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"When published in 1986, this book was the first to survey intonation in all its aspects, both in English and universally. In this updated edition, while the basic descriptive facts of the form and use of intonation are presented in the British nuclear tone tradition, there is nevertheless extensive comparison with other theoretical frameworks, in particular with the ToBI framework, which has become widespread in the United States. In this new edition Alan Cruttenden expands the sections on historical background, different theoretical approaches and sociolinguistic variation. After introductory chapters on the physiology and acoustics of pitch, he describes in detail the forms and functions of intonation in English and discusses the sociolinguistic and dialectal variations in intonation. The concluding chapter provides an overview of the state of the art in intonational studies. Intonation remains the basic reference book on the subject for linguists, phoneticians, speech therapists and all those concerned with speech in any way."

"This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure from a phonological perspective. It explores topics such as individual tones and how they combine, how information This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure. Taking a phonological perspective, it shows how morpho-syntactic constituents are mapped to prosodic constituents according to well-formedness conditions. Using a tone-sequence model of intonation, it explores individual tones and how they combine, and discusses how information structure affects intonation in several ways, showing tones and melodies to be 'meaningful' in that they add a pragmatic component to what is being said. The author also shows how despite a superficial similarity, languages differ in how their tonal patterns arise from tone concatenation. Lexical tones, stress, phrase tones, and boundary tones are assigned differently in different languages, resulting in great variation in intonational grammar, both at the lexical and sentential level. The last chapter is dedicated to experimental studies of how we process prosody. The book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in linguistics, and particularly in phonological theory."

"This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure from a phonological perspective. It explores topics such as individual tones and how they combine, how information This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure. Taking a phonological perspective, it shows how morpho-syntactic constituents are mapped to prosodic constituents according to well-formedness conditions. Using a tone-sequence model of intonation, it explores individual tones and how they combine, and discusses how information structure affects intonation in several ways, showing tones and melodies to be 'meaningful' in that they add a pragmatic component to what is being said. The author also shows how despite a superficial similarity, languages differ in how their tonal patterns arise from tone concatenation. Lexical tones, stress, phrase tones, and boundary tones are assigned differently in different languages, resulting in great variation in intonational grammar, both at the lexical and sentential level. The last chapter is dedicated to experimental studies of how we process prosody. The book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in linguistics, and particularly in phonological theory."

"ABSTRAKAdanya interferensi bahasa ibu menyebabkan tuturan bahasa Indonesia memiliki intonasi yang beragam. Karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan intonasi Bahasa Indonesia yang dihasilkan penutur Batak Toba yang berada di lingkungan masyarakat berbahasa Batak Toba BTM dan penutur Batak Toba di lingkungan masyarakat berbahasa Indonesia BTJ . Penelitian fonetik eksperimental dengan pendekatan IPO digunakan untuk menganalisis data tuturan bahasa Indonesia yang dihasilkan penutur BTM dan BTJ. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat penyimpangan intonasi Bahasa Indonesia yang dihasilkan penutur BTM dan BTJ dari karakteristik Intonasi Bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis aspek akustik, penutur BTM memiliki karakteristik akustik lebih mirip dengan karakteristik bahasa Batak Toba saat menuturkan kalimat deklaratif. Dalam tuturan interogatif, penutur BTJ memiliki karakteristik intonasi lebih mirip dengan karakteristik kalimat interogatif bahasa Batak Toba. Dalam hal durasi tuturan, saat menuturkan kalimat deklaratif, penutur BTM menghasilkan durasi yang konsisten lebih besar daripada durasi penutur BTJ dan BI. Karena itu, penutur BTM berbicara dengan tempo yang lebih lambat dibandingkan penutur BTJ dan BI dalam menuturkan kalimat deklaratif. Dalam hal kalimat interogatif, penutur Batak Toba baik BTM maupun BTJ, menghasilkan durasi yang konsisten lebih kecil daripada durasi penutur BI. Karena itu, penutur Batak Toba berbicara dengan tempo yang lebih cepat dibandingkan penutur Bahasa Indonesia saat menuturkan kalimat interogatif

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ABSTRACTThe presence of language interference leads to an overwhelming intonation of Indonesian language. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at finding Indonesian intonation produced by Batak Toba speakers in the environment of the Toba Batak community BTM and Batak Toba speakers in the Indonesian language community BTJ . Experimental Phonetic research with IPO approach is used to analyze Indonesian intonation produced by BTM and BTJ speakers. The results of this study indicate that there are deviation of Indonesian intonation pattern produced by BTM and BTJ speakers from Indonesian Intonation characteristic. Based on the acoustic aspect analysis in declarative sentencence, BTM speakers have acoustic characteristics more similar to the characteristics of Toba Batak. In interrogative sentence, BTJ speakers have intonation characteristics more similar to the interrogative sentence characteristics of Toba Batak. Based on the duration of declarative sentences, BTM speakers have the higher duration than the duration of BTJ and BI speakers. Therefore, BTM speakers speak faster than BTJ and BI speakers in declarative sentence. In interrogative sentences, Batak Toba speakers BTM and BTJ have the smaller duration than BI speakers rsquo . Therefore, Toba Batak speakers BTM and BTJ speak faster than BI speakers in the interrogative sentence. Keywords declarative, interrogative, intonation, Toba Batak speaker"

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Intonasi merupakan salah satu aspek yang perlu dikuasai seorang pemelajar bahasa asing karena jika intonasi tidak dituturkan secara tepat, hal itu akan berakibat pada kesalahpahaman (Penny, 1991). Begitu pula pemelajar Korea yang belajar bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi bagaimana intonasi tuturan deklaratif dan interogatif bahasa Indonesia dituturkan oleh pemelajar Korea. Penelitian ini menggunakan subjek penelitian pemelajar BIPA dari Korea yang berada pada tingkat pemula, madya, dan tinggi. Data penelitian berupa tiga tuturan bahasa Indonesia yang terdiri atas dua kalimat tunggal dan satu kalimat majemuk dalam percakapan yang diperankan sebanyak tiga kali. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan IPO dengan tiga kegiatan utama: eksperimen produksi ujaran, analisis akustik ujaran, dan eksperimen uji persepsi ujaran. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa ciri akustik yang menandai ketiga tingkat pemelajar adalah kontur intonasinya. Tinggi nada tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan tingkat pemelajar. Tinggi nada secara khusus hanya menandai kontras tuturan deklaratif dan interogatif. Ciri akustik tuturan tingkat pemula dan madya masih menunjukkan adanya kesamaan dengan pola intonasi bahasa Korea, sedangkan pola intonasi tuturan tingkat tinggi tidak sama dengan bahasa Korea maupun bahasa Indonesia. Hanya kontras tinggi nada tuturan dekalaratif dan interogatif tingkat tinggi yang cenderung sama dengan bahasa Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, semua tuturan dari semua tingkat diterima dengan baik oleh orang Indonesia.

 

 

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Intonation is one of the aspects that need to be mastered by a foreign language learner because if intonation is not spoken correctly, it will result in misunderstanding (Penny, 1991). The idea is applied to Korean who learns Bahasa Indonesia. This study investigates how Korean learners make use of intonation to express declarative and interrogative utterances of Bahasa Indonesia. The subject of this study is native Koreans who study BIPA at the beginner, intermediate, and advance levels. The data of this study are three utterances in Bahasa Indonesia consisting of two single sentences and one compound sentence which then each subject needed to utter for three times. IPO approach is applied with three main activities: speech production experiment, speech acoustic analysis, and speech perception test experiment. This study showed that there is a particular relation between intonation contour and the learners level of comprehension. However, it failed to prove any relationships between pitch and the level of the learners. Regardless, the study found that pitch only marks the contrast of declarative and interrogative speech. The acoustic characteristics of beginner and intermediate speech levels still show similarities with the Korean intonation patterns, while the high-level speech intonation patterns are not the same as Korean and Indonesian. Only the high contrast of high-level declarative and interrogative speech tones tends to be the same as Indonesian. Nevertheless, all speeches from all levels were well received by Indonesians.

 

Keywords: Indonesian intonation pattern; Korean intonation pattern; Indonesian language learners level; declarative sentence; interrogative sentence

 

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"Makalah ini membahas mengenai makna denotasi dan konotasi yang muncul dalam parfum yang dibuat oleh seorang pria yang berasal dari Belarus yang berkolaborasi dengan majalah Leaders, yaitu Vladislav Rekunov. Parfum tersebut adalah parfum " Leaders Number One Inspired by Vladimir Putin" yang merupakan parfum yang terinspirasi oleh sosok presiden Rusia yaitu Vladimir Putin yang telah mengabdi lebih dari 15 tahun dan memiliki kepribadian yang tegas, tangguh, berani dan elegan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menjabarkan makna-makna yang terlihat didalam bentuk parfum "Leaders Number One Inspired by Vladimir Putin" menggunakan teori semiotika denotasi dan konotasi milik Roland Barthes. Adanya unsur-unsur denotasi dan konotasi didalam parfum akan digunakan untuk membuktikan bahwa melalui teori denotasi dan konotasi milik Roland Barthes terdapat kesesuaian antara pesan yang disampaikan pembuat parfum kepada pembeli.

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This paper discusses the meaning of denotations and connotations that appear in perfumes made by a man from Belarus who collaborated with Leaders magazine, namely Vladislav Rekunov. The perfume is "Leaders Number One Inspired by Vladimir Putin" which is a perfume inspired by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin who has served more than 15 years and has a firm, tough, brave and elegant personality. The purpose of this paper is to describe the meanings seen in the form of perfume "Leaders Number One Inspired by Vladimir Putin" using the theory of semiotic denotations and connotations of Roland Barthes. The existence of denotation elements and connotations in perfume will be used to prove that through the theory of denotation and connotation of Roland Barthes there is a match between the message conveyed by perfume makers to perfume buyer."

"We propose a novel identification method of two Indonesian intonation types : declarative and interrogative. The speech data are uttered by Indonesian natives that have different mother tongues...."