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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Airway remodelling pada asma juga melibatkan saluran napasperifer dan diduga dapat mempengaruhi alveoli hingga menyebabkan kelainan diparenkim paru Penelitian ini mencoba menemukan kelainan parenkim paru padapasien asma melalui pemeriksaan kapasitas difusi dengan DLCO metode napastunggal.Metode :.Penelitian potong lintang dengan membagi asma berdasarkan derajatkeparahannya dalam dua kelompok besar yaitu asma ringan (intermiten dan persistenringan) dan berat (persisten sedang dan berat). Terdapat 60 subjek yang diambilsecara konsekutif dari pasien asma stabil tanpa komorbid dan berobat di Poli Asma-PPOK RSUP Persahabatan dari Bulan Desember 2015-Mei 2016.Hasil : Nilai rerata DLCO/prediksi pada kelompok asma ringan yaitu 92,74±15,70%dan menurun pada kelompok asma berat yaitu 78,41±14,21%. Beberapa nilaispirometri menunjukkan hubungan positif bermakna dengan nilai DLCO/prediksiyaitu : KVP/prediksi, VEP1/prediksi dan FEF25-75%/prediksi dengan nilai p <0,05.Analisis korelasi menunjukkan KVP/prediksi secara nyata dapat mempengaruhikapasitas difusi pasien asma. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kelainan fungsiparu (p 0,004) dan derajat keparahan asma (p 0,000) dengan penurunan nilaiDLCO/prediksi (DLCO/prediksi ≤ 75%).Kesimpulan :.Derajat keparahan asma memiliki hubungan dengan kapasitas difusiparu, semakin berat derajat keparahannya maka semakin menurun kapasitas difusiparu. Penurunan kapasitas difusi menunjukkan bahwa kelainan pada asma tidakhanya terjadi di saluran napas tapi juga mungkin melibatkan parenkim paru.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Airway remodelling in asthma which is involved small airway isthought can affect until alveoli and cause abnormalities in the lung parenchyma Thisstudy tries to find lung parenchymal abnormalities in patients with asthma throughthe examination diffusion capacity with a single breath DLCO method .Methods : A cross-sectional study by dividing asthma based on the degree of severityinto two major groups, namely mild asthma ( intermittent and mild persistent ) andsevere ( persistent moderate and severe ). The amount of each group is 30 subjects ,which is taken consecutively from stable asthma patients without comorbid who isseeking treatment Persahabatan Hospital at December 2015 - May 2016Results : The average value of DLCO /predictions in mild asthma group is 92,74 ±15,70% and decreased in the severe asthma group is 77,45 ± 16,78%. Somespirometry values showed significant positive correlation with the value of DLCO/prediction , namely : KVP /prediction , VEP1 /prediction and FEF25-75 % / predictionwith p < 0.05 . Corellation analysis showed KVP / prediction could dramaticallyaffect the diffusion capacity of asthmatic patients . There is a significant relationshipbetween abnormalities in lung function ( p 0,004) and severity of asthma ( p 0.000 )with a corresponding decrease DLCO / prediction (DLCO / prediction ≤ 75 % )Conclusion : The severity of asthma has a relationship with the diffusion capacity ofthe lungs, increased severity will decrease the diffusion capacity in asthma patient.Decreasing diffusion capacity showed that abnormalities in asthma not only occur inthe respiratory tract but also in the lung parenchyma;"

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk mengukur kapasitasdifusi paru DLCO-SB ipada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta untukmengetahui prevalens penurunan nilai DLCO pada pasien PPOK.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional study) pada pasien PPOK yang berkunjung di Poliklinik Asma-PPOK RSUPPersahabatan Jakarta. Dilakukan uji spirometri dan DLCO pada pasien PPOKyang diambil secara konsekutif antara bulan Mei-Juli 2015. Komorbiditas jugadicatat.Hasil : Uji Spirometri and DLCO dilakukan pada 65 subjek didapatkan 7 subjek (10,8%) termasuk kedalam PPOK Grup A, 19 subjek (29,2%) PPOK Grup B, 21subjek (32,3%) PPOK grup C dan 18 subjek (27,7%) PPOK grup D. rerata usia64,15 (45-89) tahun;rerata VEP1% 46,05%, rerata nilai DLCO 19,42ml/menit/mmHg dan rerata DLCO % adalah 72.00%. prevalens penurunanDLCO pasien PPOK adalah 56,92% (37/65 subjek) sedangkan 28 subjek dengannilai DLCO normal. Ditemukan 15 subjek (23,07%) dengan penurunan ringan, 18subjek (27.69%) penurunan sedang dan 4 subjek (6,15%) dengan penurunan berat.Ditemukan 47 subjek (72,3%) memiliki komorbid. Terdapat hubungan bermaknaantara grup PPOK, derajat spirometri, VEP1, IMT dan komorbiditas dengan nilaihasil uji DLCO. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara nilai DLCO denganjenis kelamin, umur, riwayat merokok, Indeks Brinkmann, obstruksi-restriksi danlama terdiagnosis PPOK.Kesimpulan : Proporsi penurunan nilai DLCO pada pasien PPOK adalah 56,92%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara grup PPOK, derajat spirometri,VEP1, IMT dan riwayat TB dengan nilai hasil uji DLCO. Tidak terdapathubungan bermakna antara nilai DLCO dengan jenis kelamin, umur, riwayatmerokok, Indeks Brinkmann, obstruksi-restriksi, komorbid dan lama terdiagnosisPPOK.ABSTRACT Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measureDLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is toknow the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPDpatients.Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometryand DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbiditiesconditions were also recorded.Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPDsubjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV1% was46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung inCOPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. Therewere 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grupCOPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP1, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude ofdecreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPDperiod. Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLDCOPD grade, VEP1, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasingDLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smokinghistory, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and lengthof COPD period. ;Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measureDLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is toknow the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPDpatients.Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometryand DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbiditiesconditions were also recorded.Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPDsubjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV1% was46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung inCOPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. Therewere 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grupCOPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP1, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude ofdecreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPDperiod. Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLDCOPD grade, VEP1, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasingDLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smokinghistory, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and lengthof COPD period. ;Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measureDLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is toknow the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPDpatients.Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometryand DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbiditiesconditions were also recorded.Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPDsubjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV1% was46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung inCOPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. Therewere 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grupCOPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP1, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude ofdecreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPDperiod. Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLDCOPD grade, VEP1, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasingDLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smokinghistory, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and lengthof COPD period. "

"Latar belakang : Efek potensial EGFR-TKI terhadap fungsi paru belum diinvestigasi secara mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efek pemberian EGFR TKI terhadap fungsi paru terutama nilai DLCO.Metode : Penelitian berlangsung secara prospektif dari September 2018 hingga Juni 2019 di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan Jakarta. Terdapat 20 subjek adenokarsinoma paru dengan mutasi tunggal di exon 19/21 yang dapat menyelesaikan pemeriksaan DLCO baik sebelum mendapat EGFR TKI dan setelah tiga bulan terapi.Hasil : Penelitian ini mendapatkan peningkatan bermakna nilai rerata KVP prediksi dari 60,6% menjadi 68,25% (p=0,03), nilai rerata VEP1 Prediksi dari 59,7% menjadi 67,05% (p=0,036), nilai rerata DLCO dari 11,55 ml/menit/mmHg menjadi 13,72 ml/menit/mmHg (p=0,004) dan DLCO prediksi dari 53,4% menjadi 63,85% (p=0,03). Peningkatan nilai rerata DLCO prediksi paling besar pada kelompok dengan hasil RECIST partial response yaitu sebesar 16,43% (p=0,056).Kesimpulan : Terapi EGFR TKI selama tiga bulan pada subyek adenokarsinoma paru dengan mutasi tunggal exon19/21 dapat meningkatkan fungsi paru secara bermakna baik nilai KVP prediksi, VEP1 prediksi, DLCO, dan DLCO prediksi.

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Background : The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are drugs of choice in non-small cell lung cancer possessing EGFR mutation. Its effect on the lung function is not well understood. This study aims to assess lung function using the lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) test in lung cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. mingMethod :This prospective study included lung cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs at Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, between September 2018 andGrowt June 2019. The study recruited 20 lung adenocarcinoma patients presented with a single mutation at exon 19 or 21 as subjects in the process. Their DLCO was examined before and three months after receiving EGFR-TKI. Subjects were grouped according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) assessment.Results: There was an increase in predicted FVC from 60.60% to 68.25% (p=0.03), predicted FEV1 from 59.7% to 67.05% (p=0.036%), DLCO from 11.5 mL/minute/mmHg to 13.72 mL/minute/mmHg (p=0.004), and predicted DLCO from 53.4% to 63.85% (p=0.03) during the therapy. The largest increase of predicted DLCO was shown in RECIST group of partial response (16.43%, p=0.056) Conclusion: This study found an improvement in lung function (predicted FVC, predicted FEV1, DLCO, and predicted DLCO) among lung adenocarcinoma subjects exhibiting single mutation at exon 19 or 21 after three months of EGFR-TKIs treatment."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Gagal ginjal terminal dapat mempengaruhi seluruh sistem dalam tubuh, termasuk sistem respirasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kapasitas difusi paru terhadap karbon monoksida DLCO pada pasien hemodialisis kronik dan menghubungkannya dengan berbagai faktor demografis dan klinis serta spirometri. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada pasien hemodialisis kronik berusia ge;18 tahun, stabil dalam 4 minggu terakhir, tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit paru dan jantung sebelumnya. Spirometri dan pemeriksaan DLCO dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 24 jam setelah hemodialisis.Hasil: Terdapat 40 subjek yang sebagian besar adalah laki-laki 67,5 , median usia 51 tahun dan bukan perokok 55 . Rerata indeks massa tubuh IMT 22,6 3,9 kg/m2, Hb 9,5 1,3 g/dl, median dialysis adequacy 1,62 dan durasi hemodialisis 31,5 bulan. Penyebab terbanyak gagal ginjal terminal adalah hipertensi 62,5 . Sesak napas dialami oleh 20 subjek. Prevalens penurunan DLCO adalah 52,5 dengan derajat ringan-sedang. Sebanyak 47,5 subjek mengalami restriksi dan 5 mengalami obstruksi pada pemeriksaan spirometri. Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat merokok dan penurunan DLCO dengan odds ratio 4,52 95 IK 1,04 ndash; 19,6 serta antara gangguan restriksi dan penurunan DLCO dengan odds ratio 5,58 95 IK 1,29 ndash; 23,8 . Diperkirakan terdapat gangguan parenkim paru yang menyebabkan restriksi dan menghambat difusi.Kesimpulan: Penurunan kapasitas difusi paru pada pasien hemodialisis kronik cukup sering terjadi meskipun tidak selalu disertai keluhan sesak napas. Faktor risiko penurunan DLCO adalah riwayat merokok dan gangguan restriksi pada spirometri.Kata Kunci: DLCO, hemodialisis, kapasitas difusi paru

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ABSTRACTBackground End stage renal disease affects all systems in human including respiratory system. This study aimed to discover the lung diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide DLCO in chronic hemodialysis patients and to discover its relation to several demographic and clinical factors, as well as spirometry parameters.Method This was a cross sectional study among chronic hemodialysis patients aged ge 18 years old, clinically stable in the last 4 weeks without prior history of lung and cardiac disorder. Spirometry and DLCO examination were performed in the span of 24 hours after hemodialysis.Results There were 40 subjects analyzed. Majority of them were male 67.5 , median age 51 years old and non smoker 55 . Mean Body Mass Index BMI 22.6 3.9 kg m2, Hb 9.5 1.3 g dl, median dialysis adequacy 1.62 and hemodialysis duration of 31.5 months. Hypertension was the most common underlying disease. Some 20 of subject had varying degrees of dyspnea. Prevalence of DLCO reduction was 52.5 with mild to moderate degree. Restrictive spirometry pattern was evident in 47.5 and obstructive pattern in 5 of subjects. There was a significant relation between DLCO reduction with smoking history OR 4.52 95 CI 1.04 ndash 19,6 , also with restrictive disorder OR 5.5 95 CI 1.29 ndash 23.8 . Reduction of DLCO in restrictive subjects was related to the diminished alveolar volume VA . This VA reduction was not compensated by the increase of KCO, therefore we suspect a lung parenchymal disorder that inhibit diffusion. There was no correlation between DLCO reduction with gender, age, BMI, dialysis adequacy, hemodialysis duration, underlying disease and MMRC score. Conclusion Reduction of lung diffusion capacity in chronic dialysis patients is common although not accompanied with dyspnea. Risk factors for DLCO reduction are smoking history and restrictive disorder in spirometry. "

"Latar Belakang. Mikroangiopati diabetik DM seperti nefropati, retinopati, dan neuropati merupakan komplikasi umum diabetes melitus tipe 2 T2DM . Paru merupakan salah satu organ target dari komplikasi mikrovaskular dan penurunan kapasitas difusi paru pada mikroangiopati DM masih sedikit diketahui.Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat potong lintang pada subjek T2DM yang menjalani pemeriksaan kapasitas difusi paru terhadap karbon monoksida DLCO, albumin urin, funduskopi dan elektromiografi EMG di poliklinik rawat jalan DM terpadu. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu penyakit paru akut atau kronis.Hasil. Sebanyak 52 subjek L/P:20/32 usia 58 10,4 tahun sebagian besar menunjukkan HbA1c>6,5 41/52 78 , tidak pernah merokok 41/52 78,8 . rerata terdiagnosis DM 10,5 6,9 tahun, sebanyak 33 63,5 le;10 tahun dan 19 36,5 subjek >10 tahun. Subjek dengan neuropati lebih banyak ditemukan yaitu sebesar 41/52 26,3 diikuti nefropati 29/52 18,6 dan retinopati 9/52 5,8 dengan rerata DLCO sebesar 16,01 4,12 ml/menit/mmHg . Penurunan kapasitas difusi pada Mikroangiopati DM ditemukan sebanyak 14/52 25 subjek, didapatkan nilai p pada nefropati sebesar p=0,27, retinopati p=0,36 dan neuropati p=0,49.Kesimpulan. Gangguan kapasitas difusi paru pada mikroangiopati DM mengalami penurunan namun tidak mempunyai hubungan yang yang bermkana, hal ini menunjukkan gangguan faal difusi paru pada mikroangiopati DM.

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Background. Diabetic microangiopathy such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy is a common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM . The lung is one of the target organs in the development of vascular complications in diabetic patients and little is known about the impairment of pulmonary diffusing capacity due to the diabetic microangiopathy.Method. The subjects were T2DM patients underwent carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity DLCO test, urine test, funduscopy and electromyography EMG examination with consecutively from diabetic outpatient clinic. The exclusion criterias were acute or chronic pulmonary diseases. Results. A total of 52 subjects m/f: 20/32 ages 58 10.4 years mostly showed HbA1c> 6.5 41/52 78 , never smoked 41/52 78.8 . diagnosed DM rates of 10.5 6.9 years, 33 63.5 le;10 years and 19 36.5 subjects> 10 years. Subjects with more neuropathy were 41/52 26.3 followed by nephropathy 29/52 18.6 and retinopathy 9/52 5.8 with DLCO average of 16.01 4.12 ml / min / mmHg . The decrease in diffusion capacity in Microangiopathy DM was found in 14/52 25 subjects, obtained p value on nephropathy of p=0.27, retinopathy p=0.36 and neuropathy p=0.49 respectively.Conclusion. This study demonstrated that diffusion capacity is impairment in diabetic microangiopathy patients. Pulmonary diffusion capacity has no association with diabetic microangiopathy but there is a decreased pulmonary diffusion physiology."

"Pendahuluan: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) sangat efektif terhadap KankerParu jenis Karsinoma Bukan Sel Kecil (KPKBSK) dengan mutasi EpidermalGrowth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Gefitinib dan Erlotinib adalah generasi pertamaEGFR-TKI untuk pengobatan KPKBSK dengan mutasi EGFR. Obat-obat ini telahtersedia melalui asuransi kesehatan di Indonesia untuk pasien Adenokarsinomaparu dengan mutasi EGFR. Data mengenai efikasi dan toksisitas EGFR-TKI saatini belum tersedia di Indonesia.Metode: Kami melakukan analisis observasional kohort retrospektif pada pasienAdenokarsinoma paru dengan mutasi EGFR di RSUP Persahabatan, JakartaIndonesia dari Januari 2015 sampai dengan Desember 2017. Kami meninjaurekam medis 331 pasien dengan diagnosis Adenokarsinoma paru dengan mutasiEGFR stage lanjut yang diobati dengan EGFR-TKI generasi pertama. Sebanyak192 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Hasil: Subjek yang mendapatkan Gefitinib (n=132) dan Erlotinib (n=60). Medianprogression free survival (PFS) sebanding antara Gefitinib dan Erlotinib (9,0 dan7,0 bulan, interval kepercayaan 95% [IK] 0,57-1,07, p=0,126). Median Overallsurvival (OS) dan angka tahan hidup 1 tahun masing-masing kelompok adalah44,5 vs 39,5 bulan (95% IK 0,35-1,29, p=0,670) dan 92% berbanding 92%(p=0,228). Terdapat toksisitas termasuk diare, paronikia, skin rash dan stomatitisyang diamati tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada toksisitas derajat 3atau 4 antara kedua kelompok (p=0,713).Kesimpulan: Kedua EGFR-TKIs generasi pertama sebanding dalam PFS dan OS,meskipun Gefitinib terlihat lebih tinggi, tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna dankeduanya memiliki toksisitas yang sebanding dan dapat ditoleransi.

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Introductions: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective against non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)mutation. Gefitinib and erlotinib are the first-generation EGFR-TKIsrecommended as first-line treatments for NSCLC with EGFR mutations and areavailable through Universal Health Coverage in Indonesia for lungadenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations. However, the efficacy and safetydata of EGFR-TKIs are unavailable in Indonesia.Methods: We did a retrospective cohort analysis of the patients of lungadenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations treated in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta,Indonesia, between January 2015 and December 2017. We reviewed the recordsof 331 patients with advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutationtreated with the first-generation EGFR-TKIs. The subjects were 192 patients whomet the inclusion criteria.Results: Subjects were receiving gefitinib (n=132) and erlotinib (n=60). Medianprogression-free survival (PFS) was comparable between gefitinib and erlotinib(9.0 vs 7.0 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-1.07, p=0.126). Themedian overall survival (OS) and 1-year survival were 44.5 vs 39.5 months(95%CI 0.35-1.29, p=0.228; and 92% vs 92%, p=0.228, respectively). Reportedtoxicities were diarrhea, paronychia, rash, and stomatitis but not of significantdifference between grade 3 or 4 toxicities (p=0.713).Conclusions: The PFS and OS of the first-generation EGFR-TKIs werecomparable, although gefitinib PFS and OS was shown to be better, but withoutsignificance. Both gefitinib and erlotinib had comparable and tolerable adverseeffects"

"Latar Belakang : Kanker paru merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memiliki beban terbesar di dunia. Pajanan zat karsinogen merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kanker paru, baik pada rokok maupun di lingkungan, Zat karsinogenik di tempat kerja yang dapat menyebabkan kanker paru adalah silika, asbes dan radon. Silika merupakan salah satu zat karsinogenik dalam IARC kelompok 1. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar silika kurasan bronkoalveolar pada pasien kanker paru, serta riwayat pajanannya.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional pada pasien tumor paru yang akan dilakukan tindakan diagnostik baik dari instalasi rawat jalan maupun rawat inap di RS Persahabaran. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dalam kurun waktu April 2019 sampai dengan Juni 2019.Hasil : Pada penelitian ini yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebesar 42 pasien kanker paru yang tegak jenis. Prevalens kanker paru dengan riwayat pajanan silika sebanyak 71.4%, status pajanan terbanyak dari pekerjaan sebanyak 38.1%. Kadar silika kurasan bronkoalveolar terbanyak adalah positif sebanyak 54,8% dengan rata-rata tertinggi dari pajanan pekerjaan dan rokok (2.85±2.9). Hasil ini bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai p<0,05. Jenis keganasan terbanyak dengan kadar silika positif adalah adenokarsinoma sebanyak 44%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status pajanan dengan kadar silika (p 0.001), jenis pekerjaan dengan kadar silika (p 0.000), masa kerja dengan kadar silika (p 0.014), lama kerja dengan kadar silika (p 0.031), penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dengan kadar silika (p 0.005)Kesimpulan : Didapatkan kadar silika yang positif pada pasien kanker paru dengan riwayat pajanan silika dari pekerjaan dan rokok, terdapat hubungan antara status pajanan, jenis pekerjaan, masa kerja, lama kerja dan riwayat penggunaan APD dengan kadar silika kurasan bronkoalveolar pada pasien kanker paru.

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Background: Lung cancer is one leading cause of death in the world. Carcinogenic exposure is one of the risk factors for lung cancer, both in cigarettes and environment. Carcinogenic substances at work that can cause lung cancer are silica, asbestos and radon. Silica is one of the carcinogenic substances in IARC group 1. The purpose of this study was to determine the silica levels of bronchoalveolar lavage lung cancer patients and their exposure history of silica.

Method: This is cross sectional study based on prodiagnostic lung tumor patients measures both from outpatient and inpatient installations at Persahabatan Hospital. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling in the period April 2019 until June 2019.

Results: Sample of this study match with inclusion criteria are 42 patients with confirmed lung cancer. The prevalence of lung cancer with history of silica exposure was 71.4%, the most from occupational exposure was 38.1%. The highest amount of bronchoalveolar lavage silica was positive as much as 54.8% with the highest average of occupational and cigarette exposure (2.85 ± 2.9). This result is statistically significant with p value <0.05. The most common type of malignancy with positive silica levels was adenocarcinoma 44%. There is significant relationship between exposure status with silica levels (p 0.001), types of occupation with silica levels (p 0.000), years of service with silica levels (p 0.014), length of work with silica levels (p 0.031), use of Personal Protective Equipment with silica levels (p 0.005)

Conclusion: Positive silica levels from bronchoalveolar lavage in lung cancer patients with exposure silica history was found, the most from occupational and cigarettes exposure, there is relationship between exposure status, occupational type, length of service, length of work and history of using personal protective equipment with bronchoalveolar lavage silica levels in lung cancer patients."

"Latar Belakang: Bronkoskopi adalah prosedur yang umum digunakan sebagai tindakan membantu penegakkan diagnosis kasus tumor paru. Hipoksemia disebut sebagai salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada bronkoskopi diagnostik oleh karena itu diperlukan data untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh dan dampak klinis yang ditimbulkan.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada pasien tumor paru yang menjalani bronkoskopi diagnostik dan dilakukan selamaJanuari-April 2019 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Respirasi Nasional (RSUPRRN) Persahabatan Jakarta. Total 195 pasien diikutsertakan dan dilakukan pengamatan terhadap nilai saturasi oksigen pada tahap premedikasi, durante, pascatindakan. Hipoksemia adalah subjek dengan saturasi oksigen<90% dan diamati berbagai faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh dan dampak klinis yang terjadi.Hasil:Jumlah kejadian hipoksemia pada bronkoskopi diagnostik sebanyak 40 kasus (20,5%). Waktu kejadian hipoksemia paling banyak pada tahap durante tindakan (20%) dengan median lama hipoksemia berlangsung 15 detik. Proporsi waktu muncul hipoksemia terjadi paling banyak pada 10 menit pertama tindakan (11,3%). Faktor demografi yang bermakna terhadap kejadian hipoksemia adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,04) dan riwayat merokok (p=0,005). Faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh dan memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian hipoksemia antara lain lama waktu tindakan dan timbulnya komplikasi (p<0,05). Total 5 pasien dirawat pascatindakan di ruang intensif dan tidak ada kasus kematian yang dilaporkan. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini mendapatkan jenis kelamin, riwayat merokok, lama waktu tindakan dan timbulnya komplikasi menjadi faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipoksemia pada tindakan bronkoskopi diagnostik kasus tumor paru. Hipoksemia yang muncul pada bronkoskopi diagnostik kasus tumor paru tidak menimbulkan dampak klinis yang fatal seperti kematian pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Bronchoscopy is a commonly medical procedure perfomed for diagnose lung tumor cases. Hypoxemia often appear as complication related diagnostic bronchoscopy. Therefore, there is a need of research data to knowing related factors and clinical consequences may occur ahead.

Methods:Design of this study is cross sectional with suspicion lung malignancy population who undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy from January until april 2019 at National Respiratory Center Persahabatan General Hospital Jakarta. Total 195 consecutive patients participated dan observed for oxygen saturation in premedication, during and post-bronchoscopy. Hypoxemia was defined as an desaturation <90% and reviewed several related factor and clinical consequences may appear

Results:Total hypoxemia events on diagnostic bronchoscopy was 40 cases (20,5%). The most frequent occurrence hypoxemia time is during bronchoscopy (20%) with median duration of hypoxemia is 15 seconds. The proportion of time appears hypoxemia is commonly in first 10 minutes bronchoscopy (11,3%). Demographic factors like gender and smoking history are statistically significant with hypoxemia events (p=0,04 & p=0,005). Other factors may have relation dan statiscally significant are duration of procedure and procedure with complication (p<0,05). Total 5 cases observed in intensive care unit after procedure and no death event have reported in this study

Conclusion:This study suggested gender, smoking history, duration of procedure and procedure with complication were related factors with hypoxemic events in lung tumor cases undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Hypoxemia related diagnostic bronchoscopy in this study was not rise into fatal event. "

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Diagnosis cepat efusi pleura eksudatif harus mampu mengesampingkan TB sebagai agen penyebab. Cancer ratio, rasio antara serum laktat dehidrogenase (LDH) dan cairan pleura adenosin deaminase (ADA), >20 diprediksi untuk efusi pleura ganas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati nilai diagnostik dan untuk menetapkan titik potong diagnostik cancer ratio untuk EPG di negara dengan beban TB yang tinggi seperti di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian prospektif potong lintang ini melibatkan 65 subjek dari pasien dengan efusi pleura eksudatif yang diduga keganasan yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan Jakarta, Indonesia.Hasil: Cancer ratio> 20 memiliki sensitivitas 61,82%, spesifisitas 80%, nilai duga positif (NDP) 94,44% dan nilai duga negatif (NDN) 27,59%. Nilai titik potong cancer ratio >26 menunjukkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas masing-masing 0,43 (IK 95% 0,31-0,55) dan 0,9 (IK 95% 0,82-0,97). Luas AUC 0,76 menunjukkan akurasi yang baik. Rasio kemungkinan positif adalah 4,36 (IK 95% 3,43-5,29) sedangkan rasio kemungkinan negatif pada titik potongini adalah 0,22 (IK 95% 0,13-0,33). Nilai duga positif adalah 0,96 (IK 95% 0,91-1) sedangkan nilai duga negatif pada titik potong ini adalah 0,22 (IK 95% 0,12-0,32).Kesimpulan: Nilai titik potong cancer ratio >26 sangat prediktif untuk keganasan pada pasien dengan efusi pleura eksudatif di negara dengan beban TB tinggi berdasarkan nilai spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan rasio kemungkinan positif yang tinggi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Rapid diagnostics of exudative pleural effusion should able to rule-out tuberculosis (TB) as the causative agent. Cancer ratio, a ratio between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA), of >20 were predictive for malignant pleural effusion. This study was aimed to observe the diagnostic values and to set the cut-off diagnostic level of cancer ratio for MPE in a country with a high burden of TB such in Indonesia.Method: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 65 subjects from the patients with exudative pleural effusion suspected of malignancy treated at Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta, IndonesiaResult: The cancer ratio at >20 possessed a sensitivity of 61.82%, a specificity of 80%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.44%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 27.59%. The cancer ration set at >26 cut-offs showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.43 (95%CI 0.31-0.55) and 0.9 (95%CI 0.82-0.97), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 suggested good accuracy. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 4.36 (95%CI 3.43-5.29), while the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) at this cut-off was 0.22 (95 % CI 0.13-0.33). The PPV was0.96 (95% CI 0.91-1), while the NPV at this cut-off was 0.22 (95% CI 0.12-0.32).Conclusion: The cancer ratio set at >26 cut-offs was highly predictive for malignancy in patients with exudative pleural effusion at high TB burden country based on its high specificity, PLR, and PPV."

"Latar Belakang: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) adalah patogen jamur oportunistik yang dapat terdeteksi di saluran napas bawah. Kolonisasi P. jirovecii dapat berkembang menjadi infeksi yang disebut sebagai pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Infeksi PCP umumnya terdeteksi di pasien HIV. Pasien tanpa HIV juga dapat mengalami infeksi PCP terutama pada pasien keganasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi kolonisasi P. Jirovecii pada sampel bilasan bronkus dengan pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan deskriptif analitik yang pada pasien terduga kanker paru di RSUP Persahabatan. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien terduga kanker paru yang akan menjalani bronkoskopi sesuai kriteria inklusi. Sampel bilasan bronkus dikirim ke Laboratorium Departemen Parasitologi FKUI untuk ekstraksi DNA dan laboratorium BRIN untuk pemeriksaan PCR konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan gen MtLSU dan mTSSU. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini terdapat 72 subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 51 laki-laki (70,8%). Rerata usia subjek penelitian adalah 56,6 (9,95) tahun. Subjek penelitian sebagian besar memiliki IMT normal (18,5-22,9 kg/m2). Subjek penelitian sebagian besar adalah perokok baik perokok aktif atau bekas perokok yaitu sebanyak 50 orang (69,4%). Sebanyak 23 orang (31,9%) diantaranya memiliki IB berat (IB >600 batang per tahun). Subjek penelitian yang memiliki riwayat pengobatan TB, baik terkonfirmasi bakteriologis maupun diagnosis klinis, sebanyak 23 orang (31,9%). Sebanyak 26 orang (36,1%) memiliki 1 komorbid sedangkan 10 orang (13,9%) memiliki lebih dari 1 komorbid. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi atau sitologi bilasan bronkus, dari 72 subjek penelitian terdapat 50 orang (69,4%) terdiagnosis kanker paru, 15 orang (20,9%) bukan kanker paru, dan 7 orang (9,7%) belum diketahui diagnosisnya. Dari 72 sampel yang diperiksa, tidak ada yang menunjukan hasil PCR positif (0%). Kesimpulan: Proporsi P. Jirovecii yang terdeteksi melalui pemeriksaan PCR pada sampel bilasan bronkus pasien terduga kanker paru sebesar 0%. Pemeriksaan PCR untuk mendeteksi P. Jirovecii tidak disarankan untuk pasien kanker yang baru terdiagnosis dan belum dilakukan pengobatan.

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Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can be detected in the human lower respiratory tract without signs or symptoms of acute pneumonia or colonization. P. jirovecii colonization can develop into an infection known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). PCP infection is commonly detected in HIV patients. However, patients without HIV can also experience PCP infection, especially in malignant patients. This study aims to detect P. Jirovecii colonization in bronchial lavage samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with descriptive analytics on patients suspected of lung cancer at Persahabatan Hospital. The research subjects were patients with suspected lung cancer who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data on clinical, radiological, laboratory and histopathological characteristics were taken from medical records. The patient will have a bronchial lavage sample taken during bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. The samples will be examined at the Parasitology Department Laboratory Universitas Indonesia for DNA extraction and the BRIN laboratory for PCR examination. Results: In this study there were 72 research subjects. The research subjects consisted of 51 men (70.8%). The mean age of the research subjects was 56.6 (9.95) years. Most of the research subjects had normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/m2). Most of the research subjects were smokers, either active smokers or former smokers, namely 50 people (69.4%). A total of 23 people (31.9%) had severe IB (IB >600 cigarettes per year). There were 23 research subjects who had a history of TB treatment, whether confirmed bacteriologically or clinically diagnosed, as many as 23 people (31.9%). A total of 26 people (36.1%) had 1 comorbid while 10 people (13.9%) had more than 1 comorbid. Based on histopathological or cytological examination of bronchial lavage, of the 72 research subjects, 50 people (69.4%) were diagnosed with lung cancer, 15 people (20.9%) had no lung cancer, and 7 people (9.7%) had no known diagnosis. Of the 72 samples examined, none showed positive PCR results (0%). Conclusion: The proportion of P. Jirovecii detected by conventional PCR examination in bronchial lavage samples from patients suspected of lung cancer was 0%. PCR examination to detect P. Jirovecii is not recommended for cancer patients who have just been diagnosed and have not received treatment."