freedom movement by focusing on what Malaviya did, whom he relied on for support, and how he saw his own actions and role in Indian public life. It examines whether Malaviyas career resulted in certain changes in Indian politics and, if so, in what directions, or whether it exploited existing forces of change in politics and society. It also considers various stages of Malaviyas leadership and his ability to retain and wield authority, as well as his relationship with his followers, the Indian National Congress leadership, the Sikh leaders, and various leaders and workers of the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha. It investigates the means of communication between them, the barriers and contradictions, and tries to assess the way they influenced one another. Finally, the book investigates how the method and manner of Malaviyas nationalist propaganda and some of the campaigns that he launched influenced the different communities across India."

"ABSTRAKFreedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan Uni Eropa yang bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi warga UE dan warga nonUE, untuk bergerak secara bebas, baik sementara maupun permanen, di wilayah Schengen. Namun demikian, apabila dilihat dari waktu ke waktu, masih ditemukan perdebatan serta permasalahan, khususnya dalam penerapannya. Oleh karena itu, Tugas Karya Akhir ini bertujuan untuk meninjau literatur yang membahas penerapan konsep freedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen. Dalam pengorganisasian literatur, penulis menggunakan metode kronologi dan taksonomi. Melalui metode kronologi, literatur terbagi ke dalam empat periodisasi mengenai penerapan freedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen; di antaranya: [1] awal tahun 1990-an, integrasi Eropa dan ambiguitas posisi hukum warga nonUE, [2] pertengahan tahun 1990-an, restriksi dan diskriminasi terhadap warga nonUE, [3] tahun 2000-an, implikasi agenda enlargement di wilayah Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur, [4] tahun 2011-2015, isu pencari suaka dan pengungsi pasca Arab Spring dan krisis pengungsi. Sedangkan dalam metode taksonomi, terdapat peningkatan penggunaan sudut pandang politik dan keamanan oleh scholars dalam membahas topik tersebut. Lebih lanjut, sebagian besar literatur melihat bahwa penerapan konsep freedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen menjadi semakin restriktif dan diskriminatif terhadap warga nonUE.

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ABSTRACTFreedom of movement within Schengen system aims to facilitate the movement of individuals-both EU-nationals and non-EU nationals-either for temporary or permanent purpose. However, from time to time, there are still debacles and problems, especially regarding its implementation. Therefore, this literature review aims to analyze the evolution on the implementation of freedom of movement within Schengen system. For the literature organization, the writer used chronology and taxonomy as its method. Chronologically, literatures regarding the implementation of freedom of movement within Schengen system were divided into four periodization; they were: [1] early 90s, European integration and ambiguity of the legal position of non-EU nationals, [2] mid 90s, restriction and discrimination towards non-EU nationals, [3] 2000s, the implication of EUs enlargement agenda in Central and Eastern Europe, [4] 2011-2015, asylum seekers and refugee at the time of Arab Spring and refugee crisis. In addition to that, there was increasing intensity of scholars using both political and security perspectives in discussing the topic. Furthermore, most of the literatures captured that the implementation of freedom of movement within Schengen system had turned out to be more restrictive and discriminative towards non-EU nationals."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang ancaman separatis yang ditimbulkan Oleh Gerakan Papua Merdeka terhadap kedaulatan NKRI. Keticlakpuasan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Papua sejak paska penjajahan Belanda menimbulkan keinginan untuk memisahkan diri dari Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Beragam pcnycbab munculnya keinginan untuk memisahkan diri tersebut, salah satu yang utama karena masyarakal Papua menganggap bahwa pemerinlah pusat bclum mampu menycjahtcrakan rakyat Papua. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain dcskriptif analitis dan penelitian intelijen stratejik. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan kepacla pcmcrintah pusat bahwa ketidakpuasan masyarakat Papua dapat mcngancam stabilitas dan kedaulatan NKRI. Keinginan untuk memisahkan diri tersebut muncul sebagai akibat dari adanya ketidakpuasan, marjinalisasi budaya dan sosial, ekplorasi SDA, pelanggaran HAM serta adanya dukungan dari dunia intcmasional. Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu menerapkan stratcgi kebijakan yang tepat untuk mengeliminir Gcrakan Papua Merdeka.

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This thesis discusses about separatist threat posed by Papua Freedom Movement against sovereignty ot`NKRI. Dissatisfaction felt by the people of Papua from Dutch colonial post raises a desire to secede from The Republic of Indonesia. Various causes emerge of the desire to secede, one of the main because of the Papuan people assume that the central govemment has not been able to provide welfare for the Papuans. This study was a qualitative research with descriptive analysis design and strategic intelligence research.

The results of this study suggest to the central government that the dissatisfaction of the Papuans could threaten the stability and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. The desire for secession is emerging as a result of dissatisfaction, social and cultural marginalization, exploration of natural resources, human rights violations and the support from the intemational community. Therefore, govemment needs to implement appropriate policy strategies to eliminate the Papua Freedom Movement."