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Christopher Surya Suwita

Pengaruh Faktor Ekstrakardiak terhadap Timbulnya Late Potentials pada Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography Awal Perawatan Pasien Infark Miokardium Anterior di Intensive Cardiac Care Unit = Effects of Extracardiac Factors in Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography-Measured Late Potentials from Early Anterior Myocardial Infarction in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit.

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu modalitas yang dapat memprediksi aritmia ventrikel pasca-infark miokardium (MI), terutama MI anterior, adalah signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SA-ECG), melalui deteksi late potentials (LP) yang merupakan substrat aritmia ventrikel. Faktor-faktor ekstrakardiak yang sekaligus menjadi faktor risiko MI, misalnya hipertensi, diabetes, dislipidemia, dan obesitas, dipikirkan berhubungan dengan kejadian aritmia ventrikel pasca-MI melalui berbagai patomekanisme, yang kemungkinan berkaitan erat dengan timbulnya LP.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor ekstrakardiak terhadap timbulnya LP saat awal perawatan pada pasien MI anterior yang dirawat di intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).

Metode: Desain studi ini adalah potong lintang dengan pemeriksaan SA-ECG sewaktu terhadap 80 subjek penelitian yang mengalami MI anterior di ICCU selama periode Desember 2018-2019. Riwayat medis dan faktor risiko ekstrakardiak direkapitulasi, sedangkan data SA-ECG diambil dari pemeriksaan langsung maupun data SA-ECG pasien MI anterior ICCU dalam periode tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik.

Hasil: Faktor yang paling umum ditemukan adalah hipertensi (70,00%), diikuti dislipidemia (56,25%), diabetes (46,25%), dan obesitas (38,75%). Obesitas dan dislipidemia merupakan faktor ekstrakardiak yang berperan paling besar terhadap prevalensi LP. Namun, dari analisis tambahan, kami menemukan bahwa diabetes dengan hiperglikemia akut juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap terjadinya LP. Besar OR untuk diabetes dengan hiperglikemia akut, obesitas, dan dislipidemia masing-masing adalah sebesar 4,806 (IK95% 0,522-44,232), 4,291 (IK95% 0,469-39,299), dan 3,237 (IK95% 0,560-18,707). Hubungan tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik.

Kesimpulan: Pasien MI anterior yang menderita diabetes dengan hiperglikemia akut, obesitas, dan dislipidemia cenderung memiliki prevalensi LP yang lebih tinggi, namun secara statistik hubungan tersebut tidak bermakna. Untuk meningkatkan nilai prognostik SA-ECG, diperlukan pemeriksaan serial selama perawatan.

Introduction: One modality that can predict ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction (MI), particularly anterior MI, is signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SA-ECG), through the detection of late potentials (LP) which is a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. Extracardiac factors, which are also risk factors for MI, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, are apparently associated with post-MI ventricular arrhythmias, which in turn may be correlated with LP.
Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of extracardiac risk factors on LP incidence in anterior MI patients treated in the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 80 subjects with anterior MI during December 2018-2019 underwent SA-ECG examination. The medical history and extracardiac risk factors were recapitulated, then the SA-ECG data was taken from either direct examination or ICCU patients database in that period. This study used multivariate analysis with logistic regression test.
Result: The most common factors found were hypertension (70.00%), followed by dyslipidemia (56.25%), diabetes (46.25%), and obesity (38.75%). Obesity and dyslipidemia are extracardiac factors with biggest role in the prevalence of LP. However, from subgroup analysis, we found that diabetes with acute hyperglycemia also had immense influence on the occurrence of LP. The OR for diabetes with acute hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia were 4.806 (IK95% 0.522-44.232), 4.291 (IK95% 0.469-39.299), and 3.237 (IK95% 0.560-18.707). However, the association is not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Patients with anterior MI who suffer from diabetes with hyperglycemia in admission, obesity, and dyslipidemia potentially have a higher LP prevalence, despite statistically insignificance. To increase the prognostic value of SA-ECG, serial examinations are needed during hospitalization."

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020

T-Pdf

UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Christopher Surya Suwita

"ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Salah satu modalitas yang dapat memprediksi aritmia ventrikel pasca-infark miokardium (MI), terutama MI anterior, adalah signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SA-ECG), melalui deteksi late potentials (LP) yang merupakan substrat aritmia ventrikel. Faktor-faktor ekstrakardiak yang sekaligus menjadi faktor risiko MI, misalnya hipertensi, diabetes, dislipidemia, dan obesitas, dipikirkan berhubungan dengan kejadian aritmia ventrikel pasca-MI melalui berbagai patomekanisme, yang kemungkinan berkaitan erat dengan timbulnya LP.

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of extracardiac risk factors on LP incidence in anterior MI patients treated in the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 80 subjects with anterior MI during December 2018-2019 underwent SA-ECG examination. The medical history and extracardiac risk factors were recapitulated, then the SA-ECG data was taken from either direct examination or ICCU patients database in that period. This study used multivariate analysis with logistic regression test.

Results: The most common factors found were hypertension (70.00%), followed by dyslipidemia (56.25%), diabetes (46.25%), and obesity (38.75%). Obesity and dyslipidemia are extracardiac factors with biggest role in the prevalence of LP. However, from subgroup analysis, we found that diabetes with acute hyperglycemia also had immense influence on the occurrence of LP. The OR for diabetes with acute hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia were 4.806 (IK95% 0.522-44.232), 4.291 (IK95% 0.469-39.299), and 3.237 (IK95% 0.560-18.707). However, the association is not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Patients with anterior MI who suffer from diabetes with hyperglycemia in admission, obesity, and dyslipidemia potentially have a higher LP prevalence, despite statistically insignificance. To increase the prognostic value of SA-ECG, serial examinations are needed during hospitalization."

Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020

T-Pdf

UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library

Mohd. Bhukkar A. S.

Late potential sebagai prediktor aritmia pasca infark miokard akut dengan menggunakan signal-a veraged ECG = Late potential as arrhythmia predictor post-acute myocardial infarction by using signal-averaged ECG

"Latar Belakang: Risiko aritmia pasta infark miokard akut 5-11%. Perlu adanya stratifikasi risiko tedadinya aritmia pasca infark miokard akin. Aritmia yang terjadi pasta infark miokard akut dapat disebabkan karena perubahan elektrofisiologi, milieu (transient factors) dan aritmia spontan. Penelitian menggunakan late potential sebagai salah satu modalitas untuk mendapat gambaran perubahan elektrofisiologi yang terjadi pasta infark miokard akin dan sebagai prediktor risiko terjadinya aritmia. Late potential didapatkan dengan pemeriksaan SA-ECG.

Subyek: Dikurnpulkan 38 kasus infark miokard akut barn, sejak bulan Juni 2004 sampai dengan Februari 2005. Usia berkisar antara 35 - 65 tahun. Kriteria inklusi diagnosis infark miokard akut dengan menggunakan kriteria WHO. Kriteria eksklusi: infark sebeluinnya, blok cabang berkas, angina pektoris tak stabil, atrial fibrilasi dan fluter, infark miokard dengan strok iskemia, bedah pintas koroner dan riwayat angioplasti (sten atau balon).

Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain kohor, dilakukan pemeriksaan Signal Averaged ECG untuk mendapatkan late potential, kontrol internal late potential negatif Dilakukan uji hipotesis yang sesuai untuk mendapatkan nilai kemaknaan pada penelitian ink Pemeriksaan SA-ECG dilakukan pada hari 6-16 perawatan di RS Harapan Kita, late potential sesuai dua dari 3 kriteria WHO.

Hasil : Laki-laki 30 (78,9%), wanita 8 (21,1%) dan usia rerata 52,34 tahun. Jens infark Q wave 18 (47,4%) dan non Q wave 20 (52,6%). Aritmia terutarna PVC 7 (18,4%), ventrikular takikardia (VT) 2 (5,3%) dan 29 (76,3%) normal. Lokasi infark terutama inferior 17 (44,7%) , non inferior 21 (55,3%).Rerata seat dilakukan pemeriksaan SA-ECG yaitu 9,6 hail dengan SB ± 2,6 hari. Parameter pemeriksaan SA-ECG yaitu 1. QRSD rerata 114,8 ins, SB ±15,8 ms, 2_ HFLA rerata 36,2 ms, SB ± 12,8 ms, 3, RMS rerata 30,2 u.V, SB ± 15,9 µV. Didapatkan late potential positif 13 (34,2%). Kadar kalium bulan pertarna dan bulan kedua dalann Batas normal. Aritmia terjadi pada bulan pertama 2 (5,3%) dan 9 (23.5%). Pada bulan pertama aritmia terjadi pada pasien dengan satu late potential positif dan satu dengan late potential negatif.Sedangkan pada bulan ke 2 didapatkan terjadi aritmia 7 (53,8%) dengan late potential positif dan 2 (8%) dengan late potential negatif, p < 0.003, IK 95% dan relatif risk (RR) 6.73.Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna lokasi infark, slat pemeriksaan SA-ECG dengan terbentuknya late potential. Tidak didapat hubungan bermakna antara kaliurn dan kejadian aritmia.

Kesimpulan : Late potential dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu modalitas untuk stratifikasi risiko teijadinya aritmia, didapatkan aritmia dengan late potential positif pada bulan 2,.p < 0,003 dan risiko relatif sebesar 6,73. Perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan populasi yang lebih banyak, melibatkan beberapa seater, dilakukan menggunakan halter monitor untuk mengawasi terjadinya aritmia dan dalam waktu 1 tahun pasca infark miokard akut.

Background: Risk of arrhythmias in post acute myocardial infarction in first 2 years was within range 5-i 1%. The stratification of arrhythmia event in post acute myocardial infarction was needed. There are several factors in arrhythmias mechanism, such as electrophysiology alteration, milieu (transient factors) and spontaneous arrhythmias. In this study, late potential as cardio electrophysiology state post infarction is used to be arrhythmias predictor. Late potential description was obtained used by Signal-Averaged ECG.
Subjects: Thirty eight consecutive patients admitted to coronary care unit in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and Persahabatan hospitals with documented acute myocardial infarction, since Juny 2004 to February 2005. Their ages were ranging from 35 to 65 years: Patients were included according to WHO acute myocardial infarction criteria.
Methods: This is a cohort study. SA-ECG was performed to obtained late potential, negative late potential patients as internal control. Signal-Averaged ECG was done in 6 - 16 days post acute myocardial infarction in Harapan Kita hospital. An abnormal (positive) SA-ECG is considered if two or more of the following three criteria from WHO.
Results: Subjects consisted of 30 (78,9%) male patients and female of 8 (21,1%). The mean age was 52,34 years.The incidence Q wave and non Q wave of acute myocardial infarction were 18 (47,4%) and 20 (52,6%). Type of arrhytrnias were premature ventricle contraction (PVC) 7 (18,4%), ventricular tachycardia (VT) 2 (5,3%) and normal 29 (76,3%). The inferior and non inferior wall site of infarction were 17 (44,7%) and 21 (55,3%). The mean time (days) recording of SA-ECG was 9,6 days, SD 1 2,6 days. There were three parameters of SA ECG included L QRSD mean 114,8 ms, SD 115,8 ms, 2. HFLA mean 36,2 ms, SD ± 12,8 ms, 3, RMS mean 30,2 p.V, SD ± 15,9 IN. The incidence abnormal SA-ECG was 13 (34,2%), Kalium level in first and second month of following was within normal range. The arrhytmias event in first and second month were 2 (5,3%) and 9 (23,7%). in first month, arrhytmia event in one positive and one negative late potential. In second month, seven of 9 patients had positive late potential. There was significant relation between abnormal SA-ECG and arrhytmia event in second month, p < 0.003 (CI 95%: 1,63-27,89), relative risk (RR) 6,73. There was no significant relation in site of infarction, time recording of SA-ECG, and kalium level with arrhytmia event.
Conclusion: The late potential could be used as one of arrhytmia predictors of post acute myocardial infarction. There was significant relation between late potential and arrhytmia in second month, p < 0,003, relative risk (RR) 6,73. Furthere study is needed with greater samples size and appropriate instruments (eg. Holter monitor)."

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2005

T-Pdf

UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library

Muhadi

Cedera hati hipoksik prediktor komplikasi akut utama pasien infark miokard di Unit Rawat Intensif Koroner Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, tahun 2006-2016 = Hypoxic liver injury as predictor of major adverse cardiac events in acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to Intensive Coroner Care Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, 2006-2016

"Latar Belakang: Infark miokard salah satu penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia. MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Event) adalah komplikasi akut utama yang terjadi pada pasien infark miokard, meliputi gagal jantung akut, syok kardiogenik dan aritmia fatal. Diperlukan biomarker yang akurat, mudah dilakukan dan cost-effective untuk memprediksi MACE dan kematian. Cedera hati hipoksik atau HLI (hypoxic liver injury) adalah salah satu biomarker potensial menggunakan kadar enzim hati transaminase (aspartate transaminase) sebagai parameter. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran HLI sebagai prediktor MACE pada pasien infark miokard tanpa gambaran EKG elevasi segmen ST (NSTEMI).

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan keluaran berupa MACE dan kohort retrospektif dengan keluaran kematian selama masa perawatan. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani perawatan di ICCU RSCM. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani perawatan di ICCU RSCM pada tahun 2006-2016 dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian sebanyak 277 subyek. Penentuan titik potong HLI berdasarkan kadar aspartate transaminase (AST) yang dapat memprediksi MACE dan kematian dihitung dengan kurva ROC. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mendapatkan POR terhadap MACE dengan memasukkan kovariat. Analisis bivariat mengenai sintasan pasien terhadap kematian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kurva Kaplan-Meier dan diuji dengan Log-rank.

Hasil: MACE pada penelitian ini adalah 51,3% (gagal jantung akut 48,4%, aritmia fatal 6,5%, syok kardiogenik 7,2%) dan angka kematian sebesar 6,13%. Median nilai AST adalah 35 U/L pada seluruh subyek, 40 (8-2062) U/L pada subyek dengan MACE dan 31 (6-1642) U/L dengan subyek tanpa MACE (p 0,003). Nilai titik potong yang diambil untuk memprediksi MACE adalah 101,0 U/L (sensitivitas 21,8%, spesifisitas 89,6%, POR 2,727 (IK 95% 1,306-5,696), p 0,006). Pada analisis multivariat tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara HLI dengan MACE. Nilai titik potong untuk memprediksi kesintasan terhadap kematian adalah 99,0 U/L (sensitivitas 23,5%, spesifisitas 83,8%, likelihood ratio + 1,46). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan kesintasan yang bermakna antara subyek dengan nilai HLI di bawah dan di atas titik potong kadar AST.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan median nilai AST yang bermakna pada pasien NSTEMI dengan dan tanpa MACE. Titik potong kadar AST untuk memprediksi MACE adalah 101,0 U/L. Titik potong kadar AST untuk memprediksi kesintasan adalah 99 mg/dl. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kesintasan pada pasien dengan nilai HLI di bawah dan di atas titik potong kadar AST.

Background: Myocard infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death around the world. Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) complicating MI are acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock and fatal arrhytmia. An accurate, easy and cost-effective biomarker is needed to predict MACE and mortality in patients with MI. Hypoxic liver injury (HLI) is a potential biomarker using aspartate transaminase (AST) level as the parameter. This study is aimed to discover HLI's role in predicting MACE in Non ST Elevation Myocard Infarct (NSTEMI).

Method: This study is designed as cross sectional to predict MACE and prospective cohort for survival analysis. Study population is all NSTEMI patients admitted to ICCU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and study sample are NSTEMI patients admitted to ICCU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital that meets all criteria during 2006-2016 (277 subjects). Cut-off level of AST for HLI to predict MACE and mortality is analyzed using ROC curve and AUC. Survival analysis is done using Kaplan Meier curve and the difference is tested with Log-Rank.

Result: Incidence of MACE in this study is 51.3% (acute heart failure 48.4%, fatal arrhytmia 6.5%, cardiogenic shock 7.2%) and mortality rate is 6.13%. The median of AST level on all subject is 35 U/L, 40 (8-2062) U/L in subjects with MACE and 31 (6-1642) U/L in subjects without MACE (p 0.003). Cut-off level for AST used to predict MACE is 101 U/L (sensitivity 21.8%, specificity 89.6%, POR 2.727 (CI 95% 1.306-5.696), p 0.006). In multivariate analysis, HLI is insignificantly related to MACE. Cut-off level for AST used to predict survival is 99 U/L (sensitivity 23.5%, specificity 83.8%, likelihood ratio + 1.46). There are no significant difference of survival between groups with HLI level below and above the cut-off AST level.

Conclusion: There is significant differences of median AST level between NSTEMI patients with and without MACE. Cut-off level for AST used to predict MACE is 101 U/L. Cut-off level for AST used to predict survival is 99 U/L. There are no significant difference of survival between groups with AST level below and above the cut-off AST level."

Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2018

T50800

UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library

Agoes Kooshartoro

Dispersi QT sebagai prediktor major adverse cardiac event 7 hari perawatan pada pasien dengan sindrom koroner akut di Unit Pelayanan Kardiologi Intensif = QT dispersion as a predictor of major adverse cardiac event 7 days care in patient with acute coronary syndrome in intensive cardiology service unit

"Latar Belakang : Indonesia memiliki angka kematian karena penyakit kardiovaskular yang semakin meningkat, dengan angka kematian diperkirakan sebanyak 17,3 juta kematian. Mengingat tingkat mortalitas yang sangat tinggi pada pasien dengan sindrom koroner akut SKA, maka diperlukan sebuah prediktor Major Adverse Cardiac Event MACE yang objektif dan terukur untuk manajemen pasien SKA dalam jangka panjang. Pada SKA dapat ditemukan heterogenitas repolarisasi ventrikel yang dapat dilihat pada elektrokardiografi EKG sebagai QTmax-QTmin, atau dapat disebut sebagai QTD.QTD disinyalir dapat dijadikan penanda untuk risiko MACE pada pasien SKA.

Tujuan : Mengetahui peran dispersi QT dan QTcD sebagai prediktor MACE pada pasien sindrom koroner akut SKA.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif pada 230 rekam medis pasien SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSCM dalam rentang waktu Januari 2016 hingga November 2017. EKG standar 12 sadapan saat serangan dianalisis dan dilakukan pengukuran interval QTmax dan QTmin yang kemudian dihitung QTd. Selanjutnya dikoreksi dengan frekuensi nadi menggunakan rumus Bazett QTcD.

Hasil : Pemanjangan QTD lebih dari 100mdet dapat menjadi prediktor MACE pada pasien dengan SKA OR 1,25 IK95 0,17 ndash; 2,71 . Setelah dikoreksi dengan frekuensi nadi menggunakan rumus Bazett, pemanjangan QTcD juga dapat menjadi prediktor MACE pada pasien SKA 1,89 IK95 0,05 ndash; 67,37.

Kesimpulan : Pemanjangan QTD lebih dari 100mdet atau QTcD lebih dari 12,72mdet dapat menjadi prediktor MACE.

Background: In Indonesia, the number of death due to cardiovascular disease is rapidly rising and it was approximated to have resulted in 17,3 million deaths. Due to this steadily increasing cases, it is necessary to find a predictor for Major Adverse Cardiac Event MACE that is objective and standardized for long term care of patients with acute coronary syndrome ACS. In ACS, one of the underlying mechanisms is the presence of heterogeneity in ventricle repolarization that is seen on ECG machine as QTmax ndash QTmin, or what is identified as QTD. QTD is hypothesized to have role as marker in patients with MACE in ACS.
Aim: Identify the role of QTD and QTcD as MACE predictor in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort with the subject of 230 ACS patients that was hospitalised on RSCM ICCU among January 2016 to November 2017. Data was taken from medical record and 12 lead ECG during attack were taken and analysed manually to calculate QTmax and QTmin and substraction of both into QTD. Followed by correction using the heart rate with Bazett formula QTcD.
Result: QTD prolongation of more than 100ms in patients with ACS may lead to MACE OR 1,25 IK95 0,17 ndash 2,71 . Following correction with Bazett formula, QTcD prolongation is also predictor 1,89 IK95 0,05 ndash 67,37.
Conclusion: QTD prolongation of more than 100ms or QTcD of more than 12.72ms might lead to MACE "

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018

T59198

UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library

Dewi Martalena

Pengaruh Hiperglikemia admisi terhadap kesintasan terjadinya Major Adverse Cardiac Events pada pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut selama perawatan di ICCU RSCM = The influence of Hyperglycemia on admission to survival of Major Adverse Cardiac Event Mace in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) hospitalised at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital's Intensive Cardiac Care Unit / Dewi Martalena

"ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Hiperglikemia admisi sebagai prediktor MACE pada SKA telah banyak diteliti, namun belum ada yang memperhatikan kesintasannya. Indonesia (ICCU RSCM khususnya), belum memiliki data epidemiologis mengenai hiperglikemia admisi pada SKA maupun pengaruhnya terhadap MACE dan kesintasannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar menjadi landasan untuk stratifikasi risiko selama perawatan.

Tujuan: Mengkaji hiperglikemia admisi sebagai prediktor MACE dan mengetahui kesintasan

terhadap MACE pada berbagai kelompok hiperglikemia admisi pada SKA selama perawatan.

Metode: Kohort retrospektif dengan pendekatan analisis kesintasan terhadap 442 pasien SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSCM Januari 2008-Mei 2012, terbagi 3 kelompok berdasarkan gula darah admisi (GD ≤140mg/dl, 141-200mg/dL, >200mg/dL). Kurva Kaplan Meier digunakan untuk mengetahui kesintasan masing-masing kelompok. Analisis bivariat mengunakan uji log-rank, analisis multivariat menggunakan cox proportional hazard regression. Besarnya hubungan variabel hiperglikemia admisi dengan MACE dinyatakan dengan crude HR dan IK 95% serta adjusted HR dan IK 95% setelah memasukkan variabel perancu.

Hasil dan pembahasan: 63 (14,25%) pasien mengalami MACE dengan kesintasan rata-rata 6,373 hari; SE 0,076 dan IK 95% 6,225-6,522. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara hiperglikemia admisi dengan kesintasan MACE (p<0,001). MACE tercepat terjadi berturut-turut pada GD admisi >200mg/dL, 141-200mg/dL, dan ≤140mg/dL dengan rata-rata kejadian secara berturut-turut pada hari perawatan ke-5,989; 6,078; 6,632. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hiperglikemia admisi merupakan prediktor independen MACE selama perawatan (Adjusted HR 2,422; IK 95% 1,049-5,588 untuk GD admisi 141-200mg/dL dan Adjusted HR 3,598; IK 95% 1,038-12,467 untuk GD admisi >200mg/dL).

Simpulan: Kesintasan MACE pada pasien SKA selama 7 hari perawatan di ICCU RSCM adalah 85,7%, dan terdapat perbedaan kesintasan antara berbagai kelompok hiperglikemia admisi terhadap terjadinya MACE. Semakin tinggi kadar gula darah, semakin buruk kesintasannya (semakin tinggi risiko dan semakin cepat pula terjadi MACE)

ABSTRACT

Background: Hyperglycemia on admission as a predictor for MACE in ACS has been studied for several circumstances, but none had seen it’s importance for survival. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital’s ICCU, had not have any epidemiological data about hyperglycemia on admission in ACS nor it’s influence to MACE and survival. This study was conducted to provide a platform for risk stratification during hospitalisation

Aim: To evaluate hyperglycemia on admission as a predictor for MACE and, to describe survival according to hyperglycemia on admission status in patients with ACS.

Methods: Retrospective cohort design and survival analysis was used to 442 ACS patients hospitalised at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital’s ICCU between Januari 2008 and May 2012 that divided into 3 groups according to admission BG (≤140 mg/dL, 141-200 mg/dL and >200 mg/dL). Kaplan Meier curve utilised to evaluate the survival of each group. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Log-rank tes. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazzard regression. The extend of relation between admission hyperglycemia and MACE was expressed with crude HR with 95% CI and adjusted HR with 95% CI after adjusting for confounders.

Results and discussion: MACE was found to happen to 63 (14.25%) patients with average survival of 6.373 days, SE 0.076 and 95% CI 6.225-6.522. Bivariate analysis found statistically significant relation hyperglycemia on between admission and MACE survival (p<0.001). MACE was significantly earlier in admission BG of >200 mg/dL, 141-200 mg/dL and ≤140 mg/dL respectively, with mean hospitalisation day at 5.989, 6.078 and 6.632 in that order. Multivariate analysis shown that hyperglycemia on admission was an independent predictor for MACE during hospitalisation (Adjusted HR 2.422; 95% CI 1.049-5.588 for BG 141-200 mg/dL and Adjusted HR 3.598; 95% CI 1.038-12.467 for BG >200 mg/dL).

Conclusion: Survival of MACE in ACS patient during 7 days hospitalisation in ICCU RSCM is 85,7%, and there was a survival difference between different admission hyperglycemia groups. The higher the blood glucose level, signify a worse survival and also faster and higher risk for MACE."

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013

T32958

UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library

Vera Abdullah

Pengaruh psikoterapi suportif singkat terhadap major adverse cardiovascular events, nilai rasio netrofil-limfosit dan gejala psikis pada pasien sindroma koroner akut yang dirawat di Intensive Cardiac Care Unit. = Influence of brief supportive psychotherapy in major adverse cardiovascular events, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and psychological symptoms in acute coronary syndrome patients in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit

"ABSTRAK

Latar belakang Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) masih menjadi target yang dicegah dalam tata laksana sindroma koroner akut (SKA). Rasio netrofil-limfosit (RNL) terkait dengan dampak atau prognosis pada pasien dengan penyakit ini. Kondisi psikologis berperan sebelum, selama dan setelah infark. Psikoterapi suportif singkat (PSS) ditujukan untuk membangun kepercayaan diri, mengurangi cemas dan memperbaiki mekanisme koping terhadap penyakit ini.

Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pengaruh PSS terhadap MACE, RNL dan gejala psikis pada pasien SKA yang dirawat di Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU).

Metode Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis random tidak tersamar ganda untuk membandingkan kelompok yang mendapat intervensi PSS dengan kontrol pada pasien SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo mulai 18 April hingga 30 Juli 2019 terhadap MACE, RNL dan gejala psikis. Intervensi PSS berlangsung 5 sesi selama rawatan di ICCU, kelompok PSS dan kontrol akan difollow-up pada saat sebelum pulang rawatan terhadap MACE (fatal aritmia, infark miokard rekuren, syok kardiogenik dan kematian), RNL dan gejala psikis yang diukur menggunakan inventori Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square dan t tidak berpasangan untuk distribusi normal dan uji Fisher dan Mann-Whitney untuk yang tidak terdistribusi normal.

Hasil Hasil menunjukkan kelompok PSS terdapat 32 pasien, dan kontrol sejumlah 35 pasien. Median usia sebesar 55 (32-86) tahun. Proporsi lelaki sebesar 74,6%. Rerata lama rawatan ICCU yaitu 5 (2-13) hari. Tidak ada kejadian MACE, namun insiden major adverse event lain (stroke) 3,13% pada PSS dan 5,71% pada kontrol. Rerata RNL kelompok PSS sebesar 3,35(2,26) dan kontrol 3,63(1,79), p 0,346 (95% KI -1,27-0,71). Delta rerata RNL 1,49, p 0,098 (95% KI -0,69 - 3,67); tanpa CHF 3,87(5,48), 0,33(2,54) pada kontrol, p 0,007 d 0,79; tanpa CAD 3,88(4,55), 0,84(2,51) pada kontrol, p 0,014, d 0,77. Rerata skor HAD-Ansietas kelompok PSS sebesar 4,63(3,52) dan kontrol 4,31(2,62), p 0,874 (95% KI -1,19 - 1,82). Delta rerata skor HAD-Ansietas sebesar -0,01, p 0,988 (95% KI -1,74-1,71). Rerata skor HAD-Depresi kelompok PSS sebesar 4,91 (2,63) dan kontrol 4,37 (3,05), p 0,447 (95% KI -0,86 - 1,93). Delta rerata skor HAD-Depresi sebesar 1,62, p 0,149 (95% KI -0,17 -3,41); dengan CHF 1,73(3,58), -1,27(2,8) pada kontrol, p 0,041, d 0,86; dengan CAD 2,08(3,4), -0,8(3,3) pada kontrol, p 0,035, d 0,80.

ABSTRACT

Background Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is still the preventive target in management acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is regarded to the impact or prognosis in this patients. Psychological conditions play a role before, during and after infarction. Brief supportive psychotherapy (BSP) is stressed in terms of building confidence, reduce anxiety and improve coping mechanisms of this illness.

Aim The present study aims to compare influence of BSP on MACE, NLR, and psychological symptom in ACS patients to control one in ICCU.

Method The study is a double opened clinical randomized study which was compared with controls before and after intervention to observe the influence of BSP on the patients with ACS who were treated in ICCU of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo - Jakarta in April, 18th to July, 30th 2019 on MACE, NLR and psychological symptom. The BSP intervention was about 5 sessions as long as inpatient in ICCU, the BSP group and the control ones would be followed by the end of the day in ICCU for the MACE (fatal arrhythmias, recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and death), NLR, and psychological symptom which it was measured with hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS) inventory. Data were analyzed with Chi square and independent t-test for normally distributed data and Fisher and Mann-Whitney test for abnormally ones.

Results The study results showed 32 patients in brief supportive psychotherapy group and 35 patients in control one. The median age was 55(32 - 86) years old. The male proportion was 74,6%. The median length of stay in ICCU was 5(2-13) days. There was no MACE, but incident of other major adverse event (stroke) 3,13% in BSP and 5,71% in control. The mean NLR was 3,35(2,26) in BSP group and 3,63(1,79) in control one, p 0,346 (95% CI -1,27 - 0,71). The mean delta of NLR was 1,49, p 0,098 (95% CI -0,69 - 3,67); without CHF 3,87(5,48), 0,33(2,54) in control group, p 0,007 d 0,79; without CAD 3,88(4,55), 0,84(2,51) in control one, p 0,014, d 0,77. The mean of HAD-Anxiety score was 4,63(3,52) in BSP group and 4,31(2,62) in control one, p 0,874 (95% CI -1,19 -1,82). The mean delta of HAD-Anxiety score was -0,01, p 0,988 (95% CI -1,74 - 1,71). The mean of HAD-Depression score was 4,91(2,63) in BSP group and 4,37(3,05) in control one, p 0,447 (95% CI -0,86 - 1,93). The mean delta of HAD-Depression score was 1,62, p 0,149 (95% CI -0,17 - 3,41); with CHF 1,73(3,58), -1,27(2,8) in control group, p 0,041, d 0,86; with CAD 2,08(3,4), -0,8(3,3) in control one, p 0,035, d 0,80.

Conclusions There was no MACE, but stroke incident lower in BSP than control one. There was influence of BSP on NLR in ACS patients without CHF or CAD, and psychological symptom in ACS ones with CHF or CAD."

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020

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Arif Sejati

Faktor-faktor prognostik mortalitas pasien sepsis berat fase lanjut di Ruang Rawat Intensif Rumah Sakit DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo = Prognostic factors of mortality from late phase of severe sepsis in intensive care unit at DR.Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital / Arif Sejati

"ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang. Terdapat gangguan sistem imun pada sepsis. Fase awal ditandai

dengan hiperinflamasi, sedangkan fase lanjut ditandai dengan imunosupresi.

Kematian kumulatif lebih banyak pada fase lanjut. Saat ini belum terdapat

penelitian yang secara khusus meneliti faktor prognostik mortalitas sepsis fase

lanjut dan mengembangkan model prediksi mortalitasnya.

Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor prognostik mortalitas sepsis berat fase lanjut di ICU

dan mengembangkan sistem skor untuk memprediksi mortalitas.

Metode. Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada pasien dewasa yang

mengalami sepsis berat di ICU RSCM pada periode Oktober 2011 – November

2012 dan masih bertahan setelah > 72 jam diagnosis sepsis ditegakkan di ICU.

Tujuh faktor prognostik diidentifikasi saat diagnosis sepsis berat ditegakkan di

ICU. Prediktor independen diidentifikasi dengan analisis Cox’s proportional

hazard. Prediktor yang bermakna secara statistik dikuantifikasi dalam model

prediksi. Kalibrasi model dinilai dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow dan kemampuan

diskriminasi dinilai dari area under curve (AUC) dari receiver operating curve.

Hasil. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 220 pasien. Mortalitas 28 hari sepsis berat

fase lanjut adalah 40%. Faktor prognostik yang bermakna adalah alasan masuk

ICU (medis (HR 2,75; IK95%:1,56-4,84), pembedahan emergensi (HR 1,96;

IK95%:0,99 – 3,90), indeks komorbiditas Charlson > 2 (HR 2,07; IK95%:1,32-

3,23), dan skor MSOFA > 4 (HR 2,84; IK95%:1,54-5,24). Model prediksi

memiliki kemampuan diskriminasi yang baik (AUC 0,844) dan kalibrasi yang

baik (uji Hosmer-Lemeshow p 0,674). Berdasarkan model tersebut risiko

mortalitas dapat dibagi menjadi rendah (skor 0, mortalitas 5,4%), sedang (skor 1 –

2,5, mortalitas 20,6%), dan tinggi (skor > 2,5, mortalitas 73,6%).

Simpulan. Alasan masuk medis dan pembedahan emergensi, indeks komorbiditas

Charlson > 2, dan skor MSOFA > 4 merupakan faktor prognostik mortalitas

sepsis berat fase lanjut di ICU RSCM. Sebuah model telah dikembangkan untuk

memprediksi dan mengklasifikasikan risiko mortalitas.

ABSTRACT

Background. Immune system derrangement occurs during the course of sepsis,

characterized by hyperinflamation in early phase and hypoinflamation and

immunosupression in late phase. The number of patient die during late phase is

larger than early phase. Until now, there is no study specifically addressing

prognostic factors of mortality from late sepsis and developing a mortality

prediction model.

Aim. To determine prognostic factors of mortality from late phase of severe

sepsis in ICU and to develop scoring system to predict mortality.

Method. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify prognostic

factors associated with mortality. Adult patients admitted to ICU during

November 2011 until October 2012 who developed severe sepsis and still alive

for minimum 72 hours were included in this study. Seven predefined prognostic

factors were indentified at the onset of severe sepsis in ICU. Cox’s proportional

hazard ratio was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Each

independent factors was quantified to develop a prediction model. Calibration of

the model was tested by Hosmer-Lemeshow, and its discrimination ability was

calculated from area under receiver operating curve.

Result. Subjects consist of 220 patients. Twenty eight-day mortality was 40%.

Significant prognostic factors indentified were admission source (medical (HR

2.75; CI95%: 1.56 – 4.84), emergency surgery (HR 1.96; CI95%:0.99 – 3.90),

Charlson comorbidity index > 2(HR 2.07; CI95%:1.32 – 3.23), and MSOFA score

> 4 (HR 2.84; CI95% : 1.54 – 5.24). Prediction model developed has good

discrimination ability (AUC 0.844) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test

p 0.674). Based on the model mortality risk can be classified as low (score 0,

mortality 5.4%), moderate (score 1 – 2.5, mortality 20.6%), and high (score > 2.5,

mortality 73.6%).

Conclusion. Medical and emergency surgery admission, Charlson comorbidity

index > 2, and MSOFA score > 4 were prognostic factors of mortality from late

phase of severe sepsis in ICU at Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital. A

model has been developed to predict and classify mortality risk."

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014

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Beti Kristinawati

Pengalaman perawat dalam menerapkan perilaku caring pada pasien infark miokard akut di unit perawatan intensif = Nurse experience in applying caring behavior for patients with IMA at intensive care unit

"[ABSTRAK

Infark Miokard Akut dan lingkungan perawatan mempengaruhi kondisi fisik, psikologis dan sosial pasien. Penerapan perilaku caring dapat meningkatkan perubahan positif serta membangun kepercayaan dan kepuasan pasien beserta keluarganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran pengalaman perawat dalam menerapkan perilaku caring pada pasien IMA di Unit Perawatan Intensif. Desain kualitatif fenomenologi dipilih untuk mendapatkan informasi yang mendalam dengan wawancara pada dua belas perawat yang ditentukan melalui teknik purposive. Content analisis Collaizi menghasilkan delapan tema yang terpola dalam fenomena spirit of caring, penerapan caring dan hambatan caring. Diharapkan adanya program untuk meningkatkan penerapan perilaku caring untuk menangani pasien dalam kondisi akut dan kritis;

ABSTRACT

Acute Myocardial Infarction and the environment care affects physical conditions,

psychologis and social of the patient. The implementation of caring behavior can

increase positive changes and to build trust, satisfaction of patients with their

families too. The aims of this study was to explore the nurse?s experience in

applying caring behavior for patients with IMA at Intensive Care Unit. A

phenomenological qualitative design was chosen to obtain in-depth information

with interviews were conducted on twelve nurses were determined through

purposive technique. The content analysis Collaizi produced eight themes is

patterned in the phenomenon of spirit of caring, implementation of caring and

barriers caring implementation. Therefore expected the program to improve the

implementation caring behavior to treat with patients in acute and critical

conditions;Acute Myocardial Infarction and the environment care affects physical conditions,