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"ABSTRAKUpaya menekan kadar glukosa darah post prandial dapat dilakukan melalui penghambatan aktivitas enzim alfa-glukosidase. Lamun merupakan tanaman laut yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai penghambat enzim alfa-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas penghambatan alfa-glukosidase dari ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides, mengevaluasi mikrosfer ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides, dan menguji penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus Sprague Dawley dari mikrosfer yang diperoleh. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 80 . Mikroenkapsulasi ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides dibuat dengan metode semprot kering menggunakan polimer Eudragit L100-55. Mikrosfer yang terbentuk kemudian dievaluasi. Uji in vivo menggunakan metode toleransi glukosa oral dilakukan terhadap tikus galur Sprague Dawley normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim alfa-glukosidase IC50 168,25 ug/mL paling baik diantara lamun Thalassia hemprichii IC50 423,33 ug/mL , Cymodocea rotundata 430,56 ug/mL , dan pembanding akarbose 197,27 ug/mL . Mikrosfer ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides memiliki diameter partikel rata-rata 2,103 um, kadar air 4,84 0,096 , kadar kuersetin 0,011 0,001 b/b, uji perolehan kembali 81,41 3,39 , dan jumlah kuersetin terdisolusi sebesar pada medium HCl pH 1,23,899 0,545 dan 94,14 3,89 pada medium fosfat pH 6,8. Nilai IC50 mikrosfer pada penghambatan enzim alfa-glukosidase sebesar 169,46 ug/mL. Mikrosfer ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides mampu menurunkan glukosa darah tikus. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Enhalus acoroides memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim alfa-glukosidase dan mikrosfer yang diperoleh mampu melindungi ekstrak pada pH asam, memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim alfa-glukosidase, dan juga menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus pada menit ke 30.

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ABSTRACT Post prandial blood glucose levels can be suppressed by inhibiting the activity ofalpha glucosidase enzyme. Seagrasses are marine plants that act as an alpha glucosidase inhibitor. This study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of alpha glucosidase in Enhalus acoroides ethanol extract, evaluate the microspheres of Enhalus acoroides ethanol extract, and efficacy in vivo test in Sprague Dawley rats. The extraction was conducted by maceration method using 80 ethanol solvent. The microencapsulation of Enhalus acoroides ethanol extract was prepared by spray drying method using Eudragit L100 55. Efficacy in vivo test using oral glucose tolerance method was applied to the normal rats. The results showed that the best alpha glucosidase inhibitor was Enhalus acoroides ethanol extract IC50 168.25 ug mL compared to Thalassia hemprichii 423.33 ug mL , Cymodocea rotundata 430.56 ug mL , and acarbose 197.27 ug mL . Microspheres from Enhalus acoroides ethanol extract have average particle size 2.103 um, water content 4.84 0.096 , quercetin content 0.011 0.001 b b , recovery factor 81.41 3.39 , total dissolved quercetin 3.899 0.545 in HCl medium pH 1.2 and 94.14 3.89 in phosphate medium pH 6.8 and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity IC50 169.46 ug mL. Efficacy in vivo test showed that microspheres were able to decrease blood glucose levels in rat. From this study, it can be conclude that the ethanol extract of Enhalus acoroides has inhibitory activity against the alpha glucosidase enzyme and the microspheres obtained are able to protect the extract at acidic pH, have inhibitory activity against alpha glucosidase enzyme and able to decrease rat rsquo s blood glucose in the 30th minute."

"Latar Belakang: Keterbatasan obat antidiabetes menjadi salah satu rintangan dalam upaya mengatasi masalah diabetes di Indonesia. Kekayaan tumbuhan medikasi Indonesia dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut, termasuk pengembangan Tithonia diversifoliasebagai antidiabetes.Tujuan: Mengetahui efek ekstrak daun Paitan Tithonia diversifolia terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan perubahan histologis pankreas pada tikus Sprague dawleyyang diinduksi aloksan.Metode: Sebanyak 24 tikus Sprague dawley, yang bergula darah normal, dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal tanpa perlakuan, kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan Metformin, kelompok kontrol negatif yang diberikan aquades, serta tiga kelompok perlakuan lainnya yang diberikan ekstrak daun Paitan Tithonia diversifolia dengan dosis 200mg/kgBB, 400mg/kgBB, 600mg/kgBB. Aloksan dengan dosis 120mg/kgBB disuntikan secara intraperitoneal kepada semua tikus kecuali kelompok normal. Setelah 4 hari, kadar gula darah puasa GDP tikus diperiksa. Tikus dengan kadar GDP >200mg/dL akan diberikan perlakuan sesuai dengan kelompoknya selama 16 hari. Pemeriksaan kadar GDP dilaksanakan pada hari ke 4, 8, 12, dan 16. Selanjutnya, pankreas tikus akan diambil untuk pemeriksaan histologi secara kualitatif dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin. Data kadar GDP yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun paitan Tithonia diversifolia dapat menurunkan kadar GDP dari tikus yang diabetes. Dosis yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar GDP tikus adalah 200mg/kgBB. Sedangkan, ekstrak daun paitan Tithonia diversifolia dengan dosis 600mg/kgBB mampu memperbaiki struktur histologi pankreas dari tikus. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun paitan Tithonia diversifolia mampu menurunkan kadar GDP tikus dan memperbaiki struktur histologi pankreas pada tikus.

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Background: The limitation of antidiabetic medication is one of the obstacles to overcome diabetes problem in Indonesia. The wealth of Indonesian medical plants can be a solution to solve that problem, including the development of Tithonia diversifolia as an antidiabetic agent.

Objective: Determining the effect of Paitan Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract on blood glucose levels and histological changes in alloxan induced Sprague dawley rats pancreas.

Methods: There were 24 Sprague dawley rats, with normal blood glucose levels, divided into 6 groups, namely normal group without any intervention, positive control group was treated with Metformin, negative control group was treated with aquades, and other three groups were treated with Paitan extract at dose of 200mg/kgBB, 400mg/kgBB, 600mg/kgBB. Alloxan with a dose 120mg/kgBB injected via intraperiotenal to all rats, except the normal group. After 4 days, the rats blood glucose level were checked. Rats with fasting blood glucose FBG level>200mg/dL treated according to their groups for 16 days. FBG checked on day 4, 8, 12, and 16. Then, pancreas of the rats will be taken for qualitative histological examination with Hematoxilin Eosin staining. The FBG level were analyzed with one way ANOVA test.

Results: This research showed Paitan Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract could decrease FBG level of diabetic rats. The most effective dose to reduce rats FBG level was 200mg/kgBB. Extract of paitan (ithonia diversifolia leaf at 600mg/kgBB was able to improve histological structure of rats pancreas.

Conclusion: Extract of paitan Tithonia diversifolia leaf was able to decrease diabetic rats FBG level and improve the histological structure of rats pancreas."

"Peningkatan gula darah pada pasien COVID-19 menyebabkan terganggunya fungsi metabolik, tingkat keparahan penyakit serta komplikasi pada pasien. Peningkatan gula darah pada pasien COVID-19 dapat dicegah melalui langkah yang tepat dalam mengontrol glikemik dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenali faktor yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan gula darah pada pasien COVID-19 tanpa riwayat Diabetes Melitus (DM). Metode penelitan adalah deskriptif dengan desain analitik retrospektif, melibatkan 45 responden, analisa data menggunakan rank spearman, chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, mayoritas responden berumur 46-65 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki stres dan aktivitas ringan. Secara klinis memiliki keparahan COVID-19 derajat sedang serta tidak memiliki komorbid. Sebagian besar responden memiliki pola diet yang tidak tepat, tidak mempunyai riwayat keluarga dengan DM, dan tidak mempunyai riwayat pengobatan yang dapat meningkatkan gula darah. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres (p 0,003), aktivitas (p 0,017), derajat keparahan (p 0,016), komorbid (p 0,037), dan riwayat keluarga (p 0,007) dengan peningkatan gula darah pada pasien COVID-19 tanpa riwayat DM, dimana aktivitas merupakan faktor yang paling dominan (p 0.020:OR 8,465). Perlunya dilakukan intervensi keperawatan mandiri dalam meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien COVID-19. Deteksi dini dengan tepat, manajemen stres dan aktivitas yang rutin diharapkan dapat menurunkan risiko disregulasi glukosa dan menstabilkan kadar glikemik untuk mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut.

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ncreased blood sugar in COVID-19 patients causes disruption of metabolic function, disease severity and complications in patients. Elevated c in COVID-19 patients can be prevented through proper steps in controlling glycemic well. This study aims to identify factors associated with increased blood sugar in COVID-19 patients without a history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The research method is descriptive with retrospective analytic design, involving 45 respondents, data analysis using Spearman rank, chi square and logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of respondents were 46-65 years old, female, had stress and had light activities. Clinically, he has moderate severity of COVID-19 and has no comorbidities. Most of the respondents have inappropriate diet patterns, do not have a family history of DM, and do not have a history of medication that can increase blood sugar. There was a significant relationship between stress (p 0.003), activity (p 0.017), severity (p 0.016), comorbidities (p 0.037), and family history (p 0.007) with elevated blood sugar in COVID-19 patients without a history of DM, where activity is the most dominant factor (p 0.020:OR 8.465). The need for independent nursing interventions in improving nursing care for COVID-19 patients. Appropriate early detection, stress management and routine activities are expected to reduce the risk of glucose dysregulation and stabilize glycemic levels to prevent further complications.

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"Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus masih menyebabkan tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia. Capaian kontrol glikemik masih merupakan masalah di Indonesia. Perilaku kesehatan pada DM tipe 2 yang tercermin dalam rutinitas aktivitas perawatan diri memegang peranan penting dalam keberhasilan terapi.Tujuan: 1) Mengetahui rerata aktivitas perawatan diri pasien DM tipe 2 yang menjalani edukasi dan 2) Mengetahui gambaran faktor ancaman, manfaat, hambatan dan efikasi diri pasien DM tipe 2 yang menjalani edukasi dalam melakukan aktivitas fisik dan olahraga serta pemantauan gula darah mandiri (PGDM)Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang menggunakan pendekatan data mixed methods desain sekuensial eksplanatori. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan design fenomenologi, pengambilan data wawancara semi terstruktur dengan panduan health belief model. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan thematic analysis.Hasil: Olahraga dan PGDM (n=71) memiliki nilai median SDSCA paling rendah yaitu 1 dan 3.5 hari. Sebagian besar memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi (73.2%), tingkat distress emosi sedang-tinggi (61%) serta HbA1c > 7% (75%). Wawancara olahraga (n=21) memberikan tema keyakinan tidak melakukan aktivitas fisik dan olahraga dapat memengaruhi kesehatan, aktivitas fisik dan olahraga memberikan manfaat pada kemampuan fisik, psikologis dan penampilan, hambatan dan stimulus dalam melakukan aktivitas fisik dan olahraga serta efikasi diri yang dapat memengaruhi rutinitas olahraga. Sedangkan wawancara PGDM (n=4) memberikan tema tidak melakukan PGDM akan memengaruhi kesehatan, PGDM memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan dan kemudahan pengobatan, hambatan dan stimulus pasien dalam melakukan PGDM serta efikasi diri memengaruhi rutinitas PGDM.Kesimpulan: Diperoleh gambaran keyakinan ancaman, manfaat, hambatan, stimulus serta efikasi diri dalam melakukan aktifitas fisik dan olahraga serta PGDM yang merupakan komponen aktifitas perawatan diri dengan nilai median hari yang paling rendah.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus still cause high morbidity and mortality in the world. Glycemic control is still a challenge in Indonesia. Health behaviour in type 2 DM reflected by self-care activites play an important role in successful therapy.

Aim: 1) Knowing the value of self-care activities in type 2 DM patient undergoing education. 2) Knowing about the perceived threat, benefits, barriers and self-efficacy in type 2 DM patients undergoing education in performing exercise and self monitoring blood glucose.

Method: This is a cross sectional study using mixed methods explanatory sequential design approach. The qualitative phase of this study was a phenomenological study design and used semi-structured interview based on health belief model. Analysis was done by thematic analysis.

Result: The first phase in this study involved 71 respondents. Self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) and exercise had the lowest median SDSCA scores being 1 and 3.5 days, respectively. Most of them had a high level of knowledge (73.2%) with moderate to high levels of diabetes distress in 61% patients. There were 75% of patients with HbA1c levels > 7%. Qualitative research on exercise involved 21 respondents while SMBG involved 4 respondents. Five themes in exercise, namely not doing exercise can affect health, exercise provide benefits on physical, psychological and appearance, patient barriers and stimulus factors in performing exercise and self-efficacy can affect exercise. While five themes in SMBG include not doing SMBG can affect health, SMBG provides health benefits and ease of treatment, barriers, and stimulus factors for patients in doing SMBG and self-efficacy can affect SMBG.

Conclusion: We obtained a descriptive data on perceived threats, benefits, barriers, cues on action and self-efficacy in doing physical activity and exercise among diabetic patients, alongside SMBG activity which is a component of self-care with the lowest median number of days."

"Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit dengan tingkat komplikasi yang tinggi, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang dikenal dengan empat pilar penatalaksanaan DM. Data peserta Prolanis Puskesmas Pulo Gadung pada bulan November 2015-Januari 2016, berturut-turut sebanyak 87%, 84%, dan 88% diabetisi mempunyai Gula Darah Postprandial (GDPP) yang tidak terkendali tanpa adanya proses evaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor penghambat dalam pengendalian GDPP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Tempat dan waktu penelitian di Puskesmas Pulo Gadung pada bulan April 2016. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner, penilaian indeks massa tubuh, serta pemeriksaan GDPP 84 diabetisi. Sebagai sampel adalah diabetisi di sembilan Puskesmas yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara non-probability sampling. Sedangkan data kualitatif dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih dalam tentang empat pilar penatalaksaan DM. Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan data kualitatif dianalis dengan analisis tematik. Penelitian menunjukkan hanya 4,8% diabetisi yang memiliki GDPP terkendali. Faktor penyebab tidak terkendalinya GDPP adalah ketidakpatuhan diabetisi dalam melaksanakan pilar perencanaan makan dan latihan jasmani, serta kurangnya dukungan keluarga dan dukungan manajemen. Diperlukan peningkatan kegiatan edukasi, monitoring dan evaluasi, serta membangun kerja sama lintas sektor antara Puskesmas, Sudin Kesehatan, dan BPJS Kesehatan.

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Diabetes melitus is a disease with high complication rates, thus requires treatment, which is known as the four pillars of DM management. Prolanis participant data at Puskesmas Pulo Gadung in November 2015-January 2016, respectively by 87%, 84%, and 88% of diabetic have uncontrolled Postprandial Glucose (PPG) without a process of evaluation.

This study aims to determine the inhibiting factors in controlling the PPG. This is a cross sectional study with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The place and time of the study is conducted at Puskesmas Pulo Gadung, in April 2016. The quantitative data were obtained from the questionnaires, assessment of body mass index, and the results of the examination PPG 84 of selected diabetic. The samples are diabetic in nine Puskesmas that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Sampling was done by non-probability sampling. While the qualitative data is intended to get more information about the four pillars of diabetes management. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive and qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis.

Research shows that only 4.8% diabetic who have controlled PPG. Factors causing uncontrolled PPG are non-compliance of diabetic in implementing meal planning and physical exercise, lack of family and management support. Required increase in educational activities, monitoring and evaluation, and build cross sector cooperation between Puskesmas, Sudin Kesehatan, and BPJS."

"Prediktor keparahan pankreatitis bilier yang telah banyak digunakan seperti kriteria Ranson, Imrie modifikasi, dan APACHE II membutuhkan waktu pengumpulan data hingga 48 jam dengan variabel diagnostik multipel sehingga sulit untuk diterapkan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari prediktor keparahan tunggal agar dapat segera ditentukan tatalaksana terbaik bagi tiap pasien.Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien-pasien pankreatitis bilier akut di RSCM tahun 2008-2016. Kadar glukosa darah sewaktu GDS awal, derajat keparahan, dan mortalitas dicatat dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 20.0.Sebanyak 41 pasien pankreatitis bilier dari 140 pasien pankreatitis akut memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari studi ini. Rerata usia pasien 49,2 tahun, 24 58,5 laki-laki dan 17 41,5 perempuan. Median kadar GDS kasus ringan, sedang, dan berat adalah 109,5 mg/dL; 131 mg/dL; dan 171 mg/dL. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar GDS pada pankreatitis bilier ringan dengan berat, nilai p 0,008.Pada kurva ROC GDS terhadap pankreatitis bilier berat didapatkan AUC 0,885 IK 95 0,743 ndash; 1,000 . Nilai cut-off GDS 154,5 mg/dL memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang optimal dalam memprediksi pankreatitis bilier akut berat, yaitu 75 dan 91,8 . Kadar GDS tersebut memiliki nilai prediksi positif dan negatif sebesar 50 dan 97,1 . Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara kadar GDS dengan mortalitas, nilai p 0,249. Didapatkan hubungan antara derajat keparahan dengan mortalitas dengan nilai p 0,021 dan OR 0,028. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar GDS 154,5 mg/dL dapat memprediksi pankreatitis bilier akut berat dengan akurasi yang baik.

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The established severity predictors of gallstone pancreatitis such as Ranson criteria, modified Imrie, and APACHE II usually require several days and multiple diagnostic variable to be fulfilled so that they are not convenient to use. This study was held to find a simple severity predictor of gallstone pancreatitis to immediately choose the best management for each patient.The data were derived retrospectively from the medical records of acute gallstone pancreatitis patients during 2008 2016. Random blood glucose RBG level on admission, severity grading, and mortality were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 20.0.Forty one gallstone pancreatitis out of 140 acute pancreatitis patients were included in this study. The mean age was 49,2 years old, 24 58,5 were male and 17 41,5 were female. The median RBG level in mild, moderately severe, and severe disease were 109,5 mg dL 131 mg dL and 171 mg dL respectively. There was a significant difference of RBG level on mild and severe disease, p value 0,008.The ROC curve of RBG and severe gallstone pancreatitis revealed the AUC of 0,885 CI 95 0,743 ndash 1,000 . The cut off point of RBG level 154,5 mg dL had the optimal sensitivity 75 and specificity 91,8 to predict severe disease. The positive and negative predictive value of RBG level 154,5 mg dL were 50 and 97,1 . There was no significant difference between RBG level and mortality, p 0,249. There was a relationship between severity grading and mortality, p 0,021 and OR 0,028. We can conclude that RBG level of 154,5 mg dL can acurately predict severe disease."

"Salah satu dampak yang timbul dari pembanglman adalah transisi epidemiologi, yaitu meningkatnya penyakit degeneratifl Salah satu contoh penyakit degeneratif adalah Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakjt hiperglikemia yang ditandai oleh ketiadaan absolut insulin atau insensitivitas sel terhadap insulin. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia akan tems meningkat 2 sampai 3 kali lebih cepat dari negara maju yaitu l2,7% penduduk Indonesia. Hiperglikemi dapat mengaldbatkan gagal ginjal, gangguan penglihatan, gangguan kardiovaskuler bahkan kematian.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dcngan kadar gula darah puasa dcngan menggunakan disain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan Poltekes Jakarta III, sebagai sampel adalah karyawan yang teliah rnelakul-can pemeriksaan kadar gula darah puasa sebanyak 153 respondcn. Analisis dilakukan secara bertahap rnulai dari analisis univariabel, bivariabel dan multivariabel mcnggunakan analisis negresi linier ganda.Variabel yang diteliti adalah umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, suku, riwayat penyakit kemrunan, tekanan darah, indeks masa tubuh, olah raga, pengetahuan, sikap, dan konsumsi karbohidrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan antara jenis kelamin, suku, tekanan darah, indeks massa tubuh dan pengctahuan dengan kadar gula darah puasa (nilai p < 0,05). Dali analisa multivariabcl didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan bcrhubungan dengan kadar gula darah puasa.Disarankan perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan penanggulangan bagi kaxyawan berusia diatas 40 tahun dianjurkan melakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah setahun sekali. Bagi karyawan yang menderita hipcrtensi dianjurkan untuk memeriksakan tekanan darahnya dan kaxyawan dengan indcks massa tubuh diatas 30 kg/m2 dianjurkan untuk menurunkan berat badan melalui diet makanan dan olah raga.

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One impact of development is epidemiologic transition, that is the increase of degenerative diseases including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DM is a hyperglicernic disease characterised by absolut inexistence of insulin or cell insensitivity toward insulin. DM prevalence in Indonesia will be doubled or tripled and in a faster rate, that is 12.7% of Indonesia population. Hyperglicemic could induce kidney failure, visibility disorder, cardiovascular disease and even death.This study aims at knowing factors related to blood glucose level using cross sectional design. Population of this study is all employees of Health Polytechnic Jakarta lll, samples were 153 employees whose blood glucose level had been checked. Analysis was conducted gradually from univariate, bivariate, and multivariate using multiple linear regression.Variables under study are age, sex, education, ethnicity, family history of disease, blood pressure, body mass index, exercise, knowledge, attitude, and carbohydrate consumption. Study results shows relationship between sex, ethnicity, blood pressure, body mass index, and knowledge with blood glucose level (p<0_05)._ Multi variate analysis shows that knowledge is the most dominant factor.It is suggested that there is a need to prevent and to overcome DM among employees age more than 40 years old by yearly checking of blood glucose level. Those with hypertension are suggested to check their blood pressure and those with body mass."

"Kadar gula darah yang tidak normal menjadi masalah kesehatan yang penting, tak terkecuali pada penderita hipertensi yang mengarah pada komplikasi penyakit yang serius seperti diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah pada penderita hipertensi ysng dilakukan di Puskesmas Bojonggede, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan metode purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 105 orang yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan berusia 30-65 tahun yag termasuk kelompok usia dewasa dan lansia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 30,2% responden memiliki kadar gula darah tinggi. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia (OR = 3,5 95% CI 1,361-8,890), jenis kelamin (OR = 5,1 95% CI 1,655-15,570), indeks glikemik (OR = 2,587 95% CI 1,089-6,141), dan lingkar pinggang terhadap kejadian kadar gula darah. Modifikasi gaya hidup dianjurkan seperti rutin melakukan olahraga dan konsumsi makanan sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang. Selain itu, konsumsi makanan dan minuman dengan IG rendah dan sedang, monitoring berat badan dan lingkar pinggang, serta pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin sangat dianjurkan untuk mencegah peningkatan kadar gula darah.

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Blood sugar levels are not normal become important health problem, not least in patients with hypertension leading to serious complications of the disease such as diabetes. This study aims to determine the factors associated with blood sugar levels in patients with hypertension. This research was conducted at the health center Bojonggede, Bogor, West Java using cross sectional study design and purposive sampling method with a total sample of 105 people consisting of men and women aged 30-65 years including age group adults and elderly. The results showed that 30.2% of respondents have high blood sugar levels. There is a significant relationship between age (OR = 3.5 95% CI 1.361 to 8.890), gender (OR = 5.1 95% CI 1.655 to 15.570), the glycemic index (OR = 2.587 95% CI 1.089 to 6.141), and waist circumference on the incidence of blood sugar levels. Lifestyle modification is recommended such as exercise frequently and food consumption suitable with the guidelines of balanced nutrition. In addition, the consumption of foods and beverages with low and medium GI, monitoring body weight and waist circumference, and blood sugar tests are routinely highly recommended to prevent an increase in blood sugar levels."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipoglikemia merupakan masalah metabolik yang sering terjadi pada neonatus terutama bayi kurang bulan dan bayi kecil masa kehamilan. Sebagaian besar neonatus kompensasi hipoglikemia fisiologis dengan memproduksi benda keton.Tujuan: Membantu menambahkan data dalam membuat pedoman pemeriksaan glukosa darah pada bayi late preterm dan bayi cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian cross sectional untuk melihat gambaran kadar gula darah diawal kelahiran pada bayi late preterm dan cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan dan hubungannya dengan keton darah sebagai respons adaptasi metabolik. Penilaian respons kadar keton darah terhadap perubahan kadar gula darah dengan melakukan uji korelasi pada masing-masing tahap penilaian.Hasil: Sebanyak 53 subyek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Rerata kadar gula darah pada usia 0-4 jam 69,83±22,19 mg/dL, >4-24 jam 63,02±16,80 mg/dL, >24-48 jam 62,94±14,80 mg/dL ) keseluruhan secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p= 0,117). Median kadar keton darah pada usia 0-4 jam 0,60 (0,10-1,40) mmol/L, >4-24 jam 0,60 (0,30-1,3) mmol/L, >24-48 jam 0,60 (0,10-1,40) mmol/L keseluruhan secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p = 0,326). Hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan perubahan kadar keton darah menunjukkan bahwa setiap perubahan satu unit kadar gula darah mengakibatkan perubahan kadar keton darah sebesar 0,0012 secara statistik tidak bermakna (p = 0,192).Simpulan: Pola perubahan glukosa darah bayi late preterm dan bayi cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan tidak selalu mengalami hipoglikemia, produksi badan keton pada bayi late preterm dan bayi cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan memadai.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Hypoglycaemia is the most common manifestation of failure of metabolic adaptation in the newborn period, especially in premature infants and small for gestational age. Most of the physiological neonatal hypoglycaemia compensate physiologist hypoglycaemia by producing ketone body.Objective: Provide data to establish guidelines blood glucose tests in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age.Methods: A cross sectional research to see pattern of blood glucose concentration at the newborn and its relationship with blood ketones as a response to metabolic adaptation. Evaluation of blood ketone concentration to the change of blood glucose is done by correlation test at each evaluation stage.Results: A total of 53 subjects fulfil the study criteria. The mean blood glucose level at the age of 0-4 hours was 69,83 ± 22,19 mg/dL, > 4-24 hours was 63,02 ± 16,80 mg/dL, > 24-48 hours was 62,94 ± 14,80 mg/dL overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Median levels of blood ketones at the age of 0-4 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L, > 4-24 hours was 0.60 (0.30 to 1.30) mmol/L , > 24-48 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.833). The relationship between changes in blood glucose levels by changing levels of blood ketones indicate that any change in one unit of blood glucose levels lead to changes in levels of blood ketones at 0.0012 was not statistically significant (p = 0.192) .Conclusion: The change of blood glucose in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age not always having hypoglycemia. Production of ketone body at late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age is not sufficient., Introduction: Hypoglycaemia is the most common manifestation of failure of metabolic adaptation in the newborn period, especially in premature infants and small for gestational age. Most of the physiological neonatal hypoglycaemia compensate physiologist hypoglycaemia by producing ketone body.Objective: Provide data to establish guidelines blood glucose tests in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age.Methods: A cross sectional research to see pattern of blood glucose concentration at the newborn and its relationship with blood ketones as a response to metabolic adaptation. Evaluation of blood ketone concentration to the change of blood glucose is done by correlation test at each evaluation stage.Results: A total of 53 subjects fulfil the study criteria. The mean blood glucose level at the age of 0-4 hours was 69,83 ± 22,19 mg/dL, > 4-24 hours was 63,02 ± 16,80 mg/dL, > 24-48 hours was 62,94 ± 14,80 mg/dL overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Median levels of blood ketones at the age of 0-4 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L, > 4-24 hours was 0.60 (0.30 to 1.30) mmol/L , > 24-48 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.833). The relationship between changes in blood glucose levels by changing levels of blood ketones indicate that any change in one unit of blood glucose levels lead to changes in levels of blood ketones at 0.0012 was not statistically significant (p = 0.192) .Conclusion: The change of blood glucose in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age not always having hypoglycemia. Production of ketone body at late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age is not sufficient.]"

"Latar Belakang: Pengobatan diabetes mellitus yang terbatas menjadi salah satu alasan penggunaan terapi komplementer dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat yang ada di Indonesia, seperti daun Vernonia amygdalina sebagai terapi alternatif diabetes.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak daun Vernonia amygdalina dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan pengaruhnya terhadap histopatologi ginjal.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada 24 tikus Sprague dawley dengan berat 200 – 300 gram. Efek antidiabetes diuji dengan mengamati penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus sprague dawley yang sudah diinduksi dengan aloksan dan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yang terdiri dari kelompok normal, kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok dosis ekstrak 200 mg/KgBB, kelompok dosis ekstrak 400 mg/KgBB, dan kelompok dosis ekstrak 600 mg/KgBB. Kadar glukosa darah diamati selama 16 hari dan diperiksa di hari ke-4, 8, 12, dan 16. Data hasil penurunan glukosa darah selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dengan program SPSS 23. Pembacaan histologi ginjal tikus menggunakan pewarna Hematoksilin Eosin untuk melihat perubahan pada jaringan.Hasil: Ekstrak daun Vernonia amygdalina menunjukkan efek dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus diabetes dengan dosis efektif 200 mg/KgBB. Gambaran histopatologi ginjal menunjukkan terjadi nekrosis tubulus proksimalis pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan, kecuali kelompok normal.Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun Vernonia amygdalina dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan tidak memberi efek perbaikan pada struktur histopatologi ginjal

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Background: The limitation of diabetes mellitus medication in Indonesia has become one of the reason to use complementary therapy from plant extract that available in Indonesia, such as Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract as an antidiabetes therapy. Objective: This research was done to investigate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract in reducing blood glucose level and its effect on renal histopathology.

Methods: This study was conducted on 24 Sprague dawley rat weighing 200 – 300 grams. The antidiabetic effect was tested by observing blood glucose level in Sprague dawley rats that had been induced with alloxan and divided into 6 groups consist of normal group, positive control group, negative control group, 200 mg/KgBB dose of leaves extract group, 400 mg/KgBB dose of leaves extract group, and 600 mg/KgBB dose of leaves extract gtroup. Blood glucose levels were observed for 16 days and examined on day 4, 8, 12, and 16. The result data were analyzed by using the one-way ANOVA test by SPSS 23 program. The rat’s renal histology readings were using Hematoxylin Eosin to see any tissue’s changes.

Results: Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract showed an effect in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic rats with an effective dose of 200 mg/KgBB. Kidney histopatology result showed necrosis on proximal tubules in all treatment except the normal group. Conclusion: The administration of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract can reduce blood sugar levels and did not show any improvement effect in histopathological structure of the kidney."