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"Diperkirakan diseluruh dunia sebanyak 21,3% atau 144 juta anak bawah lima tahun (balita) hidup dalam keadaan stunted. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 menemukan sebanyak 28% anak balita di Provinsi Bengkulu mengalami stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan di Provinsi Bengkulu pada tahun 2018. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder dari Riskesdas tahun 2018. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini menemukan prevalensi kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan di Provinsi Bengkulu adalah sebesar 25,3%. Pekerjaan ibu (PR: 2,26; 95% CI: 1,39-3,68), tinggi badan ibu (PR: 1,78; 95% CI: 1,27-2,51), umur anak (PR: 1,83 95% CI: 1,09-3,08), dan tempat tinggal (PR: 2,26; 95% CI:1,46-3,5) ditemukan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Tempat tinggal ditemukan menjadi confounder dalam hubungan antara panjang badan lahir dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Meningkatkan awareness masyarakat luas terhadap isu stunting, kerjasama lintas sektor dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganan stunting, serta pelaksanaan pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) dengan memberikan perhatian lebih pada kelompok-kelompok berisiko dapat mencegah dan menanggulangi stunting pada anak balita.

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It is estimated that around the world as many as 21.3% or 144 million children under five years (toddlers) live in stunted condition. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) found that 28% of children under five in Bengkulu Province were stunted. This study aims to determine the factors associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months in Bengkulu Province in 2018. The data in this study are secondary data from Riskesdas 2018. This cross-sectional study found the prevalence of stunting in children aged 12-59 months in Bengkulu Province is 25.3%. Mother's occupation (PR: 2,26; 95% CI: 1,39-3,68), mother's height (PR: 1,78; 95% CI: 1,27-2,51), child’s age (PR: 1,83; 95% CI: 1,09-3,08) and place of residence (PR: 2,26; 95% CI:1,46-3,5) was found to be significantly associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months in Bengkulu Province. Place of residence was found to be a confounder in the relationship between birth length and stunting in children aged 12-59 months in Bengkulu Province. Increasing public awareness of stunting, multisectoral cooperation in preventing and handling stunting, as well as Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services implementation by paying more attention to risk groups can prevent and overcome stunting in children under five."

"Stunting merupakan suatu keadaan pendek badan (kerdil) yang terjadi pada anak jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok umur. Anak mengalami stunting jika tinggi badan yang dimiliki minus dua (pendek) atau minus tiga (sangat pendek) dari standar deviasi yang ditentukan WHO. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, diketahui bahwa stunting tidak hanya terjadi semata karena hanya faktor kesehatan, namun lebih dari itu, stunting terjadi karena berbagai penyebab yang saling berkaitan yang berasal dari berbagai sektor multidimensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh DAK bidang kesehatan terhadap penurunan stunting di Indonesia dengan membangun model stunting berdasarkan pendekatan literature yang dilakukan. Jika dapat dibuktikan bahwa DAK bidang kesehatan berpengaruh terhadap banyaknya ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi TTD, dan banyaknya ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi TTD berpengaruh menurunkan stunting, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa DAK bidang kesehatan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan stunting di Indonesia. Model recursive digunakan untuk menguji model tersebut. Estimasi modelnya mengunakan metode Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DAK bidang kesehatan tidak berdampak terhadap peningkatan banyaknya ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi TTD. Sementara, banyaknya ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi TTD berdampak terhadap penurunan stunting secara signifikan. Dengan demikian, DAK bidang Kesehatan tidak berdampak terhadap penurunan kasus stunting di Indonesia. Lebih lanjut, beberapa variabel kontrol seperti ibu melahirkan di bidan, ibu berpendidikan SD, ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif, dan rumah tangga yang mengonsumsi air minum yang terlindungi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kenaikan/penurunan stunting. Adapun keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (i) Faktor-faktor penyebab stunting dari aspek immediate Causes dan underlying causes seperti bayi lahir premature, berat badan lahir rendah, penyakit infeksi, durasi ASI, usia ibu, interval kehamilan, vaksinisasi bayi dan aspek layanan kesehatan tidak dikaji sepenuhnya karena keterbatasan data dan fokus studi utamanya pada aspek sosioekonomi. (ii) Faktor-faktor yang dapat mengintervensi stunting dari sisi lain kebijakan DAK bidang Kesehatan belum sepenuhnya diteliti seperti aspek JAMPERSAL, perbaikan infrastruktur puskesmas dan posyandu, dan (iii) Data-data yang mewakili variabel seperti pendapatan masih sangat makro dan tidak mengestimasi pendapatan individu secara menyeluruh.

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Stunting is a condition of stunting that occurs in children when compared to the age group. Children are stunted if their height is minus two (short) or minus three (very short) from the standard deviation determined by WHO. Based on previous research, it is known that stunting does not only occur due to health factors, but more than that, stunting occurs due to various interrelated causes from various multidimensional sectors. This study aims to examine the effect of DAK in the health sector on stunting reduction in Indonesia by building a stunting model based on the literature approach taken. If it can be proven that DAK in the health sector affects the number of pregnant women who consume iron tablets, and the number of pregnant women who consume iron tablets has an effect on reducing stunting, it can be concluded that DAK in the health sector has an effect on reducing stunting in Indonesia. The recursive model is used to test the model. Estimation of the model using the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The results showed that DAK in the health sector had no impact on the increase in the number of pregnant women who consumed iron tablets. Meanwhile, the number of pregnant women who consumed iron tablets had a significant impact on reducing stunting. Thus, DAK in the Health sector has no impact on reducing stunting cases in Indonesia. Furthermore, several control variables, such as mothers birth at midwives, mothers with low educated, mothers who do not exclusively breastfeed, and households consuming protected drinking water have a significant effect on the increase/decrease in stunting. The limitations of this study are as follows: (i) The factors that cause stunting from the immediate causes and underlying causes such as premature birth, low birth weight, infectious diseases, duration of breastfeeding, maternal age, pregnancy interval, infant vaccination and service aspects health was not fully studied because of limited data and the focus of the study was mainly on socioeconomic aspects. (ii) The factors that can intervene in stunting from the other side of the DAK policy in the health sector have not been fully researched, such as the JAMPERSAL aspect, improvements to the infrastructure of puskesmas and posyandu, and (iii) Data representing variables such as income is still very macro and does not estimate individual income overall."

"Issues concerning empowering of women and child welfare in millenium development goals of Indonesia."

"Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian semua negara di dunia bahkan pada desa lokus stunting di indonesia khususnya di propinsi tertinggi kejadian stunting Nusa Tenggara Timur yang belum pernah diteliti. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan determinan stunting dengan kejadian stunting di desa lokusstunting. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 166 ibu balita yang dipilih melalui metode proportional random sampling pada empat desa lokus stunting. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Ditribusi frekuensi digunakan untuk melihat hasil univariat setiap variabel yang diteliti. Uji Chi Square digunakan untuk melihat analisis bivariat dan menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu (p=0,033), pola asuh ibu (p=0,016), pendapatan orang tua (p=0,025), pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,022), rumah tangga sanitasi (p=0,025), jenis kelamin (p=0,036), jarak kelahiran (p=0,000) dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (p=0,025) dengan kejadian stunting. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting di desa lokus stunting adalah pengetahuan ibu (p=0,000 OR 35,167; CI 95% 6,064-295,438). Pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada komunitas balita stunting sebagai populasi rentan dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting sehingga peningkatan pengetahuan dapat berdampak pada pemahaman stunting pada balita dan menurunkan angka kejadianstuntingdi desa lokus stunting

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Stunting is a health problem that is of concern to all countries in the world, even in the village of stunting locus in Indonesia, especially in the province with the highest incidence of stunting in East Nusa Tenggara which has never been studied. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between the determinants of stunting and the incidence of stunting in the stunting locus village. The number of samples in this study were 166 mothers of children under five who were selected through the proportional random sampling method in four stunting loci villages. The instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Frequency distribution is used to see the univariate results of each variable studied. Chi Square test was used to see bivariate analysis and showed that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge (p=0.033), mother's parenting pattern (p=0.016), parents' income (p=0.025), utilization of health services (p=0.022), household sanitation (p=0.025), gender (p=0.036), birth spacing (p=0.000) and history of infectious disease (p=0.025) with stunting. The results of multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that the factor most related to the incidence of stunting in the stunting locus village was maternal knowledge (p = 0.000 OR 35.167; 95% CI 6,064-295,438). The provision of nursing care to the stunting toddler community as a vulnerable population can be done by increasing mother's knowledge about stunting so that increased knowledge can have an impact on understanding stunting in toddlers and reduce the incidence of stunting in the stunting locus village."

"Prevalensi balita wasting di Jakarta Timur tahun 2017 merupakan prevalensi tertinggi kedua di DKI Jakarta yakni sebesar 11%. Prevalensi wasting di Jakarta Timur termasukmasalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius. Wasting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius karna dapat menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas balita. Usia 24-30 bulan merupakan usia yang rentan mengalami wasting karena sudah tidak mendapatkan ASI sehingga diperlukannya asupan gizi yang adekuat. Wasting memiliki beberapa faktorlangsung dan tidak langsung sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor dominan kejadian wasting pada anak usia 24-30 bulan di Kecamatan Cakung, JakartaTimur tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan sampel penelitian 221 anak usia 24-30 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 14,9% anak usia24-30 bulan di Kecamatan Cakung, Jakarta Timur tahun 2019 mengalami wasting. Terdapat hubungan positif antara asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein,asupan protein hewani, asupan lemak, frekuensi asupan susu, dan jumlah asupan susu dengan kejadian wasting. Risiko wasting lebih tinggi pada anak dengan asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, protein hewani, dan lemak yang tidak adekuat serta frekuensi dan jumlah asupan susu yang kurang. Faktor dominan dari penelitian ini yakni asupan protein yang berarti asupan protein tidak adekuat mempunyai peluang 2,8 kali untuk menjadi wasting dibandingkan dengan anak dengan asupan protein adekuat setelah dikontrol oleh asupan energi, asupan asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein hewani, asupan lemak, riwayat ISPA, riwayat diare, usia minum susu, frekuensi asupan susu, jumlah asupan susu, IMD, dan pendidikan ibu. Maka dari itu diperlukannya asupan protein khususnya susu untuk mencegah kejadian wasting.

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The prevalence of wasting toodlers in East Jakarta in 2017 is the second highest prevalance in DKI Jakarta is 11%. The prevalence of wasting in East Jakarta is a serious problem public health. Wasting is a serious problem because it can cause morbidity and mortality in children. Age 24-30 months is the age high risk of wasting because its not getting breast milk anymore, so adequate nutritional intake is needed. Wasting has several direct and indirect factors, the purpose of this study is to find out dominant factors of wasting in children aged 24-30 months in Cakung Sub District, East Jakarta in 2019. This study used a cross-sectional method with 221 children aged 24-30 month. The results showed 14,9% of children aged 24-30 months in Cakung District, East Jakarta in 2019 had wasting. There is a relationship between energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, animal source protein intake, fat intake, frequency of milk intake, amount of milk intake with wasting. The risk of wasting is higher in children with energy, carbohydrate, protein, animal protein, and inadequate fat intake and less frequency and amount of milk intake. The dominant factor of this study isprotein intake which means that inadequate protein intake has higher risk 2,8 times to be wasting compared to children with adequate protein intake after being controlled by energy intake, carbohydrate intake, animal source protein intake, fat intake, acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, age of drinking milk, frequency of milk intake, amount of milk intake, initiation of breast feeding, and mother education. Adequancy protein intake is needed especially milk intake to prevent wasting in children."