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"Pendahuluan dan Tujuan: Transplantasi ginjal telah menjadi terapi pengganti ginjal pilihan untuk penyakit ginjal kronis stadium akhir. Di Indonesia, belum ada penelitian yang pernah membahas mengenai kualitas hidup resipien transplantasi ginjal pasca operasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam kualitas hidup resipien sebelum dan sesudah operasi transplantasi ginjal. Metode: Ini adalah studi prospektif yang menggunakan kuesioner KDQoL-SF sebelum dan sesudah operasi (pada bulan ke-1, 3, dan 6). Sampel diambil secara berurutan sejak bulan Januari hingga Mei 2016 dan dilanjutkan sampai Desember 2016. KDQoL-SF telah divalidasi dalam bahasa Indonesia dan sudah banyak digunakan untuk menilai kualitas hidup resipien (cronbach alfa> 0,6). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan software statistik SPSS versi 21.0. Dalam penelitian ini, repeated Anova dengan perbandingan post hoc Bonferroni digunakan. Hasil: Terdapat 33 pasien yang disertakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dari Januari - Desember 2016. Usia rata-rata pasien adalah 44,6 ± 12,88 tahun. Mayoritas pasien adalah laki-laki (n = 24; 72,7%). Rata-rata IMT pasien adalah 23,8 ± 3,74 kg/m2. Komorbid yang paling sering terjadi adalah hipertensi (n = 32; 97%) kemudian diikuti oleh diabetes melitus (n = 11; 33,3%), dan dislipidemia (n = 5; 15,2%). Biaya operasi transplantasi ginjal dan pengobatannya sebagian besar menggunakan biaya pribadi (n = 14; 42,4%) (n = 14; 42,4%) kemudian diikuti oleh asuransi swasta (n = 8; 24,2 %) (n = 10; 30,3%), dan asuransi pemerintah (n = 6; 18,2%) (n = 5; 15,2%). Hampir semua resipien tidak mengeluh dengan biaya biaya tersebut ketika dan setelah operasi (n = 29; 87,9%). Dibandingkan dengan kondisi awal, kualitas hidup pada penerima meningkat pada bulan pertama, ketiga, dan keenan setelah operasi. Perubahan utama pada kualitas hidup terlihat diantara tahap pra operasi (median: 50%, IQR: ±20) dan 1 bulan setelah operasi (median: 90%, IQR: 0), sedangkan pada tahap berikut tidak ada peningkatan yang signifikan pada skor median pada bulan ketiga (median: 90%, IQR: ± 7,5) dan bulan keenam (median: 90%, IQR: ± 10) setelah operasi. Terdapat perbaikan signifikan secara statistik pada gejala, efek penyakit ginjal, beban penyakit ginjal, status kerja, fungsi kognitif, kualitas interaksi sosial, kualitas tidur, kepuasan pasien, fungsi fisik, peran fisik, kesehatan umum, kesejahteraan emosional, peran emosional, dan perbaikan pada kondisi kelelahan, skor sebelum dan sesudah transplantasi ginjal (p <0,01). Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam dukungan sosial (p = 0,656), nyeri (p = 0,274), fungsi seksual (p = 1), dan skor fungsi sosial (p = 0,01) sebelum dan sesudah operasi. Angka keberhasilan transplantasi ginjal di RSCM sama dengan pusat transplantasi ginjal lainnya di dunia, yaitu sekitar 95%. Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbaikan yang signifikan pada hampir semua aspek kualitas hidup resipien setelah transplantasi ginjal. Kualitas hidup pasien setelah transplantasi ginjal di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Indonesia sama baiknya dengan di negara lain. Ini bisa menjadi database untuk studi lebih lanjut di pusat transplantasi ginjal. ……Introduction and Objectives: Kidney transplantation has become the chosen kidney replacement therapy for end stage chronic kidney disease. In Indonesia, no study about quality of life in kidney transplantation recipient after surgery has been done. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the recipient’s quality of life before and after kidney transplantation surgery. Methods:This was a prospective study KDQoL-SF questionnaire before and after surgery (1^st, 3^rd, and 6^th month). Samples were consecutively taken from January until May 2016 and followed up to December 2016. KDQoL-SF has been validated in Indonesian language and widely used to assess recipient’s quality of life (Cronbach alfa >0,6). The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software 21.0 version. In this study, repeated Anova with post hoc comparison Bonferroni was used. Results: There were 33 patients included in this study from January–December 2016. The average age of patients was 44,6 ± 12,88 years old. The majority of patients were males (n=24; 72,7%). Mean BMI of the patients was 23,8 ± 3,74 kg/m². The most frequent comorbid of the patients was hypertension (n=32;97%) then followed by diabetes mellitus (n=11;33,3%), and dyslipidemia (n=5;15,2%). The cost fee of kidney transplantation surgery and its following medication mostly covered by personal financial support (n=14;42,4%), (n=14;42,4%) then followed by private insurance (n=8;24,2%), (n=10;30,3%), and governmental insurance (n=6;18,2%), (n=5;15,2%). Almost all the recipients did not complain with those cost fee during and after surgery (n=29; 87,9%). Compared to baseline, the quality of life in recipients increased at 1^st, 3^rd, and 6^th month after operation. Major changes in the perceived QOL were noted only between the preoperative stage (median: 50%, IQR: ±20) and 1 month after operation (median: 90%, IQR: 0), while in the following stage there was no significant improvement in median score at 3 month (median: 90%, IQR: ± 7,5) and 6 month (median: 90%, IQR: ± 10) after operation. There were statistically significant improvements in symptoms, effect of kidney disease, burden of kidney disease, work status, cognitive function, quality of social interaction, quality of sleeping, patient satisfaction, physical functioning, role-physical, general health, emotional well-being, role-emotional, and improvement in fatigue, score before and after kidney transplantation (p<0,01). This study also showed that there were no significant differences in social support (p=0,656), pain (p=0,274), sexual function (p=1), and social function score (p=0,01) before and after surgery. Successful rate of kidney transplantation in Indonesia was about 95%, it was equal to transplantation in other countries. Conclusions: This study showed that there were significant improvements in almost all aspect in recipient’s quality of life after kidney transplantation. Patient’s quality of life after kidney transplantation in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Indonesia is as good as in other country. It could become the database for further studies in kidney transplantation centers."

"Latar Belakang: Variabilitas hemoglobin (var-Hb) merupakan suatu fenomena fluktuasi kadar Hb dalam satuan waktu tertentu yang dialami oleh pasien penyakit ginjal kronikyang menjalani hemodialisis rutin (PGK-HD).Var-Hb telah diketahui sebagai prediktor independen luaran klinis buruk. Namun,faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan: Mengetahui besaran proporsi var-Hb pada pasien PGK-HD di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif yang melibatkan pasien GGK-HD berusia ≥18 tahun di Unit Hemodialisis RSCM. Faktor-faktor yang dinilai saat awal ialah kadar Hb, reticulocyte-hemoglobin equivalent(RET-He), albumin, fosfatase alkali, dan C-reactive protein (CRP)serum, serta adekuasi dialisis (Kt/V). Adanya perdarahan saluran cerna(termasuk darah samar feses), dosis erythropoietin-stimulating agent(ESA)dan zat besi, serta kejadian transfusi darah akan dicatat. Kadar Hb kemudian diperiksa setiap 4 minggu hingga 24 minggu pengamatan. Var-Hb dinilai dengan standar deviasi residual dan nilai ≥1,0dianggap sebagai var-Hb tinggi. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji bivariat sesuai jenis data, dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistikmultipel. Hasil: Sejumlah 127 subyek (rerata[SD]usia 49,06[15,1], perempuan 52%, rerata[SD]kadar Hb 9,75[1,00]g/dL) diikutsertakan dalam analisis. Proporsi subyek dengan var-Hb tinggi ialah 47,24%. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat dan multivariat, faktor yang mempengaruhi var-Hb adalah kadar RET-He(p=0,004), dosis ESA (p=0,032), dan kejadian transfusi darah (adjustedOR6,967, IK95% 2,74-17,71;p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Proporsi pasien PGK-HD di Indonesia yang memiliki var-Hb tinggi ialah 47,24%(IK95% 38,3-56,3%). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi var-Hb ialah kadar RET-He,dosis ESA, dan kejadian transfusi darah.

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Background: Hemoglobinvariability(Hb-var) is a phenomenon of Hb fluctuation during a course of time that is frequently observed in chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (CKD-HD)patients. Hb-varis now recognized asapredictor of poor clinical outcomes. However, factors that influence the Hb-var are not well understood.Objectives.This study was aimedto measure the proportion of Hb-var in CKD-HD patients in Indonesia and identify factors associated. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving CKD-HD patients aged ≥18 years old in Hemodialysis Unit in RSCM. Factors identified at baseline were serum levels of Hb,reticulocyte-hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He), albumin,alkalinephosphatase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V). Hb level was measured every 4 weeks until 24weeks of follow up. Any evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (including occult blood feces), erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) dosage, and blood transfusion werealsonoted. Hb-var was calculatedas the residual standardofdeviation, and value ≥1.0 was considered as high.Hypothesis testing was performed by bivariate analysis, thencontinued with multivariateanalysis using multiple regression logistic test. Results: As 127 subjects (mean[SD]of age 49.06[15.1], female 52%, mean[SD]of Hb 9.75[1.00]g/dL) were included in the analysis. The proportion of subjects with high Hb-var were 47.24%. According to bivariate and multivariate analysis, factors that determined Hb-var were RET-Helevels (p=0.004), ESA dosage (p=0.032), and blood transfusion (adjustedOR 6.967, 95%CI2.74-17.71,p<0.001). Conclusion: Theproportion of CKD-HD patients in Indonesia with high Hb-var was47.24% (95%CI 38.3-56.3%). Factors that determined Hb-var wereRET-Helevels, ESA dosage, and blood transfusion."

"Transplantasi ginjal TG merupakan salah satu terapi pilihan utama pada pasien Gagal Ginjal Terminal GGT . TG dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien GGT. Kualitas hidup dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti faktor fisik, psikologis dan mental.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien TG. Desain Penelitian menggunakan Cross Sectional Study, Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 110 pasien TG dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitan menggunakan kuesioner kualitas hidup WHOQoL ndash; BREF, yaitu kuesioner yang telah banyak digunakan dalam mengukur kualitas hidup di dunia dan secara validitas dan reabilitas merupakan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel. Analisi data menggunakan: proporsi, chi- square dan regresi logistik ganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien TG di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo adalah baik 71, 8 . Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien adalah: usia p = 0,002 , pendidikan p = 0,001 pekerjaan p = 0,010 , dukungan keluarga p = 0,024 , dan kepatuhan pasien dalam mengkonsumsi obat immunosupressant p = 0,009 , faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup adalah: pendidikan OR= 11, 490 dan kepatuhan dalam mengkonsumsi obat immunosuppressant OR= 10, 530.Kesimpulan: Kualitas hidup pasien TG dipengaruhi oleh, usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dukungan keluarga dan kepatuhan pasien dalam mengkonsumsi obat immunosupressant Rekomendasi: Penelitian lebih lanjut terkait dimensi kualitas hidup: dimensi fisik, psikologis, hubungan sosial dan lingkungan dan pemberian intervensi keperawatan berupa edukasi sebelum dan sesudah TG.

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Kidney transplantation KT is one of the major therapies in terminal renal failure. KT can increase Quality of Life QoL of the patients with terminal renal failure. QoL can be affected by several factors, such as physical, psychological and mental factors.The aim of this research is to identify the factors that affects QoL of KT patients. The research design used Cross Sectional Study, with purposive sampling. The samples of study is 110 KT patients. The research instrument uses WHOQoL ndash BREF, instrument WHOQoL ndash BREF has been widely used in measuring the QoL in the world and the validity and reliability is a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data analysis uses proportion, chi square and multiple logistic regression.The results of this research showed that the QoL of KT patients at General Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo is good 71, 8 . The Factors influencing of the QoL of the patients were age, p 0,002, education p 0,001 occupation p 0,010 , family p 0,024 , and patient adherence to taking immunosuppressant drugs p 0,009.Conclusions The QoL of patients affected by age, education, occupation, family and patient adherence to taking immunosuppressant drugs. Recommendations Further research related to the dimensions of the Qol with are physical, psychological, social and environmental dimensions and Intervention of Nursing through prre and post opertif education of KT."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian laboratorium untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencekokan zat warna C.I. Food Yellow 4 terhadap gejala klinik dan perubahan struktur histologi organ ginjal mencit (Mus musculus L.). Pencekokan dilakukan terhadap 24 ekor mencit yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis : 0,00 (1 ); 5,25 (11); 7,25 (III) dan 9,25 (IV ) gram C.I. Food Yellow 4/kg berat badan mencit dengan pelarut aquabidestilata. Setelah perlakuan gejala klinik yang timbul diamati setiap hari, Pada hari ke-6 semua mencit dikorbankan dengan cara dislokasi serviks dan diambil organ ginjalnya untuk dibuat preparat Histologi. Hasil pengamatan terhadap gejala klinik memperlihatkan bahwa pada semua kelompok perlakuan terjadi diare dan perubahan berat badan yang tidak stabil. Hasil pengujian Kruskal - Wallis pada jurnlah rata-rata kerusakan glomerulus (α = 0,05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata pada kelompok kontrol dengan semua kelompok perlakuan. Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik organ ginjal mencit perlakuan kelompok (II ) tampak kerusakan ringan pada bagian glomerulus. Sedangkan pada kelompok mencit perlakuan ( III ) dan (IV ) terlihat kerusakan glomerulus semakin meningkat berupa lisisnya sel-sel lapis parietal dan viseral yang mangakibatkan terjadinya atropi dan pelebaran ruang antar Bowman. Kerusakan organ ginjal tampak jelas meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan dosis zat warna C.I. Food Yellow 4 yang dicekokan.

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A study of the effects. of a food color substance, C.I. Food Yellow 4, on clinical symptoms of mice (Mus musculus L.) and their kidneys were conducted in the laboratory. Each of four equal groups of six mice was individually fed with an artificial diet, impregnated with C.I. Food Yellow 4, at doses of 0.00, 5.25, 7.25, and 9.25 g I kg of body wieght on a daily basis.

Clinical symptoms of mice were observed every day before scarifying the mice by using a cervix dislocation technique on 6 th day of the experiment. The results showed that all treated mice underwent diarrhea and their weights fluctuated. Kruskal - Wallis test indicated that there was a significant difference (a = 0.05) of glomerulus damage between control and treated mice.

Histological examinations of kidney tissue of mice treated with 5.25 g of food color substance per kg of body weight showed that there was a slightly damage on glomeruli. Mice treated with 7.25 and 9.25 g 1 kg caused heavy damages in glomeruli. Such as parietal and visceral cells lyses which increased distance between two Bowman capsule walls. The level of kidney damage apparently increased with the increase of doses of C.I. Food Yellow 4 given."

"[ABSTRAKPola sirkadian tekanan darah (TD) adalah gambaran TD 24 jam berupa kurva TD yang meningkat pada pagi hari, menurun pada siang / sore hari dan terendah pada malam hari / waktu tidur. 24 hours Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (24 hrs ABPM) merupakan alat pengukur TD yang lebih akurat dan dapat memperlihatkan pola sirkadian TD 24 jam. Turunnya TD 10 - 20% pada malam hari disebut dipper, jika turun < 10% disebut nondipper. Meningkatnya TD 24 jam dan nondipper merupakan faktor risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas kardiovaskular. Prevalensi hipertensi dan nondipper pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 dalam Terapi Dialisis (PGK 5D) masih sangat tinggi. Faktor utama penyebab hipertensi pada PGK 5D adalah menurunnya Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (LFG) dan meningkatnya cairan ekstraselular. Transplantasi ginjal akan memperbaiki TD dan nondipper dengan membaiknya LFG, meningkatnya produksi urin dan menurunnya cairan ekstraseluler. Namun demikian satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal kebutuhan dosis obat imunosupresan masih cukup tinggi yang dapat mengakibatkan hambatan penurunan TD.Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan pola sirkadian TD, data dipper / nondipper dan rerata TD 24 jam pada pasien PGK Pra dan satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal. Metode Penelitian : Studi Pre experimental dengan before and after design. Subjek penelitian pasien PGK 5D / Pra Transplantasi Ginjal berusia 18 ? 60 tahun, dilakukan di RSCM pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2014. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 15 orang. Dilakukan pengumpulan urin 24 jam, pemeriksaan LFG, pengukuran TD 24 jam dengan 24 hrs ABPM, Pra dan satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal. Analisis statistik dengan uji McNemar dan uji t dependen.Hasil : Terdapat 12 subjek nondipper dan 3 subjek dipper pada pasien PGK Pra Transplantasi Ginjal. Satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal seluruh subjek (15 orang) memperlihatkan keadaan nondipper. Uji McNemar tidak dapat dilakukan karena seluruh subjek PGK satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal nondipper (homogen). Terdapat penurunan rerata TD sistolik 24 jam pasien PGK satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal yang tidak signifikan (p > 0,05) dan penurunan rerata TD diastolik 24 jam yang signifikan (p < 0,05).Simpulan : Belum terdapat perbaikan nondipper pada pasien satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal. Terdapat penurunan rerata TD sistolik 24 jam yang tidak signifikan dan penurunan rerata TD diastolik 24 jam yang signifikan pada pasien satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal.

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ABSTRACTThe circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours bloodpressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in theafternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs AmbulatoryBlood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that isaccurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20%at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. Theincreasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor forcardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence ofhypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis(CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5Dare decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellularfluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipperby GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellularfluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the doseof immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decreaseBP.Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the dataof dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and onemonth after kidney transplantation.Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the studywere patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years,were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October toDecember 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urinecollection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in allsubjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and tdependent test were used in statistical analysis.Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers whilethe others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects onemonth after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). Thedecreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD onemonth after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05),while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patientsone month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month afterkidney􀀃transplantation.;Background: The circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours bloodpressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in theafternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs AmbulatoryBlood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that isaccurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20%at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. Theincreasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor forcardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence ofhypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis(CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5Dare decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellularfluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipperby GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellularfluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the doseof immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decreaseBP.Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the dataof dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and onemonth after kidney transplantation.Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the studywere patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years,were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October toDecember 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urinecollection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in allsubjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and tdependent test were used in statistical analysis.Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers whilethe others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects onemonth after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). Thedecreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD onemonth after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05),while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patientsone month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month afterkidney􀀃transplantation.;Background: The circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours bloodpressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in theafternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs AmbulatoryBlood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that isaccurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20%at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. Theincreasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor forcardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence ofhypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis(CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5Dare decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellularfluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipperby GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellularfluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the doseof immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decreaseBP.Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the dataof dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and onemonth after kidney transplantation.Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the studywere patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years,were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October toDecember 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urinecollection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in allsubjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and tdependent test were used in statistical analysis.Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers whilethe others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects onemonth after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). Thedecreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD onemonth after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05),while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patientsone month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month afterkidney􀀃transplantation.;Background: The circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours bloodpressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in theafternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs AmbulatoryBlood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that isaccurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20%at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. Theincreasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor forcardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence ofhypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis(CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5Dare decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellularfluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipperby GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellularfluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the doseof immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decreaseBP.Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the dataof dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and onemonth after kidney transplantation.Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the studywere patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years,were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October toDecember 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urinecollection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in allsubjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and tdependent test were used in statistical analysis.Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers whilethe others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects onemonth after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). Thedecreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD onemonth after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05),while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patientsone month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month afterkidney􀀃transplantation.;Background: The circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours bloodpressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in theafternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs AmbulatoryBlood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that isaccurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20%at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. Theincreasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor forcardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence ofhypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis(CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5Dare decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellularfluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipperby GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellularfluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the doseof immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decreaseBP.Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the dataof dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and onemonth after kidney transplantation.Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the studywere patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years,were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October toDecember 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urinecollection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in allsubjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and tdependent test were used in statistical analysis.Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers whilethe others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects onemonth after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). Thedecreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD onemonth after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05),while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patientsone month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month afterkidney􀀃transplantation., Background: The circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours bloodpressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in theafternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs AmbulatoryBlood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that isaccurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20%at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. Theincreasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor forcardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence ofhypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis(CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5Dare decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellularfluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipperby GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellularfluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the doseof immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decreaseBP.Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the dataof dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and onemonth after kidney transplantation.Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the studywere patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years,were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October toDecember 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urinecollection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in allsubjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and tdependent test were used in statistical analysis.Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers whilethe others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects onemonth after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). Thedecreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD onemonth after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05),while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patientsone month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month afterkidney􀀃transplantation.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik gambaran pada mamografi dengan keganasan pada hasil histopatologi serta kesesuaian BI-RADS mamografi dengan hasil histopatologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data sekunder yaitu 85 pasien perempuan dengan kelainan jinak/ganas pada payudara yang menjalani mamografi dan biopsi bedah atau core biopsy di RS kanker Dharmais Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kesesuaian antara kecurigaan tingkat keganasan berdasarkan kategori BI-RADS mamografi dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi. Mamografi memiliki sensitifitas 100% dan spesifitas relatif 88,9%, nilai duga negatif 100% dan nilai duga positif 97,1%. Mamografi berperan penting dalam mendiagnosis kelainan payudara.

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This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the mammography findings with malignancy on histopathology results and the association of the BI-RADS mammography with histopathological results. This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data of 85 female patients with benign /malignant breast abnormality who underwent mammography and surgical biopsy or core biopsy at Dharmais cancer hospital in January 2011 until December 2012. The results showed there is association between the level of suspicion of malignancy based on the BIRADS category mammography with histopathological examination. Mammography had a sensitivity rate 100% and a relative specificity rate 88.9%, negative predictive value 100% and a positive predictive value 97.1%. Mammography plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast abnormalities."

"Latar Belakang: Transplantasi ginjal telah menjadi pilihan utama terapi bagi pasien dengan penyakit ginjal tahap akhir, baik yang berasal dari donor hidup maupun donor jenazah. Transplantasi ginjal memiliki risiko yang lebih rendah baik untuk mortalitas maupun kejadian kardiovaskular, serta memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik dibandingkan pasien yang menjalani dialisis kronis, baik hemodialisis maupun dialisis peritoneal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesintasan transplantasi ginjal di RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo tahun 2010-2017. Metode: Penelitian Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospekstif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien transplantasi ginjal. Sampel penelitian adalah resipien transplantasi ginjal ≥ 18 tahun di di RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo tahun 2010-2017, yaitu sebanyak 548 pasien. Hasil: penelitian probabilitas kesintasan resipien transplantasi ginjal selama pengamatan 5 tahun adalah 84,1% Hasil analisis dengan regresi cox menunjukkan bahwa resipien dengan donor yang berusia ≥ 40 tahun lebih cepat 1,487 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan resipien dengan donor yang berusia < 40 tahun, resipien yang berusia ≥ 45 tahun lebih cepat 2,356 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien yang berusia <45 tahun, lama hemodialisis ≥ 24 bulan lebih cepat 2,356 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien yang lama hemodialisisnya < 24 bulan, skor charlson > 1 lebih cepat 2,861 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien yang skor charlson ≤ 1, resipien yang memiliki DM lebih cepat 2,947 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan dengan yang tidak DM. Simpulan: Kesintasan lima tahun di Indonesia cukup baik. Insiden kematian relatif tinggi, menyebabkan penurunan kelangsungan hidup pasien lima tahun. Namun, hasil keseluruhan masih sebanding dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya.

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Background: Kidney transplantation has become the main choice of therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease, both from living donors and donor bodies. Kidney transplantation has a lower risk for both mortality and cardiovascular events, and has a better quality of life than patients who undergo chronic dialysis, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the survival of kidney transplants in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in 2010-2017.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study with total consecutive sampling is performed on all kidney transplant recipients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from March 2019 until May 2019. Data is acquired by analysing medical records and contacting patients directly. Each recipient is followed from the day of transplant until death or december 2018, whichever comes first. Five-year death and patient survival is documented. Kaplan-Meier Curve is used to describe patient survival until the end of study and analysis with Cox regression.

Result: which was as many as 548 patients. The results of this study indicate the probability of survival of kidney transplant recommendations during the 5-year observation was 84.1%. The results of the analysis with Cox regression showed that donors aged ≥ 40 years were 1,487 faster to die than recipients with donor aged <40 years, prescriptions aged ≥ 40 years 2,356 times faster to die than patients aged <40 years, duration of hemodialysis ≥ 24 months faster 2,356 times to die compared to patients with long hemodialysis <24 months, Charles score> 1 faster 2,861 times to die than patients who score charlson ≤ 1, the recipients who have DM are 2.97 times faster to die compared to those without DM.

Conclusions: The outcome of five-year death in Indonesia is very satisfactory. The incidence of death is relatively high, causing a decline in five-year patient survival. However, the overall results are still comparable to other developing countries."

"Latar Belakang: Saat ini penggantian gigi yang hilang dengan mahkota tiruan penuh dukungan implan merupakan salah satu perawatan dental yang sudah umum dilakukan. Tolak ukur keberhasilan perawatan implan gigi dapat dinilai dengan mengevaluasi performa mastikasi dan kepuasan pasien. Namun, penelitian yang mengevaluasi performa mastikasi dan kepuasan pasien dalam waktu yang singkat pada restorasi implan masih sedikit dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi perubahan performa mastikasi dan kepuasan pasien dalam waktu singkat segera setelah dilakukan pemasangan mahkota tiruan penuh posterior dukungan implan. Metode: Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50pasien dengan kehilangan posterior rahang bawah  di RSKGM FKG UI dan beberapa klinik swasta di Jakarta. Sebelum dan dua minggu setelah dilakukan pemasangan mahkota tiruan penuh dukungan implan pada gigi posterior rahang bawah,subjek dievaluasi performa mastikasinya secara objektif menggunakan color-changeable chewing gum. Selanjutnya, kepuasan responden terhadap kemampuan pengunyahan, kenyaman, dan retensi dalam mulut dievaluasi secara subjektif menggunakan VAS. Hasil: Diperoleh peningkatan secara signifikan pada performa mastikasi dua minggu setelah dilakukan pemasangan mahkota tiruan penuh posterior dukungan implan dibandingkan sebelumnya (p=0,000; p < 0,005; Wilcoxon test). Demikian pula pada kepuasan pasien ditemukan adanya peningkatan setelah dilakukan pemasangan mahkota tiruan penuh posterior dukungan implan (p=0,000; p < 0,005: Wilcoxon test). Secara statistik tidak ada pengaruh bermakna antara faktor usia dan jenis kelamin dengan  performa mastikasi (p=0,807; p=0,317; p > 0,005; Spearman Correlation test) dan kepuasaan pasien (p=0,690; p=0,317; p > 0,005; Spearman Correlation test). Kesimpulan : Terjadipeningkatan performa mastikasi dan kepuasan pasien setelah dilakukan pemasangan mahkota tiruan penuh posterior dukungan implan. Usia dan jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh terhadap performa mastikasi dan kepuasan pasien.

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Introduction: Nowadays, dental implant can be considered as a common treatment option to do in dentistry. Succesful parameter in implant dentistr can be measured by evaluating masticatory performances and patients satisfaction. However, there has been little research on short term improvement of masticatory performances and patients satisfaction in relation to implant restoration treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the improvement in masticatory performances two weeks after posterior implant restoration. Methodology: Fifty patients of the Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia and several private clinics with missing mandibular posterior tooth were included in the study. Masticatory performances were evaluated and objectively by utilizing color-changeable chewing gum and the satisfaction of the patient were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS). Patients satisfaction regarding mastication function, comfort and retention intraoral were verified on the VAS before and two weeks after implant restoration placement. Result: Significant differences in masticatory performance were noted at baseline (before implant posterior restoration) and to two weeks after implant restoration (p=0,000; p < 0,005; Wilcoxon test). The posttreatment functional of patients satisfactions ratings significantly exceeded the VAS score (p=0,000; p < 0,005; Wilcoxon test). Statistically, theres no significant difference between age and gender correlate to mastication performance (p=0,807; p=0,317; p > 0,005; Spearman Correlation test) and patients satisfaction p=0,690; p=0,317; p > 0,005; Spearman Correlation test). Conclusion: Masticatory performances and patients satisfactions were improved two weeks after implant restoration. Age and gender did not affect the masticatory performances nor the patients satisfactions."

"Latar Belakang: Transplantasi ginjal adalah modalitas terapi pengganti ginjal yang paling baik bagi pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA). Saat ini di Indonesia transplantasi ginjal dengan donor hidup mulai semakin sering dilakukan, terutama di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, di mana dalam beberapa tahun terakhir lebih dari 50% kasus transplantasi ginjal di Indonesia dilakukan di rumah sakit ini. Walaupun demikian, data mengenai hasil transplantasi di Indonesia, baik kesintasan 1 tahun graft maupun pasien, serta faktor yang diduga mempengaruhinya masih belum ada. Diharapkan hasil transplantasi di rumah sakit ini dapat menggambarkan hasil secara keseluruhan di Indonesia. Metode: Studi kohort retrospektif pada resipien transplantasi ginjal di RSUPN-CM dari Januari 2010 hingga Mei 2014. Data didapatkan dari penelusuran rekam medis serta menghubungi pasien secara langsung. Masing-masing resipien diikuti sejak tanggal transplantasi hingga kematian atau Mei 2015. Proporsi kesintasan graft dan pasien pada 1 tahun post transplantasi dan pada akhir studi didokumentasikan. Kurva Kaplan-Meier digunakan untuk menggambarkan kesintasan pasien secara keseluruhan. Studi deskriptif dilakukan dengan melihat perbedaan proporsi variabel serta perbedaan rerata atau median pada pasien yang mengalami kegagalan graft 1 tahun serta tidak, serta pasien yang bertahan hidup atau meninggal. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil consecutive total sampling didapatkan 157 resipien yang menjalani transplantasi ginjal di RSUPN-CM, 137 resipien di antaranya memenuhi kriteria penelitian, seluruhnya mendapatkan ginjal dari donor hidup. Usia resipien rata-rata adalah 47,9 ± 13,9 tahun, rerata IMT 22,8 ± 3,7 kg/m2, dan proporsi resipien dengan diabetes 35,8%. Didapatkan 7 pasien mengalami disfungsi graft primer (kegagalan transplantasi), sehingga 130 pasien diikuti untuk melihat kesintasan jangka panjang. Pada akhir tahun pertama, didapatkan angka death-censored graft survival adalah 95,4%, all-cause graft survival 85,4%, kesintasan pasien 88,5%, dan death with a functioning graft sebesar 10%. Pada akhir studi, didapatkan angka kesintasan tersebut berturut-turut adalah 94,6%, 80%, 82,3%, dan 14,6%, dengan median waktu pengamatan 24 bulan (1 ? 64 bulan). Kurva Kaplan Meier menunjukkan angka mortalitas tertinggi didapatkan pada bulan-bulan awal post transplantasi. Kegagalan graft dan kematian didapatkan lebih banyak pada resipien yang berusia lebih tua, mengidap diabetes melitus, serta memiliki indeks komorbiditas yang tinggi. Penyebab kematian utama adalah infeksi (11,5%) diikuti dengan kejadian kardiovaskular (3,8%). Simpulan: Death-censored graft survival 1 tahun resipien transplantasi ginjal di Indonesia sudah sangat memuaskan. Angka death with functioning graft masih cukup tinggi, sehingga menurunkan all-cause graft survival dan kesintasan pasien 1 tahun. Walaupun demikian, secara keseluruhan hasil ini masih sebanding dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya.

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Background: Kidney transplant is established as the preferred modality for end stage renal disease patients. Living donor kidney transplant is increasingly popular in Indonesia, especially in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, comprising more than 50% of all transplant procedures performed in Indonesia. However, data regarding one-year graft and patient survival in Indonesia is still scarce. This single-center study is hoped to represent the characteristics and results of graft and patient survival of living donor kidney transplant in Indonesia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study with total consecutive sampling is performed on all kidney transplant recipients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2010 until May 2014. Data is acquired by analysing medical records and contacting patients directly. Each recipient is followed from the day of transplant until death or May 2015, whichever comes first. One-year graft and patient survival is documented. Kaplan-Meier Curve is used to describe patient survival until the end of study. Descriptive studies on risk factors of graft and patient survival is also conducted, using differences in proportions, means, and medians appropriately.

Results: Within the timeframe there are 157 recipients of living donor kidney transplants, 137 of which fulfill the inclusion criteria. The mean age is 47.9 ± 13.9 years, mean BMI is 22.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2, and 35.8% of all recipients are diabetics. Primary non-function/early transplant failure is present in 7 patients, so that 130 recipients are included for long term survival descriptions. In the end of the first year post transplant, death-censored graft survival is 95.4%, all-cause graft survival is 85.4%, patient survival is 88.5%, and death with a functioning graft is 10%. By the end of the study, the corresponding survival results are 94.6%, 80%, 82.3%, and 14.6%, respectively, with a median observation time of 24 months (1 ? 64 months). Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the mortality rate is higher in the early months after transplant. More deaths and graft failures are found in older and diabetic recipients, as well as those with a high comorbidity index. The main causes of death are infections (11.5%) and cardiovascular diseases (3.5%).

Conclusions: The outcome of one-year death-censored graft survival in Indonesia is very satisfactory. The incidence of death with functioning graft is relatively high, causing a decline in one-year patient survival and all-cause graft survival. However, the overall results are still comparable to other developing countries."

"Latar Belakang: Pruritus menjadi salah satu gejala yang dialami oleh pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK). Pruritus yang berasosiasi dengan PGK mayoritas terjadi pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis (HD) dan dapat terjadi pada resipien transplantasi ginjal (RTG). Gejala pruritus yang tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kualitas hidup. Belum terdapat penelitian yang membandingkan proporsi derajat keparahan pruritus, kualitas hidup, dan korelasi berbagai faktor biokimia antara pasien HD dengan RTG di Indonesia. Tujuan: Membandingkan derajat keparahan pruritus, kualitas hidup, serta korelasi kadar hs-CRP, kalsium, fosfat, dan e-GFR antara pasien PGK yang menjalani HD dengan RTG. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Setiap SP dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Skala gatal 5 dimensi (5-D) digunakan untuk evaluasi derajat keparahan pruritus dan Indeks Kualitas Hidup Dermatologi (IKHD) digunakan dalam menilai kualitas hidup. Analisis statistik yang sesuai dilakukan untuk membuktikan hipotesis penelitian dengan nilai kemaknaan yang digunakan adalah p <0,05. Hasil: Dari 30 SP di masing-masing kelompok, proporsi pruritus derajat sedang-berat sebesar 76,7% pada kelompok HD sedangkan pada kelompok RTG sebanyak 83,3% mengalami pruritus derajat ringan (RR = 4,6; IK 95% = 2,02–10,5; p <0,001). Median skor IKHD pada kelompok HD adalah sebesar 5 (3–6) sedangkan pada kelompok RTG sebesar 3 (2–4) (p <0,001). Terdapat korelasi positif yang bermakna antara hs-CRP dengan skor skala gatal 5-D pada kelompok HD (r = 0,443; p <0,05). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara e-GFR dengan skor skala gatal 5-D pada RTG (r = -0,424; p <0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara kadar kalsium dan fosfat dengan skor skala gatal 5-D pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Pasien HD lebih banyak mengalami pruritus derajat sedang-berat dibandingkan pada RTG. Pruritus pada kelompok HD berdampak ringan hingga sedang terhadap kualitas hidup sedangkan pada kelompok RTG pruritus berpengaruh ringan terhadap kualitas hidup. Pada pasien HD, semakin tinggi kadar hs-CRP maka semakin meningkat skor skala gatal 5-D. Pada pasien RTG, semakin menurun nilai e-GFR maka semakin meningkat skor skala gatal 5-D.

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Background: Pruritus is one of the symptoms experienced by patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most patients with chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) occur in dialysis patients and could also happen in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Inappropriate management of pruritus could impact the quality of life (QoL). No studies have compared the severity of pruritus, QoL, and the correlation of various biochemical factors between hemodialysis (HD) and KT recipients in Indonesia. Objective: To compare the severity of pruritus, QoL, and the correlation of hs-CRP, calcium, phosphate, and e-GFR levels between HD and KT recipients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic observational study. Medical history, physical examination, and laboratory examination were conducted on each subject. The 5-dimensional (5-D) itch scale was used to evaluate the severity of pruritus. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to assess the QoL. Appropriate statistical analysis was conducted to prove the research hypothesis with a significance value of p <0.05. Results: Out of 30 subjects in each group, the proportion of moderate to severe pruritus was 76.7% in the HD group. In the KT group, 83.3% experienced mild pruritus (RR = 4.6; CI 95% = 2.02– 10.5; p <0.001). The median DLQI score in the HD group was 5 (3–6), while in the KT group was 3 (2–4) (p <0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between hs-CRP and the 5-D itch scale in the HD group (r = 0.443; p <0.05). The KT group had a significant negative correlation between e-GFR and the 5-D itch scale (r = -0.424; p <0.05). Both groups had no statistically significant correlation between calcium and phosphate levels and the 5-D itch scale. Conclusion: Moderate-to-severe pruritus was more common in HD patients than in KT recipients. Pruritus in HD patients had a mild to moderate effect on QoL, whereas pruritus in KT recipients had a mild impact on QoL. A higher level of hs-CRP in HD patients results in a higher 5-D itch scale. In KT recipients, the lower the e-GFR value, the higher the 5-D itch scale."