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ABSTRAKWorld Trade Organization (WTO) sebagai suatu badan perdagangan dibentuk
berdasarkan ide liberalisasi perdagangan internasional untuk meningkatkan
perdagangan dunia, dengan perdagangan dunia yang meningkat diharapkan
kemakmuran umat manusia akan meningkat. WTO secara umum terbagi atas tiga
perjanjian, yaitu the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), dan Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). Dalam GATS, WTO mengatur tentang
perdagangan jasa-jasa, salah satunya yaitu financial services atau jasa keuangan
yang di dalamnya mengatur tentang jasa perbankan. Indonesia sebagai negara
yang telah meratifikasi WTO dengan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No 7
tahun 1994 Tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing the World Trade
Organization, bertanggung jawab untuk mengimplementasikan perjanjianperjanjian
dalam WTO, termasuk tentang jasa perbankan yang diatur dalam
GATS ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tentang perbankan Indonesia.
Dalam dunia perbankan, sistem perbankan terbagi dua, yaitu sistem konvensional
dan syariah, sistem perbankan syariah dewasa ini berkembang sangat pesat, dan
telah menjadi salah satu pilihan transaki perbankan. GATS mengatur tentang
pembukaan bank di negara-negara anggotanya dengan prinsip-prinsip nondiskriminasi
dan harus seliberal mungkin, namun GATS juga memberikan
kemungkinan negara untuk membuat Schedule of Specific Commitments (SoC)
untuk menunjukkan bagaimana setiap negara anggota menerapkan kewajiban
akses pasar dan perlakuan nasionalnya. Indonesia dalam SoC nya, mengatakan
pembukaan bank asing syariah wajib dalam bentuk joint venture dengan lokal,
dengan memungkinkan asing memiliki maksimum 99% dari modal disetor bank.
Di Indonesia terdapat dua bank asing syariah yang telah beroperasi, yaitu
Maybank Syariah dan Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Dalam pembukaan bank asing
syariah, Indonesia telah menerapkan prinsip Most-Favoured Nation dengan baik,
hanya prinsip resiprositas yang belum terlaksana dengan baik. Kedepannya,
Indonesia wajib mengatur ulang kebijakannya di dalam negeri dan mengadakan
negosiasi dengan negara lain agar bank nasional Indonesia dapat membuka
cabangnya di luar negeri
ABSTRACTWorld Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization which was founded in the
spirit of international trade liberalization with a view to improve the world trade,
which consequently would improve the prosperity of mankind. Generally, WTO is
based on three agreements; the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),
the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and the Trade-Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). In GATS, WTO regulates the
trade of services; the financial services being one of them. It, furthermore,
manages Indonesian banking services As a country that has ratified WTO, as
stated in Law No 7 year 1994 of Republic of Indonesia on the ratification of
Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Indonesia is responsible in
implementing the agreements stated in WTO; which includes the banking services
that is stated in GATS, into the banking law of Indonesia. The banking system is
fundamentally divided into two; the conventional banking and the Islamic banking
system which has rapidly developed and has successfully become a choice for
people?s banking transactions. GATS regulates the establishment of banks in its
member countries based on the non-discriminating and liberal principles. GATS,
however, offers possibilities for its member countries to form a Schedule of
Specific Commitments (SoC) as a mean to show their market access liability and
their national banking acts. In its SoC, Indonesia states that any foreign Islamic
banks must form a joint venture with local banks, with maximum capital of 99%.
At the moment, there are two operating islamic banks in Indonesia; Maybank
Syariah and Bank Muamalat Indonesia. In the establishment of islamic banks,
Indonesia has applied Most-Favoured nation principle. However, the principle of
reciprocity has yet to be applied effectively. In the near future, it is hoped that
Indonesia could reconsider its national regulation, and hold negotiations with other
countries, so as Indonesia?s own banks would be able to open their branches"
