ABSTRAK
Nama : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya
Program Studi : Magister Kedokteran Kerja, FKUI
Judul: Pengaruh Stres Kerja Berat Terhadap Kecenderungan Gangguan
Mental Emosional Pada Staf Manajerial Perusahaan Penanaman
Modal Asing
Latar belakang
Staf manajerial merupakan aset krusial sebuah Perusahaan karena peranannya dalam memimpin, mengatur, merencanakan dan mengelola sumber daya guna mencapai tujuan Perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, staf manajerial diharapkan sehat baik secara fisik, mental dan sosial.
Tujuan
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional pada staf manajerial.
Metode
Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016 di Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing di Jawa Barat menggunakan metode comparative cross sectional. Stres kerja diukur dengan kuesioner Suvei Diagnosis Stres (SDS) sedangkan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional dinilai dengan kuesioner Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90). Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah 105 orang yang terlebih dahulu diminta mengisi kuesioner stres kerja. Kemudian untuk menilai kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional, sebanyak 30 responden dipilih secara acak dari masing-masing kelompok stres kerja ringan-sedang dan stres kerja berat dan diminta mengisi kuesioner SCL-90.
Hasil
Prevalensi stres kerja berat pada karyawan manajerial adalah sebesar 35,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 47; 95% CI 7,37-300,17; p<0,001). Komponen stresor kerja yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan mental emosional adalah beban kerja kualitatif (OR 10,67; 95%CI 1,03–109,94; p 0,047) dan perkembangan karir (OR 10,83; 95%CI 1,03–114,15; p 0,047). Pendidikan merupakan faktor individu yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 0,17; 95% CI 0,03-0,83; p 0,029). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor pekerjaan terhadap terjadinya kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional.
Kata kunci: stres kerja, gangguan mental emosional, manajer
ABSTRACT
Name : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya
Study Program: Postgraduate program on Occupational Medicine,
Universitas Indonesia
Title : Association of Severe Occupational Stress with Mental Emotional
Disorder Tendency among Managerial Staff at a Foreign Cooperation
Background
Managerial staff are a crucial asset for their role in lead, organize, plan and manage resources to achieve the Company's objectives. Therefore, managerial staff are expected to be healthy physically, mentally and socially.
Objective
This study aims to determine the relationship of severe occupational stress with mental emotional disorder tendency among managerial staff.
Method
This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of mental emotional disorder tendency in both group with mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. Based on the sample calculation, required respondents from each group are 30 people. Previously, a descriptive study was conducted to sort the respondents into mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. A total of 105 respondents were randomly selected from the total population of 220 people. Respondents were asked to do self-rating survey with SDS (Stress Diagnostic Survey) questionnaire which assess the occupational stress. Furthermore, 30 respondents were randomly selected from each group of mild-moderate and severe occupational stress to assess the tendency of mental emotional disorder. Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire was used to measure the tendency of mental emotional disorders.
Result
The prevalence of severe occupational stress on managerial staff is 35.2%. There was a significant association between severe occupational stress with the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 47; 95% CI 7.37-300.17; p <0.001). Components of occupational stressors which statistically significant with mental emotional disorder is the qualitative workload (OR 10.67; 95% CI 1.03-109.94; p 0.047) and career development (OR 10.83; 95% CI 1.03 -114.15; p 0.047). Education is the individual factor statistically significant against the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.83; p 0.029). There was no significant relationship between work factors with the tendency of mental emotional disorder.
Keyword: occupational stress, mental emotional disorder, manager.
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Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi serta hubungan antara faktor individu serta pekerjaan di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 dengan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional pada pramugari/a penerbangan komersial di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta dari tanggal 9 September – 3 Oktober 2022. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner mandiri, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, dan Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25.
Hasil: Penelitian diikuti oleh 163 responden, terdiri dari 89,6% pramugari dan 10,4% pramugara. Diantara faktor individu dan pekerjaan, ada beberapa yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan risiko gangguan mental emosional seperti usia muda p <0,001, tidak memiliki anak p 0,047, kebiasaan olahraga yang kurang (95% CI 0,97-9,18); p 0,048, masa kerja < 5 tahun (95% CI 1,35-8,78); p 0,007 serta persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan (95% CI 1,47-8,55); p 0,003. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat, masa kerja dan persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional sebesar 3,66 (95% CI 1,39 – 9,66); p 0,009 dan 3,31 (95% CI 1,30 – 8,43); p 0,012 kali.
Kesimpulan: Prevalensi risiko gangguan mental emosional pada pramugari penerbangan sipil Indonesia di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 cukup tinggi. Dari semua faktor yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini, terlihat masa kerja dan persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan dominan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menilai faktor-faktor risiko lainnya yang dapat berkontribusi dengan terjadinya gangguan mental emosional.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental emotional disorders among Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with job insecurity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Medical Jakarta from September 9th to October 3rd 2022. The data was collected using independent questionnaire such as Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire-20, which was then analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The subjects were 163 people in total, consisting of 89,6% female flight attendants and 10,4% male flight attendants The prevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of COVID-19 pandemic was found to be 15.3%. The trends showed that there is a significant relationship between perceptions of job insecurity and mental-emotional disorders p=0.036, and there are other characteristics that are significantly related to mental-emotional disorders such as young age p=<0.001, not having children p=0.047, and working period <5 years (95% CI 1.35-8.78); p=0.007.
Conclusion: The prevalence risk of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of COVID-19 pandemic is quite high. The existence of job insecurity is one of the dominant factors associated with the occurrence of mental emotional disorders during the transition period of COVID-19 pandemic and also young age seems to be a contributing factor. However, further research is still needed to assess other risk factors that can contribute to the occurrence of mental emotional disorders."