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"Pendahuluan : Rosela dilaporkan memiliki efek antiinflamasi.Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol terstandar kelopak bunga rosela oles terhadap penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut.Metode: Penelitian ini in vivo pada 12 tikus S-D dengan ulser mukosa mulut. Kelompok penelitian adalah kontrol dan perlakuan. Ekstrak 7.5% dan 15% dioleskan dua kali sehari, pada hari ke-4 dan ke-8, tikus dikorbankan. Parameter yang diobservasi adalah diameter, kemerahan dan pembengkakan di jaringan sekitar ulser, serta skor radang.Hasil: Pada kelompok perlakuan, diameter ulser dan skor radang menurun, tidak terdapat bengkak dan merah pada jaringan di sekitar ulser.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak 7.5% efektif menyembuhkan ulser mukosa mulut.

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Background: Roselle has anti-inflammatory effect.Objective: Analyze effectiveness of standardized ethanol extract of Roselle topical towards oral mucous ulcer.Method: In vivo study was created with ulcer on 12 rats. Research group divided into control and test group. Standardized roselle 7.5% and 15% were applied topically twice a day. On the 4th and 8th days, rat were sacrificed. Parameters are ulcer diameter, reddish color and swollen membrane, and inflammation score of ulcer.Result: Test group indicated ulcer diameter and inflammation score were reduce, no swelling and redness observed.Conclusion: Standardized roselle 7.5% is effective for ulcer healing of oral mucous."

"Pendahuluan: Rosela memiliki khasiat antiinflamasi. Ulser merupakan keadaan inflamasi dalam rongga mulut.Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol terstandar kelopak bunga rosela terhadap penyembuhan ulser.Metode: Penelitian in vivo pada model ulser 12 tikus, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Rosela diteteskan 2 kali sehari pada ulser, kemudian hari ke 3 dan 7 dikorbankan. Parameter yang diobservasi adalah kemerahan dan bengkak di sekitar jaringan ulser, diameter ulser, serta skor radang.Hasil: Rosela 7.5% 7 hari dapat menghilangkan kemerahan, sedangkan 3.75% dan 7.5% menurunkan diameter ulser dan skor radang.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi tetes ekstrak terstandar rosela efektif dalam mempercepat penyembuhan ulser.

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Background: Roselle has antiinflammatory effect. Ulcer is an inflammatory condition in oral.Objective: Analyze effectiveness of roselle in healing an ulcer.Methods: This research in vivo on ulcer model 12 rats, divided into control and treatment group. Roselle drops were applied twice a day on ulcer, then day 3 to 7 was sacrificed. Healing process was observed by looking redness and swelling, ulcer diameter, and inflammation score.Results: Roselle 7.5% 7 days can eliminate redness, while 3.75 % and 7.5% reduced ulcer diameter and inflammation score.Conclusion: Application drops of standardized ethanol extract of roselle are effective in ulcer healing."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Rosela mempunyai efek anti-inflamasi yang mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Fibroblas berperan penting dalam proses penyembuhan. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi hasil proses penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut tikus berdasarkan ekspresi fibroblas secara imunohistokimia pascapaparan ekstrak etanol rosela 15%. Metode: Sampel ulser mukosa mulut tikus pascapaparan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan diwarnai dengan antibodi TE-7(immunohistokimia). Parameter yang digunakan sel positif dan intensitas warna (pixel). Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan sel positif pada kelompok rosela 15% dihari ke-3 (skor 2) dengan intensitas warna menunjukan skor kuat (<125 pixel) pada hari ke-1, -3, -7, -14. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan ekspresi fibroblas pada proses penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut tikus pascapaparan ekstrak etanol rosella 15%.

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ABSTRACTBackgrounds:Roselle have an anti-inflammatory effect that can accelerate wound healing. Fibroblast play a critical role in wound healing process. Objectives: To evaluate the result of wound healing process towards rat oral mucous ulcer based on fibroblast expression in immunohistochemistry after exposure 15% ethanol roselle extract. Methods: rat oral mucous ulcer samples after exposure the control group and the treatment group that stained by TE-7 antibody (immunohistochemistry). Parameters that used are positive cells and color intensity (pixels). Results: There was an increase of positive cells in group 15% roselle on the 3rd day (score 2) with color intensity indicates high score (<125 pixels) from the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Conclusions: Fibroblast expression increased in wound healing process of rat oral mucous ulcer after exposure 15% ethanol roselle extract"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kelopak bunga Rosela dilaporkan memiliki efek antiinflamasi.TE-7 adalah salah satu penanda fibroblas. Tujuan: Menganalisis ekspresi fibroblaspada penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut tikus pascapaparan ekstrak etanol kelopakbunga Rosela 7,5 % secara imunohistokimia. Metode: Blok parafin dari ulsermukosa mulut tikus yang terdiri dari kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontroldipulas secara imunohistokimia tidak langsung menggunakan TE-7 sebagai antibodiprimer. Interpretasi ekspresi fibroblas berdasarkan skoring. Hasil : Pada hari ke-3,kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan skor 2 dan kedua kelompok kontrol menunjukkanskor 1. Kesimpulan: Setelah 3 hari paparan ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga Roselateridentifikasi 7,5% fibroblas terekspresi lebih baik daripada kelompok kontrol.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Roselle’s calyces reported have anti inflammation. TE-7 is one offibroblasts marker. Objective: Analyzing fibroblasts expression on rat oral mucosaulcer healing after exposure 7.5% ethanol extract of Roselle calyces byimmunohistochemistry. Method: Paraffin blocks of rat oral mucosa ulcer consistingof the treatment group and the control group stained indirect immunohistochemistrymethod using TE-7 as the primary antibodi Result: On day 3, the treatment groupshowed a score of 2 and the two control groups showed a score of 1. Conclusion:After 3 days exposure to 7,5% ethanol extract of Roselle calyces, fibroblastsexpressed better than the control group."

"Latar Belakang: Rosela dilaporkan sebagai agen antiradang.Tujuan: menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol terstandar kelopak rosela terhadap penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut.Metode: Dua belas tikus dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Ekstrak 3.75% dan 7.5% dioleskan 2 kali sehari pada mukosa mulut. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 3 dan 7 hari. Kemerahan dan pembengkakan jaringan sekitar diamati secara visual. Diameter ulser diukur satu hari setelah dibuat dan sebelum dikorbankan. Spesimen dibuat, diamati secara mikroskopis, dan dilakukan skoring.Hasil: Diameter ulser dan skor radang menurun. Kemerahan dan pembengkakan jaringan sekitar tidak terlihat lagi.Simpulan: Ekstrak 7.5% efektif terhadap penyembuhan ulser mukosa mulut tikus.

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Background: Roselle is reported as anti-inflammatory agent.Objectives: To analyze standardized roselle calyces ethanol extract efficacy`s towards oral mucous ulcer.Methods: Twelve rats were divided into 2 groups; control and experimental group. The 3.75% and 7.5% extract were applied topically twice a day in oral mucous. Animals were observed for 3 and 7 days. Redness and swelling were observed visually. Ulcer diameter was measured a day after creation and before sacrifice. Specimens were observed microscopically and scored.Results: Ulcer diameter and inflammation score were decreased. No redness and swelling observed.Conclusions: The 7.5% extract is effective for the ulcer."

"Latar Belakang: Rosela dilaporkan memiliki khasiat sebagai antiinflamasi.Tujuan: mengetahui efektivitas rosela terhadap ulser mukosa mulut.Metode: 12 tikus sprague-dawley dibagi dua; kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Triamcinolone diaplikasikan pada kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok perlakuan diberikan aplikasi tetes rosela 7.5% dan 15%, selama 3 atau 7 hari.Hasil; Hilangnya kemerahan dan pengurangan diameter ulser pada rosela 7 hari (7.5% dan 15%), hilangnya bengkak pada rosela 7 hari (15%) dan penurunan skor radang pada rosela 3 hari (15%) dan 7 hari (7.5% dan 15%).Kesimpulan: Efektivitas rosela setara Triamcinolone 0.1% pada kemerahan dan penurunan diameter ulser 7 hari.

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Backgrounds: Roselle have effect as anti-inflammatory.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of roselle towards oral mucosa ulcer.Methods: 12 sprague-dawley rats were divided into 2 groups; control and treatment. triamnicolone as positive control, treatment group was dropped by 7.5% and 15% roselle. Wound healing was observed in the third or seventh day.Results; Redness disappearance and ulcer diameter decrease in seventh days (7.5% and 15%). Swelling disappearance in seventh days (15%). Inflammation score decrease in both third days (15%) and seventh days (7.5% and 15%).Conclusions: roselle is effective for ulcer healing. the Effectiveness is equivalent to Triamcinolone 0.1% in redness disappearance and decreasing of ulcer diameter in seventh days."

"Ulser adalah masalah yang sering ditemukan pada rongga mulut. Keluhan sakit seringkali menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman pada penderita yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidupnya, sehingga penderita cenderung mencari pengobatan untuk menangani hal tersebut. Propolis merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang dapat bertindak sebagai anti-inflamasi dalam menangani ulser. Mengetahui efektivitas pasta gigi propolis sebagai pengobatan ulserasi traumatik termal pada mukosa bukal. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vivo dengan menggunakan model ulser traumatik termal pada mukosa bukal 16 ekor Mus musculus (SwissWebster) yang terbagi dalam penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian lanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan 3 kelompok dengan kelompok pasta gigi propolis, pasta gigi kontrol dan larutan saline (NaCl 0,9%). Dilakukan pemaparan trauma termal dengan ballpointed bersuhu 80oC selama 5 detik. Pengamatan dilakukan secara klinis berupa perubahan diameter ulser, pembengkakan dan kemerahan di sekitar ulser, berat badan serta persentase penyembuhan ulser, dan secara histopatologis berupa perubahan skor radang. Mus musculus kemudian dikorbankan pada hari pertama terbentuk ulser, hari puncak ulser dan hari sembuhnya ulser pada setiap kelompok. Pada pengamatan makroskopis, persentase penyembuhan kelompok pasta gigi propolis lebih cepat dibanding kelompok pasta gigi kontrol dan saline, serta rata-rata waktu penyembuhan ulser juga lebih cepat, yaitu sembuh pada hari ke-8. Pada pengamatan mikroskopis, semua kelompok perlakuan mengalami perubahan skor radang dibandingkan ketika hari pertama terbentuknya ulser. Pasta gigi propolis efektif terhadap penyembuhan ulser traumatik termal pada mukosa bukal Mus musculus (Swiss Webster).

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Ulcer is a problem which is mainly found in the oral cavity. The pain resulted often causes discomfort towards the patients hence affecting their life quality. As a result, they tend to seek treatment to deal with it. Propolis is a natural ingredient that contains flavonoid which can act as an anti-inflammatory to treat the ulcer. To determine the efficacy of propolis toothpaste as a treatment for thermal traumatic ulcer of the buccal mucosa. The study was conducted in vivo by using the thermal traumatic ulcer model of the buccal mucosa of 16 Mus musculus (Swiss Webster) and divided into preliminary test and continuous test. There are 3 groups in the study, using propolis toothpaste, control toothpaste and saline (NaCl 0,9%) groups. The thermal trauma is exposed by a 80oC ballpointed for 5 seconds. Observations are made clinically (difference in ulcer diameter, swelling and redness around the ulcer, weight and percentage of ulcer healing) and histopathologically in the form of changes in inflammation score. Mus musculus was then sacrificed on the first day of ulcer formation, ulcer peak day and ulcer healing day in each group. In the macroscopic observation, the ulcer healing percentage in propolis toothpaste group was faster than the control groups, and the ulcer healing time was also faster, which was healed on the 8 day. In the microscopic observation, all treatment groups show changes in inflammation score compared to the first day of ulcer formation. Propolis toothpaste is effective towards the healing of thermal traumatic ulcer in the buccal mucosa of Mus musculus (Swiss Webster)."

"Pendahuluan: Ulser traumatik merupakan salah satu penyakit rongga mulut yang sering terjadi dan dapat menimbulkan sakit sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Penderita ulser mencari pengobatan untuk mengurangi rasa sakit dan mempercepat waktu penyembuhan. Hingga saat ini belum terdapat standar terapi ulser sehingga penemuan obat terapi ulser sangat diperlukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas obat kumur propolis UI sebagai obat ulser rongga mulut.Metode: Penelitian in vivo menggunakan 18 ekor Mus musculus sebagai model ulser trumatik termal pada mukosa bukal. Pembentukan ulser dengan paparan trauma termal dilakukan pada hari pertama. Kelompok penelitian terdiri dari kelompo obat kumur propolis UI, obat kumur klorheksidin glukonat 0,2% dan larutan saline sebanyak 0,2 ml. Bahan uji dipaparkan setiap hari pada model ulser. Pengamatan makroskopis dilakukan setiap hari berupa berat badan, diameter ulser kemerahan, pembengkakan dan presentase penyembuhan ulser. Mus musculus dikorbankan pada hari pertama dan kesembilan untuk dibuatkan sediaan histopatologis dan pengamatan gambaran mikroskopis berupa penilaian skor radang Eda dan Fukuyama.Hasil: Penyembuhan ulser traumatik termal Mus musculus kelompok obat kumur propolis UI lebih baik dibandingkan pada kelompok larutan saline namun tidak lebih baik dari obat kumur klorheksidin 0,2%.Kesimpulan: Efektivitas obat kumur propolis UI pada ulser mukosa mulut lebih baik dari saline namun belum setara dengan klorheksidin glukonat 0,2%

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Background: Traumatic ulcer is one of oral diseases that often occur and produce pain which can affects someones life quality. Ulcers patients search therapy to relieve pain and speed up healing time. There hasnt been a standard therapy for ulcer so that drug development and research is really needed.Objectives: Discover efficacy of UI propolis-based mouthwash as oral ulcer medication.Methods: In vivo study on 18 Mus musculusas thermal traumatic ulcer model on buccal mucosa. Establishment of thermal traumatic ulcer done on the first day. Research groups consist of 0,2 ml UI propolis-based mouthwash group, chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% group and saline group. Test material is given everyday on ulcer model. Macroscopic observation was done every day by observing Mus musculuss weight, ulcers diameter, redness and swollen around the ulcers and ulcers healing percentage. Mus musculus was decapitated on the first and ninth day to be made into histopathology specimen and observed microscopically by scoring inflammation score of Eda and Fukuyama.Results: Healing of thermal traumatic ulcer of Mus musculus on propolis-based mouthwash is better than saline group but not better than chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% mouthwash.Conclusion: Efficacy of UI propolis-based mouthwash on oral ulcer is better than saline but not yet equal with chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%. "

"Nowadays the use of over the counter (OTC) bleaching material become more popular. The most common composition of this OTC material is mainly carbamide peroxyde and hydrogen peroxyde in various concentration. There many methods for using carbamide peroxyde as bleaching material, such as spray, gel tray or applicable solution, etc. According to the using methods, the possibility contamination between the material and oral mucous membrane is very high. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of 2% carbamide peroxyde solution on oral mucous membrane. Materials and method : 30 rats of wistar strain divided to 2 groups, the control group consist of 10 rats, and experimental group of 20 rats. The animal of control group received application on their labial vestibulum with aquadest, while for the experimental group applicated with 2% carbamide peroxyde solution. The applications were done for 1 minute, 3 times daily with 10 minutes interval periods. 5 rats of the control group and 10 of the experimental group were killed by epidural anaesthetic after 1 day application. The rest animals were killed after 3 days application. Inferior labia then taken as the specimen, fixated using formaldehyde and processed for microscopic slides stained with HE. Microscopic analyze were done using modified inflammation scoring system developed by Eda & Fukuyama. Statistical analyze shows that there are significant differences of the experimental group inflammation compare to control group, both for 1 day and 3 days application. However there are no differences of oral mucous inflammation between 1 day and 3 days application for both control and experimental groups. Based on this research's result, it can be concluded that bleaching material contain carbamide peroxyde can caused oral mucous inflammation."