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"ABSTRAKJaringan dengan teknologi Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) memungkinkan implementasi sistem komunikasi dari perangkat ke perangkat dengan jumlah yang sangat banyak dalam satu jaringan. Jaringan LPWA sangat efisien dalam hal penggunaan daya dan bandwidth, karena jaringan LPWA menggunakan daya rendah dan beroperasi dengan bandwidth yang sempit serta jangkauan yang luas. Jenis perangkat yang terhubung melalui jaringan LPWA sebagian besar merupakan berbagai jenis sensor, baik sensor untuk kondisi lingkungan, kesehatan, transportasi dan juga sensor untuk mengukur penggunaan energi. Dalam penelitian ini, perangkat yang terhubung ke jaringan LPWA adalah Smart Meter. Smart Meter adalah alat ukur digital yang terdiri dari sensor yang berfungsi melalukan pengukuran dan pencatatan data yang terhubung ke pusat data yang dapat diakses oleh pengguna. Jenis teknologi LPWA yang digunakan adalah LoRa dengan parameter teknis sesuai dengan regulasi yang ada di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang suatu jaringan yang sesuai untuk memenuhi utilitas Smart Meter di wilayah Jakarta dan Tangerang. Implementasi Smart Meter diharapkan dapat memberikan banyak manfaat kepada pengguna dan perusahaan penyedia layanan energi, seperti meningkatkan kualitas layanan, meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan energi, mengurangi biaya operasional, mengurangi susut energi khususnya listrik serta memberikan hasil pengukuran yang akurat untuk memperkirakan kebutuhan energi kedepan.

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ABSTRACTNetwork with LPWA technology (Low Power Wide Area) enables the implementation of communication systems from devices to devices with a very large number in one network. The LPWA network is very efficient in terms of power usage and bandwidth, because the LPWA network uses low power and operates with a narrow bandwidth with wide coverage. Most types of devices connected through the LPWA network are various types of sensors, such as sensors for environmental conditions, health, transportation and sensors to measure energy usage. In this research, the devices which are connected to LPWA network are Smart Meters. Smart Meters are digital measuring devices consisting of sensors with functions of measuring and recording data which connected to a data center that can be accessed by users. The type of technology LPWA used in this research is LoRa with technical parameters in accordance with regulations in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to design and plan an appropriate network to comply Smart Meter utilities in the Jakarta and Tangerang areas. Smart Meter implementation is expected to provide many benefits to users and energy service companies, such as improving service quality, increasing energy usage efficiency, reducing operational costs, reducing energy and electricity losses also providing accurate measurement results to estimate future energy requirements."

"In this book the authors first provide a comprehensive survey on the available studies on control, management, and optimization strategies in AC and DC microgrids. The authors then provide the design of a laboratory-scale microgrid system. Finally, a real-world implementation of the deigned framework is provided. This book paves the way for researchers working on the smart microgrids spread over the fields of electrical engineering, power systems, and smart infrastructures. Furthermore, it provides the readers with a comprehensive insight to understand an in-depth big picture of smart microgrids as well as an all-inclusive framework for laboratory-scale implementation of a microgrid. It is suitable for senior undergraduate students, graduate students who are interested in research in areas related to future smart grids and microgrids, and the researchers working in the related areas. This book also can be used as a reference book for researchers who want to develop laboratories on smart microgrids for future research."

"Pada tugas akhir ini telah dilakukan perancangan dan evaluasi. Keseluruhan sistem dan pengembangan menggunakan FPGA Xilinx Spartan-3E. Smart Stick berfungsi sebagai alat bantu berjalan bagi orang buta dalam menentukan arah. Sistem Smart Stick menggunakan 3 buah sensor ultrasonik dengan posisi pemasangan pada bagian depan, kanan, dan kiri. Sensor ultrasonik sebagai modul input akan mendeteksi keberadaan objek disekitar Smart Stick. Pembatasan jarak baca sensor sejauh 100 cm yang berfungsi sebagai jarak aman bagi pengguna smart stick. FPGA yang digunakan adalah FPGA Xilinx Spartan-3E sebagai controller, buzzer sebagai modul output akan mengeluarkan bunyi peringatan sebagai tanda bahwa sensor mendeteksi adanya penghalang. Percobaan ini menunjukkan semua kinerja subsistem yang memuaskan.

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In this final project Smart Stick has been designed and evaluated. The system and development use FPGA Xilinx Spartan-3E. Smart Stick serves as a tool for blind people to determine the direction for walking. Smart Stick system uses 3 pieces of ultrasonic sensors with mounting position on the front, right, and left. Ultrasonic sensors as the input module detect the presence of objects around the Smart Stick. The sensors read having distance limitation as far as 100 cm, this is a safe distance for the Smart Stick user. FPGA used is FPGA Xilinx Spartan-3E as a controller, buzzer as output modules will issue a warning sound as a sign that the sensor detects the presence of a barrier. The experiment show me all the subsystems performed satisfactorily."

"A rapid increase in Sensor markets creates an optical sensor to be a best target for many researchers and scientists for their designing simplicity and easy implementation for a required task. Because of the breadth of optical bio applications, the challenges to design and functioning of an optical sensor for a particular task requires knowledge of optical, material, and environmental properties that affect sensor performance. This undergraduate thesis consists of experiments performed to develop a light intensity and power meter. This can be used to study the interaction between the optical signal and the target, the effect of the environment on propagation of the optical signal, methods to enhance the optical signal, and materials used to generate reliable optical source and to produce sensors with ultra high precision. In optical market several light meters are available to measure luminance values in lux or footcandles. These state of the art light meters measure only the luminance of the area on which the light fall, and displayed over LCD screen. The system designed by the author of this report after performing experiments, follows the state of the art calibration procedure, by taking advantage of the inverse power law that the photo detectors obey to provide user with best accuracy in power and light intensity measurement with graphical user interface. The system provide two parallel sensor data streams feed directly to microcontroller and graphic user interface over serial communication port, hence providing a user with capability to re-modify formulas and other parameters accordingly in GUI. This experiment uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) as a light sensor to build a light intensity and power meter. The instrument uses microcontroller "Arduino" Atmega32 chip with 10 bit ADC resolution as a data measurement processing centre. The results measured by data processing are displayed on LCD screen, and graph is plotted over GUI. With datasheet available on internet, few important parameters can be calculated such as speed response, working frequency, temperature effect and other losses for a microcontroller and sensor used in. The microcontroller is programmed to calculate and calibrate the input LDR value and display the calibrated data output over LCD screen. The system is also designed and programmed to provide serial communication interface for real time data plotting and data saving over various software like matlab, labview, excel, GUI etc."

"Dalam beberapa tahun ini, telah banyak penelitian mengenai pengenalan pola yang dilakukan dengan jarigan syaraf tiruan. Skripsi ini membahas sistem pengenalan pola berbasis Jaringan Saraf Tunggal (JST). Penelitian ini membahas metode pembelajaran Levenberg Marquardt dalam melakukan pengenalan pola. Terdapat 9 dataset pola, 8 dataset dari "UCI Repository of Machine Learning Database" dan satu set dari data uranium dioxide pellet. Prosedur kerja sistem terdiri dari tahap pra-pemrosesan, pelatihan, dan pengujian. Hasil pengujian yang ditinjau dari computational cost dan recognition rate menunjukkan JSE berbasis metode Levenberg Marquardt memberikan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan JST berbasis metode Levenberg Marquardt atau Backpropagation.

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In recent years, many people have been working on pattern recognition using artificial neural network. This bachelor pra-thesis discuss about pattern recognition system based on Single Neural Network (SNN). This research discuss about Levenberg Marquardt learning algorithm in pattern recognition.There are 9 datasheets used in this experiment, which 8 of them are obtained from "UCI Repository of Machine Learning Database" and and one dataset of uranium dioxide pellet. The working procedures of the systems consists of pre-processing, training, and testing stages.

The testing result, which is measured from computational computational cost and recognition rate, shows that ENN based on Levenberg Marquardt learning algorithm has a better performance than SNN based on Levenberg Marquardt or Backpropagation."

"Pada masa sekarang ini, teknologi semakin berkembang dan terus berkembang dengan cepat. Terutama kebutuhan adanya teknologi automasi yang memerlukan pengembangan lebih dalam lagi sehingga dapat menghasilkan teknologi cerdas yang dapat merespon tanggapan dengan cepat. Penelitian ini melakukan percobaan penerapan jaringan saraf tiruan radial basis function menggunakan metode backward dan metode Orthogonal Least Square (OLS). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan dapat dilihat bahwa penerapan jaringan saraf tiruan radial basis function metode OLS memiliki proses pelatihan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan penerapan jaringan saraf tiruan radial basis function metode backward. Selain itu, tingkat keakuratan yang dimiliki jaringan saraf tiruan radial basis function metode OLS juga tinggi.

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In recent years, technology get better and better. The need of automatic technology that need to be developed more serious so it can result smart technology that can response the stimulation quickly. This research do experimentation on radial basis function neural network using backward methode and Orthogonal Least Square (OLS) methode and then compared with backpropagation neural network.

Based on result of experimentation we can conclude that radial basis function neural network using Orthogonal Least Square (OLS) method has training processing time faster than radial basis function neural network using backward method. Beside of that, radial basis function neural network using Orthogonal Least Square (OLS) method has high accuracy too."

"Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sebuah evaluasi dari jaringan serat optik di sebuah institusi perguruan tinggi yang berlokasi di Depok dan metode peningkatannya. Jaringan serat optik tersebut merupakan sebuah jaringan serat optik yang secara keseluruhan terletak di bawah tanah yang dirancang berdasarkan topologi star yang berpusat pada gedung Pusat Ilmu Komputer dari institusi tersebut. Jaringan serat optik ini termasuk kedalam tipe active optical network (AON) yang mengandalkan peralatan elektronik aktif untuk melakukan operasi switching yang dilakukan di layer 3 dari model OSI Layer. Jaringan serat optik ini terdiri dari gabungan antara single-mode fiber dan multi-mode fiber yang digunakan secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan cahaya dengan panjang gelombang 850 nm untuk multi-mode dan 1350 nm untuk single-mode. Kapasitas total dari jaringan serat optik ini untuk saat ini adalah 2.6 Gbps dengan 1.6 Gbps untuk penggunaan internet internasional dan 1 Gbps untuk penggunaan internet domestik. Kapasitas internet internasional tersebut dibagi lagi menjadi dua, 0.8 Gbps diarahkan menuju Telkom dan 0.8 Gbps sisanya menuju Indosat. Jaringan tersebut juga tersambung dengan area kampus Salemba yang letaknya terpisah melalui Metro Ethernet Indosat dengan kecepatan 270 mbps. Pada penelitian ini, dikemukakan sebuah ide bahwa sambungan tersebut dapat dikembangkan lagi menuju institusi perguruan tinggi lainnya untuk meningkatkan kesinambungan antara perguruan-perguruan tinggi di Indonesia.

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This paper presents an evaluation of a fiber optic network of a higher education institution that is located in Depok and its improvement methods. The fiber optic network in question is a wholly underground network with designs based on the star topology centered in said institution’s Center for Computer Science. The fiber optic network is an active optical network (AON) which relies on a set of electrically powered switches to perform switching or routing operations which is conducted in the layer 3 of the OSI Layer model. The fiber optic network utilizes a combination of both single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber concurrently with the 850 nm wavelength reserved for the multi-mode fiber and 1350 nm wavelength for the single-mode fiber. The current total capacity of the network is 2.6 Gbps with 1.6 Gbps allocated for international connections and the remaining 1 Gbps for domestic internet connections. The 1.6 Gbps bandwidth for international connection is further divided into two halves, 0.8 Gbps is routed through Telkom and the other half is routed through Indosat. This network is also connected to an off-site campus located at Salemba through Indosat's Metro Ethernet network with a data rate of 270 mbps. This paper presents the idea of expanding this connection to include other higher education institution to increase the degree of connectivity between educational institutions in Indonesia."

"Keandalan sistem tenaga listrik sangat penting mengingat tingginya permintaan kontinuitas penyaluran dari sumber energi listrik ke beban. Semakin tinggi tingkat keandalan maka akan semakin baik juga sistem tersebut. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi keandalan suatu sistem, salah satunya adalah proteksi dari sistem tersebut. Kecepatan pelayanan dan pengusutan gangguan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dan keandalan jaringan.Sistem catu daya tanpa putus diciptakan untuk menjaga kontinuitas penyaluran daya di mana tidak diizinkan terjadinya pemadaman suplai energi listrik ke beban. Sistem ini banyak diterapkan di beberapa tempat oleh konsumen-konsumen tertentu, salah satunya PT.Telekomunikasi Indonesia yang terhubung pada Penyulang Serambi. Sistem proteksi dan manuver yang baik dengan optimasi penambahan kerja rele pada setiap gardu distribusi akan dapat meningkatkan keandalan jaringan dari terjadinya pemadaman akibat hubung singkat yang ditunjukkan oleh semakin singkatnya waktu pengidentifikasian gangguan.

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Reliability of the electric power systemis very important which had a high demand for continuity electric distribution from the electrical source to the load. The higher level, the better reliability ofthe system will get. Many factors affect the reliability of a system, one of which is the protection system. No-break system designed to maintain continuity of the distribution of power in which the cuts are not allowed to supply electrical energy to the load.

No-break system was widely applied in some places by certain consumer sone of which is PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia which connected to the Serambi Feeder. Protection system and good maneuverability with optimization additional relay which work on every distribution substation will be able to increase the network reliability due to a short circuit which is shown by the brevity of interference time identifying."

"ABSTRAKPada skripsi ini dilakukan perancangan concurrent quadband bandpass filter yang beroperasi pada frekuensi tengah 950 MHz dan 1.85 GHz untuk aplikasi GSM, 2.35 GHz untuk aplikasi WiMAX, dan 2.65 GHz untuk aplikasi LTE secara simultan. Rangkaian filter tersebut dibangun dengan menggunakan komponen lumped yang berupa induktor (L) dan kapasitor (C). Filter yang dirancang harus memenuhi spesifikasi, antara lain memiliki input return loss (S11) < -10 dB, insertion loss (S21) > -3 dB, bandwidth S21 sebesar 50 MHz pada frekuensi tengah 950 MHz dan 100 MHz pada frekuensi 1.85 GHz, 2.35 GHz, serta 2.65 GHz, dan VSWR antara 1-2 dengan group delay kurang dari 10 ns.Perancangan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Advance Design System (ADS) versi 2011.05 menunjukkan bahwa filter yang dirancang telah memenuhi spesifikasi yang diinginkan, tetapi hasil fabrikasi menunjukkan bahwa filter tersebut tidak mencapai spesifikasi yang telah ditetapkan antara lain pada S11, S21, bandwidth, dan VSWR. Selain itu, terjadi pergeseran frekuensi kerja pada filter hasil fabrikasi. Hasil simulasi dan fabrikasi group delay juga menunjukkan perbedaan, tetapi nilainya masih di bawah 10 ns.

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ABSTRACT

In this final project, a concurrent quadband bandpass filter is design to operate at four specific center frequencies of 950 MHz and 1.85 GHz for GSM application, 2.35 GHz for WiMAX application, and 2.65 GHz for LTE application simultaneously. The filter circuit is built with lumped element consists of inductor (L) and capacitor (C). The design of filter must meet some requirenment such as input return loss (S11) < -10 dB, insertion loss (S21) > -3 dB, bandwidth S21 of 50 MHz on center frequency 950 MHz and 100 MHz on center frequencies 1.85 GHz, 2.35 GHz, and 2.65 GHz, VSWR between 1-2 with group delay less than 10 ns. The result of filter's design that simulated with Advanced Design System (ADS) software 2011.05 version shows that filter's design have met the requirement but the fabricated result didn't acheive the requirement on S11, S21, bandwidth, and VSWR. Else, there are also operating frequencies shifting in the fabricated filter. The simulated and fabricated filter on group delay also shown a diffrence but the value is still less than 10 ns."

"Concurrent multiband LNA merupakan salah satu tipe multiband LNA yang mampu bekerja pada beberapa frekuensi berbeda secara simultan dalam satu waktu. Pada skripsi ini dirancang concurrent multiband LNA yang bekerja pada empat pita frekuensi (quadband) yaitu 950 MHz, 1.85 GHz, 2.35 GHz, dan 2.75 GHz. LNA yang dirancang menggunakan topologi inductive source degeneration dan menggunakan teknologi CMOS 0.18 μm. Spesifikasi LNA yang dirancang adalah memenuhi standar kestabilan (K > 1), gain (S21) > 10 dB, input return loss (S11) < -10 dB, Noise figure (NF) < 3 dB, dan konsumsi daya ≤ 20 mW. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi yang dilakukan, rancangan LNA telah memenuhi spesifikasi yaitu memiliki K > 1, S21 sebesar 17.007 dB pada frekuensi 950 MHz, 15.542 dB pada frekuensi 1.85 GHz, 14.974 dB pada frekuensi 2.35 GHz, dan 14.380 dB pada frekuensi 2.75 GHz. S11 sebesar -29.261 dB pada frekuensi 950 MHz, -17.915 dB pada frekuensi 1.85 GHz, -15.325 dB pada frekuensi 2.35 GHz, dan -15.921 dB pada frekuensi 2.75 GHz. NF sebesar 0.906 dB pada frekuensi 950 MHz, 0.606 dB pada frekuensi 1.85 GHz, 0.658 dB pada frekuensi 2.35 GHz, dan 0.636 dB pada frekuensi 2.75 GHz. Besarnya konsumsi daya rangkaian adalah sebesar 20 mW. Simulasi dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak Advance Design System (ADS).

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Concurrent multiband LNA is one type of multiband LNA that works at several frequency bands one time simultaneously. This final project presents a design of Concurrent multiband LNA that works at four frequency bands (quadband) namely 950 MHz, 1.85 GHz, 2.35 GHz, and 2.75 GHz. The simulated LNA uses inductive source degeneration topology in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The design specifications of LNA are K > 1, gain (S21) > 10 dB, input return loss (S11) < -10 dB, Noise figure (NF) < 3 dB, and power consumption ≤ 20 mW.

Based on the simulation result, the design of LNA achieves specifications; K > 1, S21 are 17.007 dB at 950 MHz, 15.542 dB at 1.85 GHz, 14.974 dB at 2.35 GHz, and 14.380 dB at 2.75 GHz. S11 are -29.261 dB at 950 MHz, -17.915 dB at 1.85 GHz, -15.325 dB at 2.35 GHz, and -15.921 dB at 2.75 GHz. NF are 0.906 dB at 950 MHz, 0.606 dB at 1.85 GHz, 0.658 dB at 2.35 GHz, dan 0.636 dB at 2.75 GHz. Power comsumption is 20 mW. Simulation performed with Advance Design System (ADS) software."