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"Pemerintah memberikan fasilitas super tax deduction bagi perusahaan yang mendukung kegiatan vokasi di Indonesia melalui Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 128/PMK.03/2019 yang didasari untuk mendorong perusahaan agar mau terlibat dan mendukung kegiatan vokasi di Indonesia, yaitu dengan menyelenggarakan program magang bagi siswa, mahasiswa, dan karyawan dari lembaga vokasi. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan super tax deduction bagi perusahaan yang mendukung kegiatan vokasional di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data-data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Terdapat kepentingan dari stakeholders atas kebijakan ini, yaitu menciptakan tenaga kerja yang berkualitas dan berdaya saing tinggi, mendorong keterlibatan dunia usaha dan dunia industri, menyukseskan program link and match, mendapatkan pengurangan penghasilan bruto, dan melaksanakan visi misi perusahaan. Perubahan yang diharapkan dengan adanya kebijakan super tax deduction adalah adanya perubahan pada kualitas sumber daya manusia karena magang yang diselenggarakan oleh perusahaan lebih spesifik ke kompetensi tertentu dan agar perusahaan semakin terdorong untuk merekrut tenaga kerja dari pendidikan vokasi yang sesuai dengan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan. Wajib Pajak menanggapi kebijakan ini secara positif karena merasakan manfaatnya, seperti pengurangan penghasilan bruto hingga 200%. Sampai 9 September 2020, fasilitas pajak super tax deduction telah dimanfaatkan oleh 19 Wajib Pajak. Dalam pengimplementasinnya, terdapat beberapa hambatan, seperti perusahaan membutuhkan waktu yang lama saat mengurus dokumen untuk di-upload ke OSS, terbukanya peluang tidak jujur dari Wajib Pajak, dan adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara perusahaan dan pemerintah. Skripsi ini juga meninjau bagaimana kebijakan pajak di negara lain, seperti Thailand, Austria, dan Prancis memfasilitasi keterlibatan perusahaan swasta dengan lembaga vokasi.

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The government provided super tax deduction facility for those companies through the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 128/PMK.03/2019 which intends to encourage companies to take part and support vocational activities namely by organizing apprenticeship programs for students and employees of vocational institutions. This thesis aims to analyse super tax deduction policy for companies that support vocational activities in Indonesia by using qualitative approach. The data are obtained through in- depth interviews and literature studies. There are some interests from stakeholders in this policy, namely creating a high competitive workforce, encouraging the involvement of the industrial and business field, promoting the success of the link and match program, getting a reduction in gross income, and carrying out the company's vision and mission. The expected effect with the super tax deduction policy is a major change in the quality of human resources since the internships held by companies are more specific to certain competencies. Companies are also expected to be increasingly motivated in recruiting workers from vocational education who are in accordance with the competencies required by the company. Taxpayers responded positively to this policy because they obtained the benefits, such as a reduction in gross income up to 200%. Until 9th of September 2020, the super tax deduction tax facility has been utilized by 19 taxpayers. In its implementation, there are several obstacles, such as companies taking a long time to proceed documents uploaded to OSS, opportunities for dishonesty from taxpayers, and differences in interests between companies and the government. This thesis also examines how tax policies in other countries, such as Thailand, Austria, and France facilitate the involvement of private companies with vocational institutions."

"Lulusan pendidikan vokasi memiliki tujuan sebagai lulusan yang siap kerja. Namun, setiap tahunnya pendidikan vokasi menjadi kontribusi utama dari tingkat pengangguran di Indonesia. Dalam RPJMN 2020-2024, pengembangan kualitas SDM menjadi program prioritas, dimana salah satunya melalui pengembangan pendidikan vokasi. Untunk meningkatkan kualitas SDM pendidikan vokasi, pemerintah memberikan dorongan, salah satunys dari segi fiskal, dengan mengenalkan insentif pajak pada September 2019 yaitu berupa pengurangan penghasilan bruto atas penyelenggaraan kegiatan vokasi (super tax deduction kegiatan vokasi). Penelitian ini membahas mengenai implementasi kebijakan insentif pajak super tax deduction atas penyelenggaraan kegiatan vokasi serta membahas faktor penghambat implementasi dari super tax deduction kegiatan vokasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi dari kebijakan super tax deduction atas kegiatan vokasi telah berlangsung selama hampir tiga tahun masih tidak optimal meskipun progress pemanfaat skema insentif ini terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Dalam implementasinya, manfaat yang diberikan kepada pendidikan vokasi belum bisa dirasakan. Faktor yang menghambat dimanfaatkannya super tax deduction atas penyelenggaraan kegiatan vokasi adalah dikarenakan kondisi pandemi Covid-19 yang secara umum menyebabkan perlambatan perekonomian, terkendala dalam pemenuhan kriteria administratif, minimnya kepercayaan dan kesiapan WP dalam memanfaatkan skema insentif super tax deduction atas kegiatan vokasi, dan kurangnya sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh para pelaksana kebijakan.

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Graduates from vocational education are expected to be prepared for employment. However, graduates from vocational education dominate the unmployment rate each year. In the National Medium-Term Development Plan for 2020-2024 (RPJMN 2020-2024), the improvement of the quality and competence of human resources is one of the main priorities, namely through strengthening vocational education. In September 2019, the government introduce a tax incentives in the form of super tax deduction as a fiscal support to encourage business and industry to contribute in improving the quality of vocational education. This research intended to analyze the implementation of tax incentive policy called super tax deduction on vocational activities and also to analyze inhibiting factors of the implementation of super tax deduction on vocational activities. This study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interview, data collection techniques and literature study. The results of this study showed that the implementation of the super tax deduction policy on vocational activities that has been going on for almost three years is still not optimal. The expected impact on vocational education has not been realized. There are four factors that inhibit the implementation of super tax deduction on vocational activities that need to be considered, such as the general condition of the Covid-19 pandemic causing the economy slowdown, business and industry having administrative compliance difficulties, the lack of trust and readiness of taxpayers in utilizing the super tax deduction incentive scheme, and the lack of socialization carried out by policy implementers."

"Peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia merupakan prioritas pemerintah Kabinet Kerja Jilid II. Penentuan pengembangan sumber daya manusia menjadi fokus pemerintah bukan tanpa alasan, pasalnya kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia masih tergolong kurang baik karena angka pengangguran terbuka didominasi oleh lulusan SMK dan diploma atau pendidikan vokasi serta masih adanya miss match antara pendidikan vokasi dengan kebutuhan dunia industri. Dalam upaya untuk menggandeng banyak pihak terutama private sectors dalam upaya pengembangan SDM, Pemerintah menerbitkan sebuah kebijakan insentif pajak super tax deduction yang tercantum dalam PMK Nomor 128 Tahun 2019. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian super tax deduction atas pendidikan vokasi adalah postpositivisme dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan super tax deduction sudah didasarkan dan dapat meminimalkan permasalahan yang sedang berkembang, kebijakan jelas dan cukup mudah untuk dipahami klausul pemberitahuan diimplementasikan sesuai dengan kebijakannya. Namun, pada tahun 2019, sistem OSS sebagai pendukung tidak berjalan secara optimal sehingga belum dapat digunakan. Implementasi kebijakan super tax deduction sudah cukup sesuai dengan batasan yang ada dalam PMK Nomor 128 Tahun 2019, selain itu super tax deduction dapat meningkatkan sinergitas antara pemerintah, industri, dan pendidikan vokasi. Namun, terdapat permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu pada saat penyampaian realisasi biaya, kekecewaan dari sektor perbankan dan retail, dan tanggapan kekhawatiran akan dilakukan pemeriksaan. Sepanjang 2019 terdapat 3 wajib pajak yang memanfaatkan insentif super tax deduction, dan sampai Desember 2020 sudah terdapat 25 WP. Kebijakan super tax deduction atas penyelenggaraan pendidikan vokasi memperhatikan kebijakan prioritas yang dilakukan oleh Kabinet Kerja II yaitu SDM Unggul dan mendukung kebijakan link and match.

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Improving the quality of human resources is a priority of the Government's “Kabinet Kerja” Volume II. Determination of human resource development is the government's focus, not without reason, the quality of Indonesian human resources is still classified as low, because the open unemployment rate is dominated by SMK graduates and diploma or vocational education graduates and also there is still a miss match between vocational education and the needs of the industrial world. In an effort to collaborate with many parties, especially private sectors in efforts to develop human resources, the Government issued a super tax deduction tax incentive policy listed in PMK Number 128 of 2019.The approach used in super tax deduction research on vocational education is postpositivism with qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the super tax deduction policy has been based on and can minimize developing problems, is clear and easy enough to understand, “pemberitahuan” clause are implemented in accordance with the policy. However, in 2019, the OSS system as a support did not run optimally so it could not be used. The implementation of the super tax deduction policy is sufficient in accordance with the limits in PMK Number 128 of 2019, super tax deduction policy also can increase synergy between the government, industry, and vocational education. However, there were problems that occurred, namely during the submission of cost realization, disappointment from the banking and retail sectors, and responses to concerns that an examination would be carried out. Throughout 2019 there were 3 taxpayers who took advantage of the super tax deduction incentive, and until December 2020 there were already 25 taxpayers. The super tax deduction policy on the implementation of vocational education takes into account the priority policies carried out by the Kabinet Kerja II, namely “SDM Unggul” and supports the link and match policy."

"Pemerintah Indonesia berupaya mendorong partisipasi sektor industri untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan (litbang). Salah satu dukungan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan litbang swasta adalah melalui penerbitan kebijakan super tax deduction (STD) atas kegiatan litbang. Akan tetapi, jumlah wajib pajak yang memperoleh konfirmasi kesesuaian untuk melakukan litbang masih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah wajib pajak secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan STD atas kegiatan litbang. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk menganalisis faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat penerapan kebijakan STD atas kegiatan litbang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan tujuan pertama, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insentif STD belum sepenuhnya efektif dengan dua indikator dimensi. Pertama, dimensi tepat kebijakan belum berjalan optimal karena tujuan pemberian insentif STD untuk meningkatkan kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan di Indonesia belum tercapai. Kedua, dimensi tepat lingkungan belum berjalan efektif yang disebabkan oleh potensi multitafsir terkait metode pengakuan dan pencatatan biaya litbang antara akuntansi dengan pajak. Sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian kedua, hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat tiga faktor pendukung dan tiga faktor penghambat dalam penerapan kebijakan STD atas kegiatan litbang. Faktor pendukung di antaranya meliputi sosialisasi kebijakan STD atas kegiatan litbang, keandalan sistem OSS (Online Single Submission) sebagai sarana pengajuan insentif, dan koordinasi antar kementerian/lembaga pelaksana. Faktor penghambat di antaranya meliputi kondisi perekonomian lesu akibat pandemi Covid-19, keterbatasan pengetahuan sumber daya dan jumlah narahubung, dan desain kebijakan STD atas kegiatan litbang yang kurang mendorong industri untuk mengajukan insentif pengurangan pajak super.

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The Indonesian government seeks to encourage industrial sector participation in conducting research and development (R&D) activities. One of the government's supports in increasing private R&D is through the issuance of a super tax deduction (STD) policy for R&D activities. However, the number of taxpayers who have received confirmation of conformity to carry out R&D is still small when compared to the total number of taxpayers. This research has two objectives. The first objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of applying STD to R&D activities. The second objective is to analyze the supporting factors and inhibiting factors for implementing STD policies on R&D activities. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and literature studies. Based on the first objective, the research results show that STD incentives are not fully effective with two dimensional indicators. First, the right policy has not run optimally because the goal of providing STD incentives to increase research and development activities in Indonesia has not been achieved. Second, the right environment dimension has not been effective due to the potential for multiple interpretations related to the method of recognizing and recording R&D costs between accounting and taxes. In accordance with the second research objective, the results of the study explain that there are three supporting factors and three inhibiting factors in the application of STD policies to R&D activities. The supporting factors include the dissemination of STD policies on R&D activities, the reliability of the OSS (Online Single Submission) system as a means of submitting incentives, and coordination between implementing ministries/agencies. Inhibiting factors include the sluggish economic condition due to the Covid-19 pandemic, limited knowledge of resources and the number of contact persons, and the design of STD policies on R&D activities that do not encourage the industry to apply for super tax reduction incentives."

"ABSTRAKPerusahaan membutuhkan inovasi untuk dapat bersaing dengan kompetitornya. Untuk melahirkan suatu inovasi dibutuhkan beberapa cara, salah satunya adalah melalui kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan. Kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan adalah proses yang penting untuk melahirkan inovasi. Pemerintah memberikan dukungan untuk mendorong kegiatan ini, salah satunya melalui insentif pajak berupa super tax deduction. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Penelitian ini akan meninjau adanya pemberian super tax deduction untuk kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan dari konsep kebijakan dan prinsip perpajakan, dan teori insentif pajak. Adanya pemberian fasilitas ini menunjukan adanya pemenuhan konsep kebijakan supply-side tax policy, prinsip certainty, neutrality, dan revenue adequacy. Selanjutnya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan kepada pihak yang terkait dengan adanya pemberian fasilitas ini, yaitu Direktorat Jenderal Pajak, Badan Kebijakan Fiskal, Kementerian Perindustrian, dan Kementerian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi dalam membuat peraturan teknis fasilitas ini supaya perusahaan di Indonesia dapat terdorong untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

Companies need innovation to be able to compete with competitors. To give birth to innovation requires several ways, one of which is through research and development activities. Research and development activities are important processes for giving birth to innovation. The government provides support to encourage this activity, one of which is through tax incentives in the form of super tax deduction. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative data analysis techniques. This research will review the existence of super tax deduction for research and development activities from the concept of tax policy and principles, tax incentive theory and research and development. The existence of the facility shows the fulfillment of the concept of supply-side tax policy, certainty neutrality and revenue adequacy principle. Furthermore, this research is expected to provide input to parties related to the provision of this facility, namely the Directorate General of Tax, the Fiscal Policy Agency, the Ministry of Industry, and the Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education in making technical regulations for this facility so that companies in Indonesia can be encouraged to conduct research and development activities in Indonesia."