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"Kinerja logistik suatu negara merupakan kunci dari pertumbuhan ekonomi. Peran sektor logistik yang semakin penting tersebut telah menjadi perhatian negara-negara ASEAN. Upaya negara-negara ASEAN dalam meningkatkan peran sektor logistik adalah melalui pengembangan infrastruktur logistik. Permasalahan muncul ketika kebutuhan investasi infrastruktur ASEAN melebihi kemampuan negara-negara ASEAN untuk merealisasikannya, sehingga muncul infrastructure investment gap. Tingkat dukungan finansial tersebut mempengaruhi ketersediaan infrastruktur logistik eksisting di kawasan ASEAN, sehingga kinerja logistik negara-negara ASEAN menjadi relatif belum stabil dengan tingkat kesenjangan antar negara yang signifikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis dampak infrastruktur logistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara ASEAN. Hasil regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur logistik mempengaruhi secara positif pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara ASEAN. Infrastruktur jalan rel kereta memiliki dampak terbesar, disusul oleh infrastruktur jalan dan infrastruktur bandara udara. Sedangkan, infrastruktur pelabuhan laut dan infrastruktur TIK, yang direpresentasikan oleh jumlah pelanggan akses internet berkecepatan tinggi, tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara ASEAN. Infrastruktur pelabuhan laut memiliki isu dalam hal tingkat integrasi negara-negara ASEAN dengan jaringan pengiriman kapal global yang lemah, serta tingkat efisiensi dan kualitas layanan infrastruktur pelabuhan laut yang rendah. Di sisi lain, infrastruktur TIK memiliki isu dalam hal tingkat kesiapan infrastruktur dan pemanfaatan TIK pada bisnis logistik yang rendah. Sementara itu, investasi infrastruktur domestik mempengaruhi secara positif pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara ASEAN meskipun dampaknya masih relatif kecil karena keterbatasan sumber pendanaan domestik dan rendahnya partisipasi sektor swasta pada proyek-proyek pembangunan infrastruktur logistik.

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A country`s logistics performance is a key to economic growth. The increasingly important role of the logistics sector has been the concern of ASEAN countries. ASEAN countries` effort in enhancing the role of the logistics sector is through the development of logistics infrastructure. The problem arises when ASEAN`s infrastructure investment needs exceed the ability of ASEAN countries to fulfil them; hence an infrastructure investment gap emerges. The level of financial support affects the availability of existing logistics infrastructure in the ASEAN region, rendering ASEAN countries logistics performances relatively unstable with significant levels of disparity among them.

This research was conducted with the aim to analyze the impact of logistics infrastructure on ASEAN countries` economic growth. The panel data regression results with Fixed Effect Model show that the logistics infrastructures of ASEAN countries positively influence ASEAN countries` economic growth. Rail infrastructure has the greatest impact, followed by road infrastructure and airport infrastructure. Whereas, port infrastructure and ICT infrastructure, represented by the number of subscribers for high-speed internet access, don`t significantly influence the ASEAN countries` economic growth.

Port infrastructure has issues in terms of weak integration level of ASEAN countries with the global shipping network, as well as the low level of efficiency and quality of port infrastructure services. On the other hand, ICT infrastructure has issues in terms of the low level of infrastructure readiness and ICT usage by logistics businesses. Meanwhile, domestic infrastructure investment positively affects ASEAN countries` economic growth, although the impact is still relatively small due to limited domestic funding sources and low private sector participation in logistics infrastructure development projects."

"Infrastruktur logistik memiliki peran yang cukup penting dalam menumbuhkan perdagangan antar daerah di Indonesia, meningkatkan daya saing, dan berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dampak infrastruktur logistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini variabel infrastruktur logistik diwakili oleh total jalan di masing-masing provinsi, jumlah bandara di masing-masing provinsi, dan jumlah pelabuhan di masing-masing provinsi di Indonesia dengan variabel kontrolnya terdiri dari rata lama sekolah, jumlah tenaga kerja, jumlah investasi dan persentase keluarga yang memiliki akses listrik yang layak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan infrastruktur logistik dan pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data kuantitatif berupa data sekunder yang didapatkan dari Badan Pusat Statistik, Sakernas, dan NsWi dan diolah dengan metode regresi data panel dan OLS untuk mengestimasi parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel infrastruktur logistik yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia adalah total jalan dan jumlah pelabuhan yang ada di masing-masing provinsi di Indonesia. Infrastruktur logistik udara yang berupa jumlah bandara tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi-provinsi yang ada di Indonesia.

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The development of Indonesia's logistics infrastructure is crucial for expanding regional trade, boosting competitiveness, and developing the economic growth of the country. This study aims to investigate how logistics infrastructure impacts the economic growth of Indonesian provinces. In this study, the logistics infrastructure variable is represented by the total number of roads, airports, and ports in each province of Indonesia, while the average schooling duration, labor force, investment, and the proportion of households with access to adequate electricity are used as the control variables. This study aims to ascertain the relationship between logistics infrastructure and economic growth in Indonesian provinces. The data used in this study is quantitative data in the form of secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, Sakernas, and NsWi and processed by panel data regression and OLS methods to estimate parameters. According to the findings of the study, the number of roads and ports in each Indonesian province have a significant impact on Indonesia’s economic growth. Whereas the number of airports in Indonesia's air logistics infrastructure has no significant effect on the provinces' economic growth."

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh pengeluaran investasi pemerintah pada infrastruktur jalan serta infrastruktur jalan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, dengan menggunakan data sebanyak duapuluh lima dari Kabupaten / Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat pada periode waktu tujuh tahun, dari 2003 ? 2010. Dengan menggunakan regresi data panel, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan efek acak untuk estimasi dalam melihat pengaruh dari pengeluaran investasi pemerintah pada infrastruktur jalan, tenaga kerja, dan juga infrastruktur jalan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pengeluran investasi pemerintah, tenaga kerja dan infrastruktur jalan secara statistik signifikan dan berpengaruh positif terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), sebagai indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi.

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The present study explain the effect of government spending on infrastructure investment in roads as well as road infrastructure on the economic growth, using data from twenty five Districts / Cities in West Java for seven years period, from 2003 ? 2010. With panel data set, this study used a random effects approach to estimation, to see the effect of government investment spending on road infrastructure, labor, and road infrastructure. The results show that government investment spending, labor and road infrastructure are statistically significant and have a positive effect on Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP), as an indicator of economic growth."

"Pertumbuhan ekonomi menjadi faktor yang penting dalam keberhasilan perekonomian suatu negara dalam jangka panjang, sehingga setiap negara akan selalu berusaha untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonominya dan menjadikan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai target ekonominya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara-negara anggota ASEAN selama jangka waktu 1990 ? 2009, dengan negara-negara yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak enam negara yaitu Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Philipina dan Vietnam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS) dan model estimasi Fixed Efect dengan menggunakan alat analisis untuk membantu mengolah data adalah program Eviews 6. Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data panel dari enam negara ASEAN yang mencakup periode 20 tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keterbukaan ekonomi (trade openness), investasi asing langsung yang masuk (foreign direct investment), investasi domestik, pengeluaran pemerintah, dan angkatan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di enam negara ASEAN. Sedangkan untuk tingkat inflasi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di enam negara ASEAN. Berdasarkan penelitian ini angkatan kerja mempunyai pengaruh yang relatif besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di enam negara ASEAN sedangkan investasi baik Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) maupun investasi domestik mempunyai pengaruh yang relatif kecil terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di enam negara ASEAN.

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Economic growth becomes the important factor in the long term economic state success. Therefore, each country will always try to increase their economic growth and put it as its economic target. This research was done to know the factors that influence the economic growth in ASEAN member countries along 1990 ? 2009. The sampling country in this study is six countries which is Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Vietnam. The analysis method used is Generalized Least Square (GLS) method and Fixed-effect estimation model by using analytical tools to help in processing the data which uses Eviews 6 program. In other way the used data is panel data of six ASEAN countries which is covering the 20 years period. The result showed that trade openness, foreign direct investment, domestic investment, government expenditure, and labor force have a positive and significant impact for the six ASEAN countries economic growth. However the inflation rate does not impact significantly to the six ASEAN countries economic growth. Based on this research labor force has a relatively large impact on economic growth in six ASEAN countries, while investment both foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment has a relatively small impact on economic growth in six ASEAN countries."

"Pembangunan infrastruktur mutlak diperlukan terutama dalam upaya meningkatkan perekonomian suatu wilayah yang meliputi jalan, listrik dan telepon. Keberadaan infrastruktur secara umum dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini membahas kontribusi sektor infrastruktur dan pengaruh pelaksanaan otonomi daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia dengan analisis ekonometrika menggunakan data panel pada periode tahun 1996 - 2008. Variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah pendapatan perkapita dan variabel-variabel bebasnya adalah panjang jalan, kapasitas listrik, jumlah sambungan telepon, investasi, tingkat pendidikan dan dummy otonomi daerah. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif antara pembangunan infrastruktur dan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diwakili oleh pendapatan perkapita penduduk.

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Development of infrastructure is absolutely necessary, especially in an effort to improve the economy of a region which includes roads, electricity and telephone. The existence of infrastructure in general can be a positive impact on economic growth. This study discusses the contribution of infrastructure sector and influence the implementation of regional autonomy on regional economic growth in Indonesia with econometric analysis using panel data in the period 1996 to 2008.

Dependent variable used is income per capita and the independent variables are the length of road, electricity capacity, the number of telephone connections, investment, education level and the dummy regional autonomy. From the results of this study can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure development and implementation of regional autonomy with economic growth, represented by per capita income of residents."

"Penggunaan air berkaitan erat dengan tahapan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan air untuk sektor agraria, industri dan komersial, penggunaan air akan meningkat di beberapa wilayah. Oleh karenanya, infrastruktur penyediaan air sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Barbier (2004) serta penelitian Gatto dan Lanzafame (2005) yang menyatakan bahwa water capital merupakan salah satu determinan dari pertumbuhan ekonomi selain kapital dan labor. Penelitian ini mengambil objek studi di 40 negara di Asia dan Afrika dalam rentang waktu selama 10 tahun mulai dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2011. Dari hasil estimasi diketahui bahwa penggunaan air menunjukkan hubungan positif, hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Barbier (2004) dan Duarte (2012.

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Water withdrawal is closely related with economic growth stages. As the need of water for agrarian, industry and commercial sectors rise, the water withdrawal will also raise in certain area. In order with that situation, the infrastructure of water supply system will play an important role in economic growth. In research conducted by Barbier (2004) and Gatto and Lanzafame (2005) found that water capital is one of important determinant on economic growth beside capital and labor. In this research, we take 40 countries in Asia and Africa for 10 years time span beginning from 2000 until 2011 as a research objects. Estimation results that water withdrawal show positive relationship with economic growth, in line with former researches conducted by Barbier (2004)."

"Tesis ini membahas pengaruh infrastruktur telekomunikasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia tahun 2000 ? 2009 melalui pertumbuhan teledensitas telekomunikasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang didukung beberapa data primer. Hasil penelitian menyarankan agar pengembangan peningkatan infrastruktur telekomunikasi dapat ditingkatkan secara tepat sasaran dan diimbangi dengan pengembangan kualitas SDM melalui literasi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap pemanfaatan telekomunikasi. Selain itu peran infrastruktur telekomunikasi juga perlu lebih dioptimalkan penggunaannya agar dapat lebih mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di berbagai sektor, baik primer, sekunder, maupun tersier. Pemanfaatan infrastruktur telekomunikasi bagi kegiatan ekonomi di berbagai sektor akan lebih meningkatkan pengaruh infrastruktur telekomunikasi terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi dibandingkan hanya dipergunakan hanya untuk kebutuhan berkomunikasi saja.

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In this research focus on The Influence of Telecommunication Infrastructure towards Economic Growth in Indonesia on 2000 - 2009 melalui pertumbuhan teledencity of Indonesia?s Telecommunication. This is a quantitative research with secunder data and supported by primer data. The results suggest that telecommunication infrastructure in Indonesia should be increase effectively and followed by Human Resources Development with increasing the telecommunication literacy of the citizen. The role of telecommunication infrastructure should be used optimally in every economic sector, including : primer,secunder, and tersier.Telecommunication infrastructure utilization fore conomic activity in every economic sector will give more influence for the economic growth compare with the utilization is only for communication purpose."

"From an economic growth perspective, infrastructure is not only an enabling factor for development or forfacilitating private investments and competitiveness across all sectors of national and regional economies, butcan also be an attractive investment opportunity in itself. Although infrastructure investment opportunitiesare plentiful across developing countries, investors are not fully seizing them, often due to gaps in the enabling environment for such investment. The infrastructure sector presents specific risks to private investors,and since private participation in infrastructure delivery is a relatively recent form of procurement in manycountries, governments do not necessarily have the experience and capacity needed to effectively manage theserisks. Beyond case-by-case project preparation and financing, concrete, implementation-oriented guidance thatcan help governments identify and manage reforms is needed to make the broader infrastructure investmentenvironment more open to private participation."

"[Tesis ini membahas probabilitas dari dampak spatial spillover dari infrastruktur jalan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan data panel kabupaten/kota pada tahun 2007-2010. Studi ini menggunakan data Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) sebagai indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi. Jalan dengan kondisi baik dan kepadatan jalan digunakan untuk mewakili infrastrukturjalan. Selanjutnya, tenaga kerja dan stok kapital swasta digunakan sebagai variabel kontrol. Penelitian ini menguji hipotesis bahwa infrastruktur jalan yang memadai tidak hanya akan memberikan efek positif pada pembangunan ekonomi suatu wilayah, tetapi juga terhadap wilayah di sekelilingnya. Untuk mengetahui adanya korelasi spasial dilakukan uji dengan menggunakan Global’s Moran I index, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dependensi spasial antar kabupaten/kota di provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa spatial spillover infrastruktur jalan memiliki dampak positif pada pertumbuhanekonomi di tingkat regional.;This research examines the probability of spatial spillover effect of road infrastructure to regional economic growth in the West Java province by using data panel over 2007 to 2012 at regency’s level. This study uses Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) as indicator of economic growth. Good road conditionand road density are utilized to explain road infrastructure. In addition, controlling variables use the labor force and private capital stock. This study tests the hypothesis that sufficient road infrastructure brings positive effect on economic development not only within region, but also on surrounding regions. The spatial correlation test by using Global’s Moran I index results on the existence of spatial dependence among regencies on the West Java Province. The main resultsconclude that the positive spillover of road infrastructure on regional economic growth occurs in these periods at regional level;This research examines the probability of spatial spillover effect of roadinfrastructure to regional economic growth in the West Java province by usingdata panel over 2007 to 2012 at regency’s level. This study uses Gross RegionalDomestic Product (GRDP) as indicator of economic growth. Good road conditionand road density are utilized to explain road infrastructure. In addition, controllingvariables use the labor force and private capital stock. This study tests thehypothesis that sufficient road infrastructure brings positive effect on economicdevelopment not only within region, but also on surrounding regions. The spatialcorrelation test by using Global’s Moran I index results on the existence of spatialdependence among regencies on the West Java Province. The main resultsconclude that the positive spillover of road infrastructure on regional economicgrowth occurs in these periods at regional level, This research examines the probability of spatial spillover effect of roadinfrastructure to regional economic growth in the West Java province by usingdata panel over 2007 to 2012 at regency’s level. This study uses Gross RegionalDomestic Product (GRDP) as indicator of economic growth. Good road conditionand road density are utilized to explain road infrastructure. In addition, controllingvariables use the labor force and private capital stock. This study tests thehypothesis that sufficient road infrastructure brings positive effect on economicdevelopment not only within region, but also on surrounding regions. The spatialcorrelation test by using Global’s Moran I index results on the existence of spatialdependence among regencies on the West Java Province. The main resultsconclude that the positive spillover of road infrastructure on regional economicgrowth occurs in these periods at regional level]"

"Infrastructure plays an important role to support the continued long-term development in order to increase economic growth. From the results of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2013 brought exciting news for Indonesia. One of the main programs of Mega Projects in the Infrastructure Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011-2025 is the Sunda Strait Bridge (SSB) or Strategic Infrastructure and Regional Sunda Strait. The SSB will connect the islands of Sumatra and Java with a bridge at a length of ± 30 kilometers. The SBB is one of the mega infrastructure projects which is estimated to involve a total investment of US$25 Billion. This research establishes the approach to forecast demand in the case of conceptual design. The SSB is associated with innovations to determine the functions using value engineering methods. The approach involves forecasting demand with a System Dynamics simulation model that could provide a reliable estimate and generate scenarios to compare the financial feasibility of the project before and after the process involving innovation of project functions. Analysis involving demand forecasting with the System Dynamics Approach has confirmed that the Sunda Strait Bridge development with additional functions would increase the revenues of the overall project up to US$61.59 Million, in order to obtain an increased Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the overall project up to 7.56% with a positive Net Present Value (NPV)."