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"ABSTRACTThe role of NGOs is important because it is carried out directly by the community in general without any restrictions in terms of both quantity and time, so it is expected that it is difficult for collusion to happen between NGOs and corruptors. However, in practice, the role of NGOs can become elitist and NGOs are not rooted in the community and do not represent the interests of the wider community so that the role of NGOs can be manipulated by officials for personal gains. This study aims to describe the role of NGOs in its function as a social control agent in the eradication of corruption in North Bengkulu Regency. By using a qualitative approach and descriptive type of research, data collection is done through interviews, documentation, and observational studies. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 (three) main roles of NGOs, namely educative, advocative, and investigative roles. The role of non-governmental organizations in building community awareness is only carried out by a small number of NGOs with limited frequency. The role of non-governmental organizations in the form of advocacy on government policies is carried out passively by providing input when requested by local governments such as in meetings or discussions arranged by the government. The role of non-governmental organizations in the form of demonstrations against corruption behavior and practices is still very limited by non-governmental organizations in North Bengkulu. While the role of non-governmental organizations in the form of investigations on corrupt practices has been carried out by almost all non-governmental organizations engaged in the eradication of corruption and the monitoring of the administration of governance in North Bengkulu, but follow-up efforts to encourage an official investigation into the results of the investigation have not been maximized and even some Non-governmental organizations utilize the results of investigations to obtain personal gains."

"Korupsi, dewasa ini, merupakan masalah yang serius dan akut yang di hadapi oleh Bangsa Indonesia dalam rangka untuk mewujudlan tata pemerintahan yang baik...."

"Indonesia telah melaksanakan pendekatan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit Berbasis Masyarakat dan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit untuk menurunkan beban penyakit dan kematian balita akibat pneumonia. Data temuan kasus dan tatalaksana pneumonia yang bersumber dari pelaksanaan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit Berbasis Masyarakat dan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit merupakan sumber penting laporan rutin Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Sistem Informasi Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian ISPA yang dapat meningkatkan kelengkapan laporan dan mempercepat pengiriman laporan Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian ISPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) dengan teknik prototyping. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah prototipe Sistem Informasi Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut berbasis web dan android. Prototipe Sistem Informasi Program Pencegahan dan Pengedalian ISPA berbasis web dan android dapat mengurangi waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk proses pengumpulan, pengolahan, pengiriman dan penyajian data Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian ISPA.

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Indonesia has implemented the Community-Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness approach and Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses to reduce the burden of illness and death of children under five from pneumonia. Data on case finding and management of pneumonia originating from the implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses and Community-Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness are important sources of routine reports of Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention and Control Programs.

This study aims to design an Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention and Control Program Information System that can improve report completeness and accelerate the delivery of Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention and Control Program reports. This study uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method with prototyping techniques.

The results of this study are a prototype of a web-based and android based Prevention and Control Program for Acute Respiratory Infection Program. Web-based and android-based Prevention and Control Program for Acute Respiratory Infection Program prototype can reduce the time needed for the process of collecting, processing, sending and presenting Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention and Control programs."

"Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara memiliki tingkat deforestasi tertinggi pada fungsi hutan lindung mencapai 6.000,7 ha/tahun, dan fungsi hutan konservasi mencapai 2.789,4 ha/tahun yang disebabkan oleh teralih fungsikannya hutan serta bertambahnya jumlah penduduk sebesar 315,5 ribu sampai tahun 2020. Citra satelit Landsat tahun 1995, 2010, dan 2016 Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, Provinsi Bengkulu digunakan untuk analisis.Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pola suhu permukaan daratan dan pola kelembaban tanah pada periode yang sudah ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis spasial, serta menunjukkan hubungan antar variabel seperti kerapatan vegetasi dan ketinggian terhadap suhu permukaan daratan serta ketinggian dan lereng terhadap kelembaban tanah. Hubungan antar variabel diidentifikasi menggunakan korelasi.Hasil menunjukkan suhu permukaan daratan di Kabupaten Bengkulu memiliki pola menyebar dengan pusat panas di ibu kota kabupaten, dan area pertambangan, serta memiliki hubungan berbanding terbalik dengan kerapatan vegetasi dan ketinggian. Kemudian, kelembaban tanah di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara cenderung mengering ke arah dataran tinggi, serta memiliki hubungan berbanding lurus dengan ketinggian dan lereng.

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Bengkulu Utara District, Bengkulu Province was the area which had the highest deforestation toward protected forest up to 6000,7 ha year and conservation forest up to 2789,4 ha year cause land use change and increase of the population almost 315.5 thousands until 2020. Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2010, and 2016 of Bengkulu Utara Regency, Province Bengkulu area used for analysis.

This research identified pattern of land surface temperature between the specified time using spatial analysis methods, and showed the correlation between variables such as vegetation density and elevation against land surface temperature then elevation and slope against soil moisture. Relation between variables identified using correlation analysis.

The result that land surface temperature of Bengkulu Utara District has a spread pattern with a center in the capital city of the district, and mining areas, then has inverse relationship with vegetation density and elevation. The distribution pattern of dry soil moisture tends to expand to high ground, and has directly proportional with elevation and slope."

"Tesis ini membahas pengalihan status pegawai Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 melalui perbandingan dengan lembaga sejenis KPK di negara lain, yaitu CPIB Singapura dan ICAC Hongkong dengan mengambil best practices dari pengelolaan SDM KPK negara lain tersebut. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah a) kondisi kepegawaian Penyidik KPK sebelum dan sesudah Undang-Undang tersebut, dan b) pengalihan status Penyidik KPK menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang mampu merepresentasikan independensi dan profesionalitas kerja serta menunjang penegakan hukum pemberantasan korupsi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan bahan utama data sekunder melalui penelusuran literatur. Adapun pendekatan analisis dengan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: a) kondisi kepegawaian sebelum Undang-Undang tersebut Penyidik KPK terdiri atas Pegawai Tetap dan Pegawai Negeri yang Dipekerjakan sedangkan setelah Undang-Undang tersebut terdiri atas Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Anggota Polri; b) Transplantasi model penyidik pada CPIB Singapura dan ICAC Hongkong dapat dimasukkan dalam rumusan Jabatan Fungsional Penyidik Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Tipikor) yang sedang dalam proses penyusunan dan pembahasan oleh KPK dengan instansi terkait. Bersamaan dengan pembentukan Jabatan Fungsional Penyidik Tipikor, dalam rangka mewujudkan independensi Penyidik KPK, maka kemandirian KPK dapat diimplementasikan melalui komposisi Penyidik KPK antara Penyidik yang bersumber dari Pegawai Tetap yang telah beralih menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Anggota Polri dengan perbandingan sebesar 80% : 20%.

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This thesis discusses the transfer of employee status to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) after the enactment of Law Number 19 of 2019 through comparisons with institutions similar to KPK in other countries, namely CPIB Singapore and ICAC Hong Kong by taking best practices from the HR management of the KPK in other countries. The issues raised are a) the staffing conditions of KPK investigators before and after the law, and b) the status transfer of KPK investigators to civil servants who are able to represent work independency and professionalism and support law enforcement to eradicate corruption. The research method used is normative juridical, with the main material being secondary data through literature searches. The analysis approach is qualitative. The results of the study show that: a) the conditions of employment before the Act KPK investigators consisted of Permanent Employees and Employed Civil Servants while after the Act consisted of Civil Servants and Members of the Police; b) Transplantation of the investigator model at the Singapore CPIB and Hong Kong ICAC can be included in the formulation of the Functional Position of Corruption Crime Investigator (Tipikor) which is in the process of being drafted and discussed by the KPK with relevant institutions. Along with the establishment of the Functional Position of Corruption Investigator, in order to realize the independency of KPK Investigators, the independency of the KPK can be implemented through the composition of KPK Investigators between Investigators originating from Permanent Employees who have turned into Civil Servants and Police Officer with a ratio of 80%: 20%."

"Penggunaan input luar pada usaha tani padi sawah antara lain berupa pupuk kimia saat ini masih relatif tinggi. Berbagai penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupuk kimia, pestisida dan pengolahan lahan yang sangat intensif pada usaha tani padi telah menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan sehingga menurunkan kapasitas produksi dan kualitas lingkungan. Di lain pihak petani mempunyai potensi input berupa bahan organik dari limbah pertanian yang dapat diproses menjadi pupuk organik. Penggunaan pupuk organik akan mengurangi jumlah pupuk kimia, sehingga produktivitas lahan dapat meningkat dan kerusakan lingkungan dapat berkurang.Permasalahan yang dikemukakan pada penelitian ini adalah penerapan penggunaan pupuk organik pada usaha tani padi sawah kurang optimal. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang menyebabkan penerapan penggunaan pupuk organik pada usaha tani padi sawah kurang optimal di Kecamatan Arga Makmur, Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, Propinsi Bengkulu; (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari faktor-faktor penyebab terhadap penerapan pupuk organik.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan dari Pebruari 2003 sampai dengan April 2003 di Kecamatan Arga Makmur, Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, Propinsi Bengkulu. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive yaitu dipilih tiga desa yang mempunyai potensi pertanian dan peternakan paling dominan. Penentuan jumlah sampel dengan cara sampling acak sederhana dari 905 KK petani diambil 96 KK petani sampel.Data Primer dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara dengan instrumen penelitian yang sudah dipersiapkan. Sebelum pelaksanaan survei instrumen diujicobakan pada 20 orang petani di lokasi penelitian untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode regresi berganda, korelasi berganda, dan korelasi parsial. Variabel-variabel penelitian adalah: Variabel tidak bebas Y = Penerapan Pupuk Organik; Variabel bebas (X) terdiri dari X1 = Pengetahuan Petani, X2 = Proses Pembuatan Pupuk Organik, dan X3 = Motivasi Petani. Koefisien regresi dilakukan uji F dan uji.t.Hubungan fungsional antara variabel Y dan Variabel X ditunjukkan dengan model persamaan regresi berganda Y = 38,8 + 1,082 XI - 0,213 X2 + 0,247 X3. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa persamaan regresi sangat signifikan (p < 0,01). Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa koefisien X1 dan X3 sangat signifikan (p < 0,01), sedangkan koefisien X2 signifikan (p < 0,05). Dari persamaan regresi tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa semakin tinggi pengetahuan petani, semakin rendah kesulitan proses pembuatan pupuk organik dan semakin tinggi motivasi petani secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap semakin tingginya penerapan pupuk organik petani padi sawah di Kecamatan Arga Makmur, Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara.Koefisien korelasi berganda R adalah sebesar 0,862. Berdasarkan koefisien korelasi berganda didapat koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0,742, angka ini menjelaskan bahwa variasi penerapan pupuk organik sebesar 74,2 % ditentukan oleh pengetahuan petani, proses pembuatan pupuk organik dan motivasi petani secara bersama-sama. Sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar variabel uji.Koefisien korelasi parsial dapat dilihat bahwa variabel motivasi petani (X3) merupakan variabel yang paling kuat terhadap penerapan pupuk organik (Y) dengan koefisien korelasi parsial r3,12 = 0,280. Selanjutnya diikuti berturut-turut oleh variabel pengetahuan petani (X1) terhadap penerapan pupuk organik (Y) dengan koefisien korelasi parsial ry1.23 = 0,269, dan terakhir adalah variabel proses pembuatan pupuk organik (X2) terhadap penerapan pupuk organik (Y) dengan koefisien korelasi parsial ry2.13 = - 0,233. Dengan demikian dalam penelitian ini variabel motivasi petani memberikan kontribusi terbesar, diikuti oleh variabel pengetahuan petani dan selanjutnya proses pembuatan pupuk organik dalam mencapai penerapan pupuk organik.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah (1) Faktor-faktor penyebab penerapan pupuk organik pada usaha tani padi sawah antara lain adalah: (a) Pengetahuan petani. (b) Proses pembuatan pupuk organik. (c) Motivasi petani; (2) Pengetahuan petani, proses pembuatan pupuk organik, dan motivasi petani secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi penerapan penggunaan pupuk organik.

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Usage of external input at rice field paddy farming in the form of chemical fertilizer in this time still high relative. Various research have indicated that usage of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and very intensive land processing at paddy farming have generated damage of environment so that degrade capacities produce and quality of environment. On the other hand farmer has internal input potency from organic materials of waste agriculture of which can processed to become organic fertilizer. Usage or organic fertilizer will lessen the amount of chemical fertilizer, so that farm productivity can increase and damage of environment can decrease.

Told problems in this research is application of usage of organic fertilizer at rice field paddy farming less optimal. As for intention of this research is: (1) to know factors what causing application of usage of organic fertilizer at rice field paddy farming less optimal in Arga Makmur District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province; (2) to know influence factors that causing application or organic fertilizer.

This research use quantitative approach with survey method. Research conducted during three months of February 2003 until April 2003 in Arga Makmur District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. Determination of research location conducted by purposive that is selected three countryside having agriculture potency and livestock potency most dominant. Determination of amount of sample by simple random sampling from 905 farmer family head taken 96 family head farmer of sample.

Primary data collected with technique interview with research instrument which have been drawn up. Before execution of instrument survey in test-drived at 20 farmers research location to know validity and reliability instrument. Data to be analysis with method of multiple regressions, multiple correlation, and partial correlation. Research variables are: Dependent Variable Y = Application of Organic Fertilizer; Independent Variable (X) consist of X1 = Knowledge of Farmer, X2 = Process of Organic Fertilizer and X3 = Farmer Motivation.

Functional link between variable of Y and Variable of X shown with model equation of multiple regression Y = 38,8 + 1,082 X, - 0,213 X2 + 0,247 X3. Result of test of F indicated that equation of regression is very significant (p < 0,01). Result of test of t indicated that coefficient X1 and X3 very significant (p < 0,01), coefficient X2 significant (p < 0,05). From equation of regression can be interpreted that excelsior knowledge of farmer, progressively lower difficulty process of organic fertilizer and excelsior motivate farmer by together have an effect on to its excelsior of application of organic fertilizer of rice field paddy in Arga Makmur District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province.

Multiple correlation coefficient of R is equal to 0,862. Coefficient of determination R2 is equal to 0,742, this number explain that variation application of organic fertilizer equal to 74,2 % determined by knowledge of farmer, process of organic fertilizer and farmer motivation by together. While the rest influenced by other factors outside test variable.

Partial correlation coefficient earn seeing that variable motivate farmer (X3) represent strongest variable to application of organic fertilizer (Y) with partial correlation coefficient ryaI2 = 0,280. Here in after followed successively by variable knowledge of farmer (X1) to application of organic fertilizer (Y) with partial correlation coefficient ry123 = 0,269, and last is variable process of organic fertilizer (X2) to application of organic fertilizer (Y) with partial correlation coefficient ry2.13 = - 0,233. Thereby in this research variable motivate farmer give biggest contribution, followed by variable knowledge of farmer and hereinafter the process of organic fertilizer in reaching application of organic fertilizer.

Conclusion of this research is (1) Factors cause of application of organic fertilizer at farming rice field for example .is: Knowledge of farmer; (b) Process of organic fertilizer. (c) Motivate farmer; (2) Knowledge of farmer, process of organic fertilizer, and farmer motivation by together influence application of usage of organic fertilizer."

"Perencanaan desain dari suatu lereng tambang umumnya dihadapi oleh berbagai permasalahan seperti ketidakpastian pada data sifat fisik dan mekanik batuan untuk melakukan analisis kestabilan lereng. Metode probabilistik menawarkan cara yang lebih sistematis dalam menangani ketidakpastian tersebut juga sebagai preferensi untuk mengetahui informasi probabilitas kelongsoran (PK) dengan pendekatan nilai faktor keamanan (FK). Perhitungan probabilitas kelongsoran dilakukan dengan pengolahan data statistika deskriptif dan pencocokan jenis distribusi (goodness of fit test) menggunakan metode Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) dan Uji Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Hasil pengolahan data statistika deskriptif dan pencocokan jenis distribusi digunakan sebagai parameter masukan pada software Slide 6.0 dalam menghitung probabilitas kelongsoran lereng. Analisis kelongsoran dilakukan pada penampang geometri lereng hasil penarikan cross section pada desain Life of Mine PIT batubara dengan kondisi statis dan dinamis menggunakan pembebanan seismik 0,225g. Metode Bishop dan Janbu digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi probabilitas kelongsoran dengan jenis longsoran busur. Hasil analisis kelongsoran yang diperoleh, model lereng A–A’ memiliki geometri yang aman, sedangkan model lereng B–B’ memiliki geometri yang tidak aman dengan nilai FK statis <1,3; FK dinamis <1,1; dan PK >5%. Sehingga, dilakukan rekonstruksi ulang dengan melandaikan sudut kemiringan lereng keseluruhan dari 44° menjadi 26° pada model lereng B–B’. Setelah dilakukan rekonstruksi nilai FK statis; PK statis; FK dinamis; PK dinamis dari model lereng akhir secara berurutan, pada model lereng A–A’ 4,169; 0%; 2,840, 0% menggunakan metode Bishop dan 4,002; 0%; 2,666; 0% menggunakan metode Janbu. Model lereng B–B’ 1,749; 0%; 1,154; 0,3% menggunakan metode Bishop dan 1,756; 0%; 1,138; 0,8% menggunakan metode Janbu.

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The design planning of a mine slope is generally faced with various problems such as uncertainty in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks to do slope stability analysis. The probabilistic method offers a more systematic way of dealing with this uncertainty as well as a preference for obtaining information on the probability of failure (PF) using the factor of safety (FS) approach. The calculation of the probability of failure is carried out by processing descriptive statistical data and goodness of fit test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) method and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) test. The results of processing descriptive statistical data and matching distribution types are used as input parameters in the Slide 6.0 software to calculate slope probability of failure. Slide analysis was carried out on the geometric cross-section of the slope from Life of Mine PIT coal design with static and dynamic conditions using a seismic loading of 0,225g. The Bishop and Janbu methods are used in identifying the probability of a landslide with the type of circular slide. The results of the slide analysis obtained show that the A–A' slope model has a safe geometry, while the B–B' slope model has an unsafe geometry with a static FS value of <1.3; Dynamic FS <1.1; and PF >5%. Thus, a renovation was carried out by sloping the overall slope angle from 44° to 26° on the B–B' slope model. After reconstructing static FS; static PF; dynamic FS; dynamic PF values from the final slope model sequentially, on slope model A–A' 4,169; 0%; 2,840, 0% using the Bishop method and 4,002; 0%; 2,666, 0% using the Janbu method. Slope model B–B' 1,749; 0%; 1,154; 0,3% using the Bishop method and 1,756; 0%; 1,138; 0,8% using the Janbu method."