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"ABSTRAKHow can performance management influence management influence public sector agencies to improve their performance? This question has long been the subject of intense discussion among scholars. It is often the case that public sector units have no motivation to improve beyond the minimum level required to stay safe and can also result in unambitious average syndrome.A similar phenomenon potential to arise with the introduction of the Minimum service Standards (MSS) for local authorities within Indonesia's decentralised system. Through the decentralisation policy, which was launched in 1999, the central government has devolved most public service decision-making to local authorities. As a concequence of this policy, inequality has grown, reflecting different capacities and motivations of local government. Yet, the central government has (in principle) a reserve power to intervene and enforce these minimum standards. Thus, instead of a set target or rank for local government, MSS was introduced as a form of compromise between the central and local governments in relation to the minimum quality of service in health and education that should be delivered by local governments.This paper attempts to assess the influence of public sector performance management on the motivation of local public-sector agencies to improve their performance. There are two main research questions. Firstly, what is the influence of MSS on the motivation of public sector agencies to improve their performance in delivering services? Secondly, how far does the concept of an unambitious average syndrome explain the outcomes attained? Semi-structured interviews with 80 informants in central and local government, as well as scholars, non-government organisations and international agencies were used in data collection, with thematic analysis used for data analysis.In terms of the results, the influence of MSS on the motivation of local government to improve their performance hardly fits with the idea of the 'unambitious average syndrome'. MSS seems only to motivate improvements in performance among those local governments whose current achievement fall just below the required standard. They are motivated only to pass and deliver just above the required standard. MSS, however, does not appear to motivate local governments delivering either above or well below the standards"

"Pelayanan kesehatan orang terduga TB merupakan salah satu standar pelayanan minimal (SPM) bidang Kesehatan yang harus dipenuhi oleh pemerintah Kab/Kota. Puskesmas merupakan unit terdepan dalam pencapaian target kinerja SPM bidang Kesehatan. Capaian SPM TB di kota Depok tahun 2021 baru mencapai 36,17 % dan menjadi capaian terendah kedua dari 12 SPM bidang Kesehatan Kota Depok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara mendalam aspek struktur, aspek proses peningkatan mutu dan kinerja  dengan pendekatan PDSA (Plan-do-study-act) serta output dalam upaya peningkatan capaian pelayanan kesehatan orang terduga TB di Puskesmas Kota Depok Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan desain studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 31 informan, observasi lapangan dan telusur dokumen. Hasil penelitian, belum semua Puskesmas menetapkan Tim TB Dots, kurangnya tenaga yang terlatih,sarana-prasarana belum semua  sesuai standar, bahan-obat belum memadai, penggunaan teknologi informasi belum optimal, komitmen pimpinan dan staf masih kurang. Pada faktor proses, kegiatan upaya peningkatan capaian SPM TB pada tahapan study belum semua Puskesmas melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap capaian SPM TB.Pada output; terjadi peningkatan capaian  pelayanan orang terduga TB pada tahun 2022 dibandingkan tahun 2021, namun belum semua Puskesmas dapat mencapai target  SPM TB yang ditetapkan.  Kesimpulan: faktor struktur dan proses peningkatan mutu dan kinerja yang dilakukan berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan dalam pencapaian SPM TB di Puskesmas.

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The health service for people suspected of having TB is one of the minimum service standards (MSS) in the health sector that must be met by the district/city government. The Public Health Center is the leading unit in achieving the MSS performance targets in the health sector. TB MSS achievement in Depok city in 2021 only reached 36.17% and became the second lowest achievement of the 12 MSS in Depok City Health. The aim of this study was to analyze in depth aspects of the structure, aspects of the quality and performance improvement process using the PDSA (Plan-do-study-act) approach as well as outputs in an effort to increase the achievement of health services for people suspected of having TB at the Depok City Health Center in 2022. This research used a qualitative approach using a case study design through in-depth interviews with 31 informants, field observations and document searches. The results of the study, not all Public Health Centers have established TB Dots Teams, lack of trained personnel, not all facilities are up to standard, medicinal materials are not adequate, use of information technology is not optimal, leadership and staff commitment is still lacking. In terms of process factors, not all Public Health Centers have conducted monitoring and evaluation of TB MSS achievements at the study stage. On output; there has been an increase in the achievement of services for people suspected of having TB in 2022 compared to 2021, but not all Public Health Centers have reached the set TB MSS target. Conclusion: structural factors and quality and performance improvement processes carried out influence success in achieving TB MSS at the Public Health Centers."

"Angka Kematian Ibu dan Bayi masih menjadi perhatian nasional dan global. Bahkan penurunan angka kematian ibu dan bayi masih menjadi prioritas daerahdaerah di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan masih tingginya angka kematian ibu dan bayi adalah terhambatnya pelayanan kesehatan dasar yang merupakan kewenangan wajib pemerintah daerah dikarenakan masih rendahnya belanja kesehatan di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia. Angka nasional untuk belanja kesehatan sendiri masih berada di kisaran 3 %. Sementara Undang-Undang mengamanatkan 5% dari total APBN. Ketersediaan dana dan kondisi fiskal merupakan salah satu alasan dibalik rendahnya proporsi belanja untuk kesehatan di setiap daerah. Komitmen pemerintah daerah dan kebijakan dari pemerintah yang dibuat, merupakan faktor penentu dalam jumlah anggaran yang diterima oleh Dinas Kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan biaya Standar Pelayanan Minimal SPM) program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) di Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2017?2019 menggunakan desain penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pada tahun 2015, pembiayaan program KIA yang ada di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Majalengka berasal dari APBD Kabupaten sebesar Rp1.628.255.186 dan Bantuan Keuangan dari Provinsi sebesar Rp33.890.000. Hasil perhitungan kebutuhan biaya SPM program KIA yaitu tahun 2017 sebesar Rp3.680.558.521, tahun 2018 sebesar Rp2.705.532.478 dan tahun 2019 sebesar Rp1.661.271.066. Dalam pendekatan kualitatif, pemerintah daerah baik dari sisi eksekutif ataupun legislatif sudah memiliki komitmen dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan biaya program KIA. Tetapi besar kecilnya anggaran yang diterima ditentukan oleh ketersediaan anggaran, kondisi fiskal daerah dan unsur politik dan kebijakan pemerintahan. Perencanaan dan penganggaran di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Majalengka belum berdasarkan SPM. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemenuhan kebutuhan biaya SPM program KIA memerlukan dorongan dan dukungan dari pemerintah daerah. Oleh karena itu komitmen dan tindakan nyata dari pemerintah daerah dibutuhkan untuk menjaga keberlangsungan program tersebut.

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Maternal and infant mortality remains a national and global concern. Even, the conditions in Indonesian the decline of maternal and infant mortality are still a priority for small Indonesian regions. One of the factors that led to this high rate of maternal and infant mortality is the obstruction of primary health care services, which is the authority of the local governments, due to the low spending on health care budget in several regions in Indonesia. The national average for health spending alone is in the range of 3%. While, the national constitution states that the minimum of health care budget is 5% of the total state budget. The availability of funds and fiscal conditions is one of the reasons behind the low proportion of health care spending in every region. The commitment of the local government and the policies is a decisive factor for the budget proportion received by the local health department.

This study aimed to analyze the cost requirements of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program in Majalengka region in 2017 to 2019 using case study design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. In 2015, the budget forthe MCH program in the health department of Majalengka region came from the government budget for Rp1.628.255.186 (97.96%) and the financial aids from West Java Province for Rp33.890.000 (2.04%).

The results of the calculation need for the MCH program cost based on Minimum Service Standards (MSS) which in 2017 was Rp3.680.558.521, and were Rp2.705.532.478 and Rp1.661.271.066 in 2018 and 2019. In the qualitative approach, the local government, both the executive and the legislative, has a commitment in meeting the needs of the MCH program costs. However, the amount of the budget depends on to budget availability, fiscal conditions and elements of local politics and government policy. The planning and budgeting in health department of Majalengka region has not been determined based on MSS.

The study concluded that the cost requirement of the MCH program requires encouragement and support from the local government. Therefore, commitment and concrete action from the local government is needed to sustain the program."

"Latar Belakang: Dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan dan non kesehatan dituntut untuk melakukan sebaik mungkin. Proses peningkatan kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan penguatan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan, yaitu Rumah Sakit. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian melakukan analisis implementasi indikator SPM IGD pada KMK No. 129 tahun 2008 di IGD Rumah Sakit “Sehat” Depok. Metode Penelitian: Desain pada penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan Jenis Penelitian Rapid Assesment Procedure. Hasil: Pada komponen input, pengambilan kebijakan melalui proses multi pimpinan, SDM masih belum pernah diadakan pelatihan kegawatdaruratan yang tersertifikasi, SOP keperawatan dan medis di IGD berjumlah 116. Sarana dan prasarana IGD masih belum sesuai dengan Permenkes RI No.47 tahun 2018. Pada komponen proses terdiri dari perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan, pengorganisasian, kepemimpinan, dan pengendalian. Pada komponen output terdapat indikator yang belum sesuai dengan SPM, pada indikator pemberi pelayanan gawat darurat yang bersertifikat yang masih berlaku BLS/PPGD/GELS/ALS hasil capaian 71%, keterserdian tim penanggulangan bencana tersedia satu tim, namun belum ada SK dari pimpinan. Kesimpulan: Belum tercapainya keseluruhan indikator pada SPM mengindikasikan bahwasanya mutu pelayanan dasar pada IGD Rumah Sakit “Sehat” Depok belum maksimal dalam implementasi dan pelaksanaanya. Saran: Melakukan optimalisisi pada SPM dengan mengadakan pelatihan dan penurunan SK untuk tim bencana di IGD.

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Background: In the term of providing both health and non-health services, we are required to do our best. The process of improving public health can be undertaken by strengthening health services in the hospitals. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the indicators of SPM IGD in KMK No. 129 of 2008 in the emergency room of Sehat Hospital in Depok. Research Methods: The design of this study uses a qualitative approach with Rapid Assessment Procedure. Results: Based on the input component, the hospital’s policy-making through a multi-leader process, the hospital’s human resources have never been held a certified emergency training while nursing and medical SOPs in the emergency room is 116. The emergency room facilities are still not following the Minister of Health Regulation No. 47 of 2018. Based on the process component, it consists of planning, decision making, organizing, leadership, and controlling. Based on the output component, the indicators are not following the SPM, the indicators of certified emergency service providers still use BLS/PPGD/GELS/ALS, which results in 71% (standard 100%), the disaster management team is only one team and there is no a decree from the director. Conclusion: The lack of positive results of all indicators in SPM indicates that the quality of basic services in Depok Sehat Hospital’s emergency room has not been maximally implemented. Suggestion: The hospitals’ stakeholder optimizes the SPM through certified training and the director signs the decree for the disaster management team in the emergency room.

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"ABSTRAKStasiun kereta api merupakan salah satu pelayanan publik yang sudah seharusnya memberikan pelayanan yang maksimal kepada masyarakat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan evaluasi mengenai kinerja Stasiun UI berdasarkan Standar Pelayanan Minimum (SPM) yang bersumber dari PM. 48 Tahun 2015. Selain membandingkan dengan SPM, evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Dari hasil penelitian didapat bahwa sebagian besar fasilitas sudah memenuhi standar dan tingkat kesesuaian antara harapan dengan kinerja adalah sebesar 77% yang artinya pengguna stasiun secara keseluruhan merasa cukup puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan oleh Stasiun UI.

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ABSTRACT

The train station is a public service which should provide maximum service to the public. The study aims to provide evaluation of the performance of UI Station based on Minimum Service Standards (SPM), which comes from the PM No. 48 Year 2015. In addition to comparing with SPM, the evaluation is done by using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results showed that most of the facilities are already meet the standards and the conformity degree is 77%, which means the users have generally felt quite satisfactions among them with the services that provided by UI Station."

"ABSTRAKStandar Pelayanan Minimal adalah ketentuan mengenai mutu dan jenis pelayanan dasaryang merupakan urusan pemerintahan wajib yang berhak diperoleh warga negara secaraminimal. Berdasarkan profil Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu tahun 2017capaian SPM pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil sebesar 72,3 , pelayanan kesehatan ibubersalin sebesar 73,8 dan pelayanan kesehatan bayi baru lahir sebesar 64,82 masih di bawah target 100 . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktorpenentu implementasi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anakserta hambatan dan upaya yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatifdengan desan Rapid Assesment Procedure RAP melalui pengumpulan data primer dandata sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi SPM BidangKesehatan Pelayanan KIA di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu berdasarkan 4 faktor yangberpengaruh terhadap implementasi yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi danstruktur birokrasi belum berjalan optimal. Faktor penentu yang mempengaruhiimplementasi SPM Bidang Kesehatan Pelayanan KIA di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbuadalah pada aspek sumber daya manusia namun saling dipengaruhi oleh aspek yanglainnya.. Masukan bagi Pemerintah Daerah agar membuat kebijakan daerah terkait SPMBidang Kesehatan Pelayanan KIA agar implementasi yang dilakukan dapat berjalansecara maksimal dan menyeluruh.

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ABSTRACTMinimum Service Standards MSS are provisions concerning the quality and type ofbasic services that are mandatory government affairs that are eligible for citizens to beeligible. Based on the profile of the District Health Office of Tanah Bumbu Regency in2017, the achievement of MSS in pregnant women 39 s health service is 72.3 , maternalhealth service 73,8 and newborn health service 64,82 is still under 100 target.This study aims to analyze the determinants of the implementation of Minimum ServiceStandards of Maternal and Child Health MCH Services and the obstacles and effortsare undertaken. This research is a qualitative research with Rapid Assessment Procedure RAP descriptions through primary data collection and secondary data. The result ofthe research shows that the implementation of MSS in the field of health service ofMCH in Tanah Bumbu Regency based on 4 factors affecting the implementation ofcommunication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure has not run optimally.The determinant factors affecting the implementation of MSS in Health Service ofMCH Service in Tanah Bumbu Regency is in human resource aspect but influenced byother aspect. Input for Local Government to make regional policy related MSS FieldHealth Service MCH for implementation can be run maximally and thorough. "

"ABSTRAKPT Transjakrta bersama dengan pihak operator Swasta mulai bersinergi untuk menambah angkutan pengumpan city feeder di wilayah jangkauan di sekitar Jakarta. Salah satunya adalah Layanan City Feeder Lebak Bulus ndash; Senen koridor 6H Transjakarta. Hasil evaluasi dari layanan ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah armada bus yang disediakan tidak mampu memenuhi demand penumpang yang ada. Hal ini ditunjukan dari besarnya nilai faktor muat bus yang memerlihatkan jumah demand penumpang yang tinggi, namun waktu tunggu penumpang lebih besar dari waktu kedatangan bus Waktu antara . Jumlah armada yang ada saat ini juga tidak mampu mencapai standar karena berdasarkan waktu tempuhnya, armada bus yang dibutuhkan adalah 35 unit sedangkan dalam prakteknya hanya mengoperasikan 26 unit kendaraan. Diperlukan perencanaan ulang dengan mempertimbangkan penambahan unit bus agar Pelaksanaan Layanan Bus Feeder Transjakarta Lebak Bulus ndash; Senen sesuai dengan kebutuhan penumpang dan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Transjakarta.

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ABSTRACT

PT Transjakrta together with the private operators have synergized to add the city feeder 39 s unit bus in the Jakarta area. The Transjakarta Lebak Bulus Senen corridor 6H is one of them. The evaluation result of this service shows that the amount of the operated buses was not able to fulfill the demand of existing passengers. This was indicated by the percentage of bus load factor which was showing high demand of the passengers, but the waiting time of passengers are bigger than bus arrival Headway . The number of existing armadas is also not able to carry on the standard. Refering to the travel time, the required bus fleet must be 35 units but it was only operating 26 units of vehicles. There needed re planning by considering the addition of unit bus so that the Implementation of Lebak Bulus Senen Bus Feeder Service can be in accordance with the demand of passengers and Minimum Service Standards Transjakarta."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kinerja Puskesmas dan peningkatan kinerja Puskesmas dalam pencapaian standar pelayanan minimal bidang kesehatan di Kota Depok tahun 2018. Tesis ini menggunakan teori sistem dimana peneliti mendeskripsikan faktor input Puskesmas, factor proses puskesmas berupa penyelenggaraan pelayanan puskesmas dan output Puskesmas yaitu Kinerja Puskesmas berdasarkan 12 indikator SPM. Meode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian mixed methods, yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dari univariate hingga multivariate dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Metode kualitatif menggunakan wawanara mendalam dan diskusi terarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kinerja Puskesmas terhadap pencapaian SPM sangat rendah, fackor yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Puskesmas adalah factor bangunan, alat kesehatan dan BMHP serta factor ketenagaan. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukan faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah faktor ketenagaan.

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This thesis discusses the performance and efforts to improve the performance of Puskesmas in achieving minimum service standards in the health sector in Depok City. This thesis uses a system theory where the researcher describes the input factor, the process factor in the form of puskesmas service delivery and the output factor, namely the Health Center Performance based on 12 SPM indicators. The research method used is mixed methods research, which is quantitative research from univariate to multivariate using secondary data. Qualitative methods use in-depth interviews, focused discussions and document review. The results of the study showed that the performance of the Puskesmas towards achieving SPM was very low, the factors that affected the performance of the Puskesmas were building factors, medical devices and BMHP as well as workforce factors. The results of the logistic regression test show that the most influential factor is the workforce factor."