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"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas mengenai peran pengaturan Bank Indonesia dalam perlindungan konsumen pengguna jasa sistem pembayaran uang elektronik atau yang kerap disebut e-money. Satu produk uang elektronik yang dijadikan fokus dari penilitian yaitu Go-Pay milik PT Dompet Anak Bangsa milik PT Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa alias Go-Jek. Pokok permasalahan yang dibahas adalah bagaimana Bank Indonesia mengatur perlindungan konsumen bagi para pengguna jasa uang elektornik di Indonesia dan bagaimana implementasi dari pengaturan perlindungan konsumen tersebut dalam penyelenggaraan Go-Pay. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dengan wawancara sebagai pendukung. Pada prakteknya, penyelenggaraan uang elektronik sering mengalami beberapa masalah seperti misalnya gagal bayar, gagal, penipuan dan kurangnya keamanan informasi teknologi. Implementasi pengaturan perlindungan konsumen oleh Bank Indonesia dapat dilihat dari dibentuknya Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 16/1/PBI/2014 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Jasa Sistem Pembayaran dan dan Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No. 16/16.DKSP perihal Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Konsumen Jasa Sistem Pembayaran. Kedua peraturan ini telah terlaksana di dalam syarat dan ketentuan perusahaan Go-Pay dan penyyelesaian pengaduan di Bank Indonesia. Bank Indonesia juga melakukan pengawasan terhadap penyelenggara uang elektronik termasuk Go-Pay. Selain itu, Bank Indonesia juga memberikan edukasi, sosialisasi dan fasilitasi bagi para pengguna jasa uang elektronik yang melakukan pengaduan ke Bank Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis research thesis discusses Bank Indonesia regulation on consumer protection on electronic money or also known as e-money as one of the payment system instruments that is currently growing rapidly in Indonesia. An electronic money product that is used as the focus of the research is Go-Pay which is owned by PT Dompet Anak Bangsa owned by PT Karya Anak Bangsa, also known as Go-Jek. The main issues discussed are related to Bank Indonesia regulation on consumer protection for electronic money services users in Indonesia and the implementation of the consumer protection regulation in the operation of Go-Pay. The research method used is normative juridical. The data used is secondary data with the support of interview. In practice, the operation of electronic money often experiences several problems such as payment failure, top-up failure, fraud and the lack of security in technology systems. The implementation of Bank Indonesia regulation can be seen from the issuance of Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 16/1/PBI/2014 on Consumer Protection for Payment System Services and Bank Indonesia Circular Letter Number 16/16.DKSP concerning the Procedures of Implementation of Consumer Protection for Payment System Services. Both of these regulations has been implemented within the Go-Pay terms and condition Bank Indonesia complaint settlements. Bank Indonesia also conduct the onsite and offsite supervision towards the operation of Go-Pay and provides education, socialization and facilitation for electronic money users who submit their complaints to Bank Indonesia."

"Mobil walet adalah teknologi yang berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan internet dan telepon pintar. Dompet Ponsel bertujuan untuk menggantikan fungsi dompet di era digital ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Adopsi, yaitu Inovasi Pribadi, Persepsi Kemudahan Penggunaan, Persepsi Kesesuaian, Persepsi Manfaat, Persepsi Keamanan, Pengaruh Sosial Terhadap Sikap Menuju Dompet Ponsel dan Niat untuk menggunakan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Inovasi Pribadi, Persepsi Kemudahan Penggunaan, Persepsi Kesesuaian, Persepsi Manfaat, Persepsi Keamanan tidak memiliki hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan Sikap dan hanya Hadiah yang memiliki hubungan positif signifikan dengan Sikap dan hasilnya menemukan bahwa Sikap dan Pengaruh Sosial memiliki hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan Niat untuk digunakan.

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Mobile Wallet is a technology that is developing in tandem with the development of the internet and smartphones. Mobile Wallet aims to replace wallet functions in this digital era. This study aims to determine the effect of factors that influence Adoption, namely Personal Innovation, Perceived Ease Of Use, Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Security, Social Influences on Attitudes Towards Mobile Wallet and Intention to use. This study found that Personal Innovation, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Security did not have a significant positive relationship to the Attitudes and only Rewards had a significant positive relationship to Attitude and the result found that Attitudes and Social Influence had a significant positive relationship to Intention to use."

"Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM) merupakan fasilitas transfer uang secara elektronik yang paling banyak beredar di masyarakat hal ini dikarenakan penggunaannya yang lebih efisien, dimana nasabah tidak perlu datang ke bank untuk menarik dana. Terhadap penggunaan fasilitas ATM memunculkan permasalahan mengenai bagaimana pelaksanaan perlindungan konsumen nasabah pengguna Bank X ditinjau dari ketentuan perlindungan konsumen yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No. 14/17/DASP tentang Penyelenggaraan Kegiatan Alat Pembayaran dengan Menggunakan Kartu (APMK) dan bagaimana perlindungan konsumen didalam Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No.14/17/DASP tentang Penyelenggaraan Kegiatan Alat Pembayaran dengan Menggunakan Kartu (APMK) dibandingkan dengan ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang No.8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif, didukung dengan hasil wawancara dengan narasumber. Pengaturan perlindungan konsumen didalam Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No. 14/17/DASP tentang Penyelenggaraan Kegiatan Alat Pembayaran dengan Menggunakan Kartu (APMK) telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Materi yang dimuat dalam perubahan Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia ini antara lain mencakup: prinsip perlindungan nasabah, prinsip kehati-hatian, standar keamanan APMK, kerjasama antara penyelenggara APMK dengan pihak lain, dan penyampaian laporan. Akan tetapi pelaksanaan perlindungan konsumen terhadap nasabah pengguna Bank X tidak sesuai ketentuan perlindungan konsumen yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.

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Automatted teller machine (ATM) is a facility to transfer money electronically and it is the most widely circulated in the community, this is due to its efficiency, where the customer does not need to come to the bank to withdraw money. Against the use of ATM facilities eliciting the problem of how to the implementation of consumer protection customers users Bank X review of the terms of consumer protection that is listed in the law on Consumers’ Protection and Bank Indonesia circular letter No. 14/17/DASP about Organizing activities of the means of payment using the card (APMK) and how consumer protection in the circular letter of Bank Indonesia No. 14/17/DASP about Organizing activities of the means of payment using the card (APMK) compared with the provision in the Act No. 8 of 1999 on the protection of consumers. The research method used is the juridical normative research, supported by interviews with the speakers. Consumer protection arrangements in the circular letter of Bank Indonesia No. 14/17/DASP about Organizing activities of the means of payment using the card (APMK) were in accordance with the consumer protection act. The material contained in the circular letter of Bank Indonesia changes include the following: the principle of customer protection, the principle of prudence, APMK security standards, cooperation between the organizers of the APMK with the other side, and the submission of the report. However, the implementation of consumer protection against the client user Bank X does not match the consumer protection provisions set forth in Act No. 8 of 1999 on the protection of consumers."

"Sebagai salah satu cabang dari industri hiburan yang berkembang dengan pesat, pertunjukan musik semakin marak diselenggarakan dengan banyak peminat. Saat membeli tiket, konsumen tentu memiliki harapan bahwa pertunjukan musik akan diselenggarakan dengan kualitas yang maksimal, berfasilitas layak, dan sesuai dengan yang telah dijanjikan sebelumnya. Akan tetapi, kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pertunjukan musik sering kali diwarnai dengan berbagai permasalahan mengenai kualitas, seperti buruknya sistem tata suara, penataan tempat duduk yang tidak sesuai, dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menelaah lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana pelindungan hukum yang diberikan terhadap ketidakpuasan konsumen atas kualitas penyelenggaraan pertunjukan musik, pertanggungjawaban pelaku usaha sebagai penyelenggara, serta upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh konsumen yang menderita kerugian, dengan merujuk langsung kepada Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia, sekaligus membandingkannya dengan peraturan-peraturan hukum yang ada dalam negara Finlandia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan tipe penelitian deskriptif analitis, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak konsumen saat pertunjukan musik berlangsung di Indonesia dalam praktiknya belum terlaksana dengan maksimal dan masih tergolong lemah. Atas kerugian yang dialaminya, konsumen pertunjukan musik dapat menempuh upaya hukum dengan jalur di luar pengadilan, melalui lembaga terkait yakni BPSK di Indonesia atau Consumer Disputes Board di Finlandia, maupun dengan jalur litigasi melalui pengadilan. Bentuk pertanggungjawaban yang diberikan oleh penyelenggara umumnya berupa pengembalian dana atau refund. Berbeda dengan lembaga penyelesaian sengketa Finlandia yang telah memiliki terobosan hukum dalam memberikan pelindungan secara lebih kepada konsumen pertunjukan musik terkait masalah kualitas, lemahnya kesadaran konsumen akan hak-haknya dan kurangnya tanggung jawab dari penyelenggara pertunjukan musik menyebabkan banyak dari kasus-kasus buruknya kualitas pertunjukan musik di Indonesia belum berakhir dengan menguntungkan konsumen.

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As a branch of the rapidly growing entertainment industry, live music performances are increasingly being held with many enthusiasts. When agreeing to buy tickets, consumers certainly have the expectation that music performances will be held with maximum quality, proper facilities, and most importantly–in accordance with what has been promised before. However, the reality shows that the implementation of live music performances is often marked by various quality problems, such as poor sound systems, unsuitable seating arrangements, and so on. This research was conducted to further examine how legal protection is provided against consumer dissatisfaction with the quality of live music performances, the responsibility of business actors as organizers, as well as legal remedies that can be taken by consumers who suffer losses, by referring directly to Law No. 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection in Indonesia, as well as comparing it with existing legal regulations in Finland. By using normative juridical research method and descriptive-analytical research type, the results of this research showed that practically, the legal protection of consumer rights on live music performances in Indonesia has not been implemented optimally and is still relatively weak. For the losses suffered, consumers of live music performances may legally pursue the organizers through related institutions outside the court, namely the BPSK in Indonesia or the Consumer Disputes Board in Finland, or by filing a lawsuit through the Court. The form of liability provided by the organizers is generally in the form of a refund. In contrast to the Finnish dispute resolution institution which has had a legal breakthrough in providing more protection to music performance consumers regarding quality issues, the weak awareness of consumers about their rights and the lack of responsibility of music show organizers have resulted in many cases of poor quality music performances in Indonesia not ending up benefiting consumers."

"Berkembangnya peer to peer lending di Indonesia menimbulkan isu perlindungan konsumen. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana regulator dapat mengacu pada peraturan pinjam meminjam bank umum untuk mengeluarkan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan untuk melindungi peminjam dan pemberi pinjaman dalam industri peer to peer lending di Indonesia. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi perbedaan hukum dan peraturan dalam kredit perbankan dengan peer to peer lending serta bagaimana peer to peer lending seharusnya dapat diatur jika mengacu pada hukum dan peraturan kredit perbankan. Pendekatan penelitian ini merupakan yuridisial-normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dan menggunakan bahan sekunder serta wawancara dengan Ivan Tambunan, CEO Akseleran. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan perlindungan konsumen peer to peer lending di Indonesia fokus pada mitigasi risiko informasi teknologi dan belum mengeluarkan peraturan yang menetapkan perlindungan konsumen terhadap kredit termasuk aktivitas debt collector, kredit macet, dan mitigasi risiko kredit. Setelah mengidentifikasi perbedaan antara bank umum dan peer to peer lending, hukum dan peraturan bank umum dapat dijadikan acuan untuk industri peer to peer lending dengan batasan-batasan. Setelah melakukan perbandingan, hukum dan peraturan kredit bank yang dapat menjadi referensi untuk perlindungan hukum peer to peer lending adalah terkait dengan (i) prinsip kehati-hatian; (ii) mitigasi kredit; (iii) kebijakan kredit; dan (iv) kualitas aset yang diatur dalam pinjaman pada bank umum untuk diterapkan dalam industri peer to peer lending. Menyadari masalah ini, OJK dapat mempertimbangkan untuk merevisi atau menyusun undang-undang hukum dan peraturan untuk melindungi konsumen dalam peer to peer lending khususnya dalam aspek kredit.

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Amid the rise of peer to peer lending in Indonesia, consumer protection issues in the industry has been prevalent. This undergraduate thesis aims to analyze how regulators may refer to conventional credit regulations in issuing regulations to protect borrowers and lenders in Indonesia peer to peer lending industry. It discuss on how consumer protection regulation in peer to peer lending differ with lending in conventional bank in Indonesia and how peer to peer lending should be regulated in protecting consumers by referring to conventional bank credit regulations. This is a juridicial-normative research approach by using secondary sources including an interview with the CEO of Akseleran, Ivan Tambunan. The research shows that Indonesian peer to peer lending regulation on consumer protection focuses on information system risk mitigation and have not issued regulations specifying consumer protection on credit including debt-collecting activities, credit default, and credit risk mitigation. In conclusion, after identifying the differences of peer to peer lending and conventional credit laws and regulations regarding to consumer protection, the laws and regulations that can be applicable for peer to peer lending industry are (i) prudential principle (ii) risk mitigation (iii) credit policy; and (iv) assets quality regulated under conventional loan to be applied in the peer to peer lending industry. Recognizing this issue, OJK shall work hand in hand with AFPBI as Indonesia Peer to Peer Lending Self- Regulatory Body to revise or promulgate laws and regulations to protect peer to peer lending consumer’s interest specialized in the credit aspects."

"[Tesis ini membahas mengenai pengaturan tentang pembelian kembalisaham atau yang sering disebut dengan buyback di pasar modal Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh Bank Tbk. yang secara khusus diatur dalam Peraturan Bapepam Nomor XI.B.2, namun dalam kondisi krisis global yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini, Bapepam mengeluarkan peraturan baru yang mengatur mengenai buyback pada kondisi pasar yang berfluktuasi secara signifikan, yaitu Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 2/POJK.04/2013. Peraturan baru tersebut memberi sejumlahkelonggaran dalam pelaksanaan buyback, terutama batas pembelian kembali saham yang dinaikkan menjadi 20% serta tidak perlu meminta persetujuan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (“RUPS”) terlebih dahulu. Digunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yang bertujuan untuk menemukan masalah (problem finding) untuk kemudian menuju pada suatu penelitian untuk mengatasi masalah (problem solution). Permasalahan kemudian tibul dikarenakan adanya kelonggaran tentangkewajiban dilaksanakannya RUPS dalam pelaksanaan buyback saham yang mengakibatkan tersinggungnya / berkurangnya perlindungan terhadap pemegang saham perusahaan karena beralihnya kewenangan RUPS menjadi kewenangan Direksi perusahaan. Selanjutnya, bagaimana apabila setelah melakukan buyback, perseroan tetap mengalami kerugian, sehingga dalam hal ini direksi dapat saja dimintakan pertanggungjawabannya, namun untuk itu harus terlebih dahuludibuktikan bahwa direksi telah melanggar fiduciary duty-nya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai tata cara dan persyaratan dalam pelaksanaan buyback oleh Bank sebagai emiten atau perusahaan publik berdasarkan Peraturan Bapepam Nomor XI.B.2 dan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 2/POJK.04/2013, perlindungan pemegang saham dan tanggung jawab Direksi terhadap buyback yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan.;This thesis discusses on regulations related to share buyback by a PublicBank in Indonesian capital market that is specifically regulated in Bapepam Regulation Number XI.B.2, however in the current global crisis conditions, Bapepam has issued new regulations regulating on share buyback in the market conditions which fluctuating significantly, namely Financial Service Authority Regulations (“POJK”) Number 2/POJK.04/2013. Such new regulation gives some flexibilities in the buy back execution, particularly the limit of shares buy backincreased to be 20% and it is not necessary to get prior approval from the General Meeting of Shareholders. In this thesis is used literature research methodology with the aims to find out the problem (problem finding) and then to go to a research to overcome the problem (problem solution). The problem arises when the regulation causes a loose on the company’s obligation in conducting a Shareholders’ Meeting (related to share buyback), thus giving the Borad of Director of the company, on their sole discretion, to conduct share buyback. Thisaction gives an impact to the shareholders’ rights, in the meaning that the shareholders in this case do not have the right to participate nor give votes in the company’s corporate actions (in this case, share buyback). Furthermore, if the share buyback costs losses to the company, the Board of Directors of the company should be asked for its accountability, but to do so, it must be previously provedthat the Board of Directors has violated its fiduciary duty, in which it also corresponds to a doctrine namely the doctrine of business judgment rule. This study discusses the procedures and requirements in the implementation of the share buyback by the Issuer or public company based on Bapepam Regulations Number XI.B.2 and POJK Number 2/POJK.04/2013, the protection towards the company’s shareholders and the responsibility of the Board of Directors towardthe share buyback in relation to the doctrine of business judgment rule;This thesis discusses on regulations related to share buyback by a PublicBank in Indonesian capital market that is specifically regulated in BapepamRegulation Number XI.B.2, however in the current global crisis conditions,Bapepam has issued new regulations regulating on share buyback in the marketconditions which fluctuating significantly, namely Financial Service AuthorityRegulations (“POJK”) Number 2/POJK.04/2013. Such new regulation gives someflexibilities in the buy back execution, particularly the limit of shares buy backincreased to be 20% and it is not necessary to get prior approval from the GeneralMeeting of Shareholders. In this thesis is used literature research methodologywith the aims to find out the problem (problem finding) and then to go to aresearch to overcome the problem (problem solution). The problem arises whenthe regulation causes a loose on the company’s obligation in conducting aShareholders’ Meeting (related to share buyback), thus giving the Borad ofDirector of the company, on their sole discretion, to conduct share buyback. Thisaction gives an impact to the shareholders’ rights, in the meaning that theshareholders in this case do not have the right to participate nor give votes in thecompany’s corporate actions (in this case, share buyback). Furthermore, if theshare buyback costs losses to the company, the Board of Directors of the companyshould be asked for its accountability, but to do so, it must be previously provedthat the Board of Directors has violated its fiduciary duty, in which it alsocorresponds to a doctrine namely the doctrine of business judgment rule. Thisstudy discusses the procedures and requirements in the implementation of theshare buyback by the Issuer or public company based on Bapepam RegulationsNumber XI.B.2 and POJK Number 2/POJK.04/2013, the protection towards thecompany’s shareholders and the responsibility of the Board of Directors towardthe share buyback in relation to the doctrine of business judgment rule, This thesis discusses on regulations related to share buyback by a PublicBank in Indonesian capital market that is specifically regulated in BapepamRegulation Number XI.B.2, however in the current global crisis conditions,Bapepam has issued new regulations regulating on share buyback in the marketconditions which fluctuating significantly, namely Financial Service AuthorityRegulations (“POJK”) Number 2/POJK.04/2013. Such new regulation gives someflexibilities in the buy back execution, particularly the limit of shares buy backincreased to be 20% and it is not necessary to get prior approval from the GeneralMeeting of Shareholders. In this thesis is used literature research methodologywith the aims to find out the problem (problem finding) and then to go to aresearch to overcome the problem (problem solution). The problem arises whenthe regulation causes a loose on the company’s obligation in conducting aShareholders’ Meeting (related to share buyback), thus giving the Borad ofDirector of the company, on their sole discretion, to conduct share buyback. Thisaction gives an impact to the shareholders’ rights, in the meaning that theshareholders in this case do not have the right to participate nor give votes in thecompany’s corporate actions (in this case, share buyback). Furthermore, if theshare buyback costs losses to the company, the Board of Directors of the companyshould be asked for its accountability, but to do so, it must be previously provedthat the Board of Directors has violated its fiduciary duty, in which it alsocorresponds to a doctrine namely the doctrine of business judgment rule. Thisstudy discusses the procedures and requirements in the implementation of theshare buyback by the Issuer or public company based on Bapepam RegulationsNumber XI.B.2 and POJK Number 2/POJK.04/2013, the protection towards thecompany’s shareholders and the responsibility of the Board of Directors towardthe share buyback in relation to the doctrine of business judgment rule]"

"Kebutuhan manusia untuk mengikuti perkembangan ekonomi telah menjadikan telekomunikasi sebagai salah satu media yang sering digunakan untuk melangsungkan penjualan dan pembelian barang dan/atau jasa sehingga kebutuhan akan suatu layanan jasa telekomunikasi tidak dapat dihindari. Dalam penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi, terdapat berbagai macam metode penawaran yang dapat dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha. Salah satu metode yang menjadi perhatian adalah Negative Option, yaitu suatu metode penawaran barang dan/atau jasa dimana kegagalan konsumen untuk mengambil tindakan tegas, baik untuk menolak suatu penawaran atau membatalkan suatu perjanjian, ditafsirkan oleh pelaku usaha sebagai suatu bentuk persetujuan untuk membebankan biaya atas barang dan/atau jasa tersebut. Kasus yang belakangan ini muncul ke permukaan adalah kasus David M. L. Tobing yang dibebankan biaya secara berkelanjutan oleh PT. Telekomunikasi Seluler (Telkomsel) atas suatu fitur berbayar jasa telekomunikasi yaitu Opera Mini sedangkan ia tidak pernah memberikan persetujuan atas penawaran tersebut. Secara garis besar, permasalahan Negative Option pada perlindungan konsumen dalam kaitannya dengan penyelenggaraan jasa telekomunikasi di Indonesia muncul pada ada atau tidaknya persetujuan antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen serta pembebanan biaya atas barang dan/atau jasa yang bersangkutan. Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen jasa telekomunikasi tidak hanya diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, tetapi juga diatur dalam Undang-undang No. 36 Tahun 1999 tentang Telekomunikasi. Namun demikian, konsep penyelenggaraan jasa telekomunikasi dengan mengunakan Negative Option menimbulkan kesenjangan dalam praktik dengan aturan yang semestinya diterapkan baik yang berkaitan dengan masalah keperdataaan maupun perlindungan konsumen sehingga mendorong kebutuhan akan dibentuknya kerangka peraturan secara khusus mengenai Negative Option.

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The human need to keep pace with the economic development has given the influence on making telecommunication as one of the medias that is utilized for the purpose of conducting trade of goods and/or services, thereby can not be sidestepped. In the operation of telecommunication, there is a large array of offer methods that can be carried out by business doers. A method in particular that has been given prominence to is negative option in which the consumer?s failure to take an affirmative action, either to reject an offer or cancel an agreement, is deciphered as an assent to be charged for good and/or services. A case in point that has came to surface is the case of David M. L. Tobing who was charged continuously by PT. Telekomunikasi Seluler (Telkomsel) for a telecommunication service called Opera Mini that he never gave assent for. As a précis, the problems of negative option with regards to consumer protection in the operation of telecommunication services in Indonesia arise depending on whether there is an agreement between business doers and consumers as well as the charging of cost on the goods and/or services. Legal protection for consumers of telecommunication services is stipulated not only in Law No. 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection, but also in Law No. 36 of 1999 on Telecommunication. Nevertheless, such concept with the negative option method has created a void among the practice and regulation that should have been enforced well, whether it is with respect to civil issues or consumer protection issues, thus propelling the need for a framework of regulations specifically about negative option."

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Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat pesat menyebabkan adanya perubahan pada pola transaksi pada masyarakat. Saat ini masyarakat telah beralih melakukan jual beli secara online dengan menggunakan fasilitas Internet. Seiring dengan berkembangnya hal tersebut perjanjian yang digunakan dalam transaksi jual beli juga berkembang begitu pesat. Saat ini dikenal sebuah kontrak yang disebut sebagai smart contract yang mungkin masih cukup jarang diaplikasikan di Indonesia. Namun, perbincangan mengenai smart contract sudah cukup banyak ditemukan. Adapun di Singapura sebagai negara tetangga dari Indonesia terdapat e-commerce yang telah menggunakan kontrak dalam bentuk smart contract. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pada tulisan ini penulis akan membahas tentang keabsahan smart contract serta perlindungan konsumen apabila terdapat kesalahan sistem dalam eksekusi dari smart contract dalam e-commerce itu sendiri. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat menganalisa kesiapan dari peraturan perundang-undangan terkait perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia berkaitan dengan diterapkannya smart contract dalam e-commerce. Setelah melakukan penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia serta Singapura dan menggunakan teori pacta sunt servanda juga teori perlindungan hukum Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa smart contract merupakan suatu perjanjian yang sah serta mengikat sepanjang terpenuhinya persyaratan-persyaratan yang penulis uraikan dalam tesis ini. Selain itu, Baik Indonesia dan Singapura dari sisi regulasi dapat dikatakan sudah mencakup perlindungan pada konsumen sehubungan dengan penerapan smart contract pada e-commerce. Namun, penulis menyarankan bahwa demi adanya kepastian hukum yang lebih baik, Indonesia dapat dengan eksplisit menyebut smart contract dalam peraturan-peraturan yang relevan dan mengatur mengenai pengakuan smart contract, jenis-jenisnya serta persyaratan yang lebih sepesifik. Namun, dari  dikarenakan hukum Indonesia, pada dasarnya sudah memiliki pengaturan yang melindungan konsumen. Oleh karenanya, pemerintah dapat mendorong penggunaan smart contract dalam e-commerce dikarenakan manfaatnya yang banyak dalam e-commerce.

Kata Kunci: Smart Contract, E-Commerce, Kontrak, Perjanjian

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Abstract

The development of information technology is very rapid causing a change in the pattern of transactions in the society. Currently the society has switched to purchasing and selling through online platform using Internet facilities. Along with the development of this agreement that is used in buying and selling transactions is also growing rapidly. Currently there is a contract known as a smart contract that may still be rarely applied in Indonesia. However, there are quite a lot of discussions about smart contracts. As for Singapore as a neighboring country of Indonesia has e-commerce that uses contracts in the form of smart contracts. Based on such explanation in this thesis, the author will discuss in depth regarding the validity of smart contracts and consumer protection if there are system errors in the execution of smart contracts in e-commerce itself. This thesis is also made to analyze the readiness of laws and regulations related to consumer protection in Indonesia with regard to the implementation of smart contracts in e-commerce. After conducting normative juridical research using the regulatory approach in Indonesia and Singapore and using the pacta sunt servanda theory as well as legal protection theory, the author concludes that the smart contract is a valid and binding agreement as long as it meets the requirements that the authors describe in this thesis. In addition, in terms of regulations, both Indonesia and Singapore already have protection of consumers in connection with the implementation of smart contracts in e-commerce. However, the authors suggest that for a better legal certainty, Indonesia should explicitly mention smart contracts in relevant regulations and regulate the recognition of smart contracts, their types and more specific requirements. However, due to Indonesian law, basically has already provide protection for consumers. Therefore, the government can encourage the use of smart contracts in e-commerce because of its benefits in e-commerce.

 

Keywords: Smart Contract, E-Commerce, Contract, Agreement

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"Klausula baku adalah suatu klausula atau syarat-syarat dan ketentuan standar yang dibakukan dan dibuat secara sepihak oleh pelaku usaha dalam hubungannya dengan konsumen. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan klausula baku pada tiket valet parking berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, beserta masalah-masalah yang terjadi di dalamnya. Analisis terhadap permasalahan yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini dilakukan dengan mengacu pada ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, khususnya Pasal 18 yang mengatur mengenai klausula baku. Penulis berpendapat bahwa pengawasan terhadap klausula baku adalah tanggung jawab bersama dari pemerintah, pelaku usaha, lembaga perlindungan konsumen swadaya masyarakat, dan masyarakat itu sendiri selaku konsumen.

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Standard clause is a clause or terms and standard provisions that are standardized and made unilaterally by businesses in relation to consumers. This thesis discusses the application of standard clause in the valet parking ticket based on the Consumer Protection Law, along with the problems that occured with it.

The analysis of the problems discussed in this thesis is done based on the Law Number 8 of 1999 regarding Consumer Protection, especially in Article 18 which regulate about the standard clause. The author argue that the control to the application of standard clause is a shared responsibility of government, companies, non-government organization, and the society itself as a consumer."

"Klausula baku adalah suatu klausula atau syarat - syarat dan ketentuan standar yang dibakukan dan dibuat secara sepihak oleh pelaku usaha dalam hubungan mereka dengan para konsumen. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan klausula baku pada perjanjian sewa menyewa Safe Deposit Box berdasarkan Undang - Undang Perlindungan Konsumen beserta masalah - masalah yang terjadi di dalamnya. Analisis terhadap permasalahan yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini dilakukan dengan mengacu pada ketentuan Undang - Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, khususnya Pasal 18 yang mengatur mengenai klausula baku. Oleh karena itu, penulis berpendapat bahwa pengawasan terhadap klausula baku adalah tanggung jawab bersama dari pemerintah, pelaku usaha, lembaga perlindungan konsumen swadaya masyarakat, dan masyarakat itu sendiri selaku konsumen

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Standard Clause is a standardized clause which is made unilaterally by the company in any transaction with the consumers. This thesis concern about the application of standard clauses on the lease agreement of Safe Deposit Box based on Consumer Protection Law, and also the problem that occurred with it. The analysis of the problem which is discussed in this thesis is based on the Law Number 8 of 1999 regarding Consumer Protection, especially in Article 18 which regulate about the standard clause. Therefore, I think that the control to the application of standard clause is a shared responsibility of government, companies, non-government organization, and the society itself as a consumer"