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"Pada era digital, anak prasekolah lebih banyak menggunakan waktunya untuk bermain gawai daripada dengan teman sebayanya. Penggunaan gawai yang terlalu lama dapat mengakibatkan anak lebih awal terpapar dampak negatif dari gawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor determinan yang mempengaruhi lama penggunaan gawai pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan melibatkan 318 orang tua yang dipilih menggunakan cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara lama penggunaan gawai dengan jenis kelamin orang tua (p value= 0,001), pendidikan orangtua (p value= 0,035), status ekonomi keluarga (p value= 0,018), media edukasi (p value= 0,039), media distraksi (p value= 0,029) dan perkembangan psikososial (p value= 0,001) dan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi lama penggunaan gawai pada anak yaitu status ekonomi keluarga dengan penghasilan ≤UMK AOR (0,327) CI 95% (0,106-0,947), media edukasi yaitu untuk menambah informasi AOR (0,367) CI 95% (0,183-0,736) dan pada perkembangan psikososial yaitu anak tidak mengalami gangguan psikososial AOR (0,348), CI 95% (0,189-0,638). Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai asuhan keperawatan khususnya dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan pada penggunaan gawai anak.

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In the digital era, preschoolers spend more time playing on their gadgets than with their peers. The use of gadgets that are too long can result in children being exposed to the negative effects of gadgets early. This study aims to analyze the determinant factors that influence the duration of gadgets use in preschool age. This study used a correlational design with a cross sectional approach involving 318 parents who were selected using cluster sampling. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the duration of gadget use and the gender of the parents (p value = 0.001), parental education (p value = 0.035), family economic status (p value = 0.018), educational media (p value = 0.039) , distraction media (p value = 0.029) and psychosocial development (p value = 0.001) and the factors that most influence the duration of gadgets use in children are family economic status with lower income AOR (0.327) 95% CI (0.106-0.947), educational media is to add information AOR (0.367) 95% CI (0.183-0.736) and psychosocial development, namely children do not have psychosocial disorders AOR (0.348), 95% CI (0.189-0.638). The results of the study can be used as nursing care, especially in providing health education on the use of gadget in children's."

"Latar belakang: Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi stimulasi dan salah satunya adalah stimulasi. Fungsi kognitif berhubungan dengan stimulasi yang diberikan oleh orangtua atau pengasuh.Tujuan: Menilai hubungan stimulasi dengan fungsi kognitif anak perawakan pendek dan normal usia prasekolahMetode: Studi cross sectional yang dilakukan di empat kelurahan di Jakarta dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak usia prasekolah dari penelitian pada perawakan pendek sebelumnya dengan orangtua atau pengasuh. Penilaian stimulasi menggunakan kuesioner versi Bahasa Indonesia dan fungsi kognitif dengan the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) versi Bahasa Indonesia yang dinilai oleh Psikolog. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan Kai kuadrat, hasil signifikan bila nilai p < 0,05Hasil: Subjek 62 anak yang terdiri dari 22 (35,5%) perawakan pendek dan 40 (64,5%) perawakan normal. Pada perawakan pendek didapatkan yang terbanyak stimulasi perkembangan kategori sedang (54,5%), proporsi IQ verbal dan total rata-rata (59,1% dan 50,0%), proporsi IQ performa di bawah rata-rata (45,5%). Hubungan stimulasi dengan fungsi kognitif IQ total pada anak perawakan normal (r=0,316; p=0,047). Perbedaan proporsi IQ verbal, IQ performa dan IQ total pada perawakan pendek dan normal (p=0,409; p=0,119; p=0,877).Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara stimulasi dengan fungsi kognitif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi penilaian kognitif dari rata-rata ke atas pada IQ verbal, IQ performa dan IQ total pada perawakan pendek dan normal. Hasil ini harus diinformasikan kepada orangtua atau pengasuh bahwa stimulasi memengaruhi fungsi kognitif dan harus dilakukan rutin setiap hari.

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Background: Several factors influence cognitive function and stimulation is one of them. Cognitive function is related to stimulation given by parents or caregivers.

Aim: To assess correlation between stimulation with cognitive function of preschool children with normal and short stature.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling was done in four sub-districts in Jakarta. Inclusion criteria were preschool-age children from the previous research on short stature and their parents or caregivers. Stimulation assessment using an Indonesian questionnaire version. Verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ), and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) were assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) Indonesian version by Psychologist. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Chi-square test with a statistically significant if p-value <0.05.

Results: Subject of 62 children consist of 64.5% normal and 35.5% short stature. Most of short stature children obtained medium category stimulation (54.5%), an average VIQ and FSIQ proportion (59.1% and 50.0%, respectively), below the average PIQ proportion (45.5%). Correlation between stimulation with FSIQ (r= 0.316; p-value= 0.047) in normal stature. Verbal IQ, PIQ and FSIQ proportion difference from an average and above between normal and short stature children were p-value= 0.409; p-value= 0.119; p-value= 0.877, respectively.

Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between stimulation and cognitive function. Cognitive function from an average and above between normal and short stature is no proportion difference. This finding must be informed to the parents or caregivers that stimulation affects the cognitive function, and it must be done every day regularly."

"Picky eating atau perilaku pilih-pilih makanan sering dialami anak usia prasekolah yang disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Salah satu faktor eksternal tersebut adalah penggunaan gadget pada anak. Picky eating dapat berdampak pada pertumbuhan dikarenakan asupan nutrisi pada anak yang tidak adekuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara penggunaan gadget dengan perilaku picky eating pada anak usia prasekolah di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan 129 responden yang dipilih secara acak dengan teknik multistage cluster sampling di empat TK di Kota Depok. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat (uji chi- square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 57 (44,2%) anak merupakan picky eater. Uji bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan gadget dengan perilaku picky eating pada anak prasekolah di Kota Depok (p<0,001) dengan tingkat risiko perilaku picky eating 5 kali lebih tinggi pada anak yang menggunakan gadget lebih dari waktu yang direkomendasikan (OR = 5,253). Upaya pencegahan perilaku picky eating pada anak, orang tua perlu memperhatikan batasan waktu anak dalam menggunakan gadget sesuai rekomendasi.

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Picky eating behavior is often experienced by preschool-aged children which is caused by internal and external factors. One of these external factors is children's use of gadgets. Picky eating can have an impact on growth due to inadequate nutritional intake in children. This research aims to identify the relationship between gadget use and picky eating behavior in preschool children in Depok City. This research was conducted involving 129 respondents who were randomly selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique in four kindergartens in Depok City. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate analysis (chi-square test). The research results showed that 57 (44.2%) children were picky eaters. The bivariate test shows that there is a significant relationship between gadget use and picky eating behavior in preschool children in Depok City (p<0.001) with the risk level of picky eating behavior 5 times higher in children who use gadgets more than the recommended time (OR = 5.253). In an effort to prevent picky eating behavior in children, parents need to pay attention to limiting the time their children use gadgets according to recommendations.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara tekanan untuk makan dan faktor lainnya dengan perilaku picky eating. Pengambilan data menggunakan pengisian kuesioner dan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan pada 113 anak usia 3 - 6 tahun di PAUD dan TK terpilih di Kelurahan Manggarai Selatan, Jakarta Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 29,2% responden memiliki perilaku picky eating. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi signifikan pada picky eater yang mendapat tekanan untuk makan (p = 0,007) dan memiliki keluarga berperilaku picky eating (p = 0,0001) serta perbedaan rata-rata usia anak yang signifikan pada picky eater (p = 0,014). Perilaku picky eating lebih sering terjadi pada masa awal anak-anak yang mendapat tekanan untuk makan serta memiliki keluarga berperilaku picky eating.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between pressure to eat and other factors with picky eating behaviour. Data was obtained by questionnaires and weight and height measurements from 113 children aged 3 - 6 years old in selected kindergarten in South Manggarai Urban, South Jakarta. Result of this study shows 29,2% of respondents have picky eating behaviour. There is significant difference of proportion in picky eater who had pressure to eat (p = 0,007) and had family with picky eating behaviour (p = 0,0001) and also significant diferrence of mean age in picky eater (p = 0,014). Picky eating behaviour often occurs in early childhood who have pressure to eat and have family with picky eating behaviour."

"Penggunaan gawai saat ini sudah bertumbuh secara pesat bahkan anak-anak sudah mulai terbiasa menggunakan perangkat gawai sejak usia sangat dini. Penggunaan gawai yang berlebihan bisa berdampak buruk bagi mata anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara interaksi gawai dengan ketajaman penglihatan pada anak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sejumlah 101 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dipilih dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Kemudian responden mengisi kuesioner Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) dan diperiksa ketajaman matanya menggunakan kartu Snellen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara interaksi gawai dengan ketajaman penglihatan (P value<0,000). Dari hasil analisis didapatkan nilai OR=3,057 yang artinya anak dengan interaksi gawai yang berlebihan berisiko mengalami ketajaman penglihatan yang kurang 3,057 kali dibandingkan anak yang berinteraksi dengan gawai secara baik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar orangtua dan/atau institusi sekolah memperhatikan dan menerapkan pengaturan durasi dalam berinteraksi dengan gawai yang aman untuk anak sehingga bisa mempertahankan ketajaman penglihatan anak.

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Nowadays the development of gadget increasing so fast moreover children are habitual to use it since early age. The overuse of gadget will give bad impact for children eyes. The purpose of this research is to see the relationship between gadget interaction and visual acuity at school age-children. This research uses cross-sectional design. The number of respondence is 101, they are corresponding with inclusion criteria get choose by purposive sampling technic. The respondence fill smartphone addiction scale-short version and get visual acuity screening with Snellen chart. The result of the research is there are significant relationship between gadget interaction and visual acuity (P value< 0,001). From the analysis obtained the OR score: 3,057 that is means children with overuse gadget interaction are riskier have bad visual acuity 3,057 times than children that having good interaction with gadget. This study recommends for parents and/or schools to pay attention and apply regulation in gadget duration interaction on children which is safe for children visual acuity."

"Latar Belakang: Anak jalanan yang jumlahnya terus meningkat, merupakan kelompok berisiko tinggi terhadap berbagai masalah sosial dan kesehatan, namun belum ada informasi tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mereka yang berisiko penularan HIV/AIDS.Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS, serta perilaku berisiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS dan faktor yang memengaruhinya pada anak jalanan usia remaja di Jakarta.Metode: Studi kuantitatif (kuesioner yang divalidasi) dan kualitatif (wawancara, focus group discussion, dan observasi) terhadap 100 subjek usia 10-18 tahun yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat (uji kai kuadrat atau uji Fischer) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik).Hasil: Sebagian besar (85%) subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang masih kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS, 35% subjek belum pernah mendengar istilah HIV/AIDS. Tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi keluarga merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS. Perilaku risiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS melibatkan 27% subjek, risiko sedang 18% subjek, risiko rendah 55% subjek. Sebanyak 17% subjek pernah berhubungan seksual (82,4% tidak pernah menggunakan kondom), 58% perokok; 45% peminum alkohol, 26% pengguna obat-obatan terlarang. Prostitusi dan homoseksualitas juga didapatkan pada anak jalanan. Usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama bekerja, jumlah jam kerja, tempat tinggal, frekuensi bertemu orangtua kandung, dan sumber informasi utama merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perilaku risiko tinggi.Simpulan: Anak jalanan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS serta banyak terlibat perilaku berisiko tinggi, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang komprehensif dan multidisiplin.

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Background: Street children are increasing and highly vulnerable to many social and health problems, but very little is known about their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission.

Objectives: To identify level of knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission among adolescent street children in Jakarta and its related factors.

Methods: Quantitative (validated questionnaire) and qualitative (in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and observation) study were conducted among 100 participants aged 10-18 years old which were recruited consecutively. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate (Chi-square or Fischer tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis.

Results: Most participants (85%) had low knowledge about HIV/AIDS and 35% subjects never heard about HIV/AIDS. Low education level and low socio-economic status increased likelihood of having low knowledge about HIV/AIDS. High-risk behaviors were engaged by 27% participants, moderate risk 18%, low risk 55% participants. Seventeen percent subjects were sexually experienced (82,4% never use condom), 58% smokers, 45% alcohol drinkers, and 26% drug abusers. Prostitution and homosexuality were also prevalent among street children. Factors that increased the likelihood of displaying risky behavior were being male, older age, low education level, being street children more than 5 years, working on the street more than 35 hours a week, living on the street, less contact with parents, and having friend as major source of information.

Conclusions: Street children had low knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and high engagement on high-risk behavior, thus require comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches."

"Vitamin A merupakan vitamin larut lemak yang memiliki berbagai fungsi biologis, termasuk dalam mengurangi kemungkinan infeksi dan mengatur pertumbuhan. Kondisi kekurangan vitamin A pada balita dapat berakibat pada meningkatnya angka kesakitan, perburukan status gizi, bahkan kematian. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suplementasi vitamin A sebagai upaya melindungi kelompok rentan dari dampak kekurangan vitamin A. Sayangnya, pemberian suplementasi vitamin A belum memberikan hasil yang optimal hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemberian suplemen vitamin A pada balita usia 6-59 bulan di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis data SDKI 2017. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang melibatkan 1.728 balita usia 6-59 bulan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu, usia balita, riwayat imunisasi balita, kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC), kunjungan Postanatal Care (PNC), tempat persalinan, dan keterpaparan media televisi dengan kepatuhan pemberian suplemen vitamin A. Riwayat imunisasi adalah faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemberian suplemen vitamin A pada balita. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menyarankan agar penguatan program imunisasi pada balita, edukasi kesehatan, kualitas kunjungan ANC dan PNC, serta pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan dan media terus ditingkatkan guna mencapai cakupan suplementasi vitamin A pada balita yang lebih baik.

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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a variety of biological functions, including reducing the infection and growth regulators. Vitamin A deficiency in child under five can result in increased morbidity, poor nutritional status, and even death. Therefore, vitamin A supplementation is needed as an effort to protect vulnerable groups, especially children from the impact of vitamin A deficiency. Unfortunately, vitamin A supplementation has not shown optimal results. This study wanted to determine the factors associated with compliance of vitamin A supplementation in child aged 6-59 months in Indonesia based on the 2017 IDHS data analysis. This is a quantitative research with cross-sectional design involving 1,728 child aged 6-59 months in Indonesia. The results prove a significant association between maternal education, child’s age, history of child’s immunization, Antenatal Care (ANC) and Postanatal Care (PNC) visits, place of delivery, and television media exposure with compliance to vitamin A supplementation. Child’s immunization history is the most dominant factor associated with compliance of vitamin A supplementation in child. Thus, this study suggests that child’s immunization program, health education, the quality of ANC and PNC, the utilization of health facilities and media should be improved to achieve better coverage of vitamin A supplementation."

"[ABSTRAKUsia prasekolah merupakan masa persiapan anak untuk masuk sekolah. Pada usiaini perkembangan sosial, emosi, dan kognitif anak berkembang dengan cepat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhikesiapan anak usia prasekolah untuk mulai bersekolah. Desain penelitian inimenggunakan studi deskriptif. Dengan pengumpulan data kesiapan sekolahmenggunakan pemeriksaan Nijmeegse Schoolbekwaanheids Test (NST) pada 206anak. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan sebesar 42,3% anak sudah siap masuksekolah. Hasil regresi logistik multinomial menunjukkan jenis kelamin anak,pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan keluarga, dan perilaku orang tuamerupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan masuk sekolah. Penelitian inimerekomendasikan perawat dapat memberikan edukasi tentang pentingnya peranibu dalam mempersiapkan anak masuk sekolah terutama pada anak usiaprasekolah.

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ABSTRACTPreschool age is the perfect time for children to get ready for school as rapidchildren growth of social, emotional, and cognitive happened at this time round.This research seeks the factors that affect the children?s readiness for school. Priorthe data collection an NST was conducted on 206 children. Then a descriptivestudy was used to collect the NST result 42,3% children are found ready toschool. On multinomial logistic regression test have showed that gender ofchildren, mother?s education, family income, mother?s occupation, and parentsbehavior were factor that affect the school readiness. This study implied theimportance of mother?s roles an preparing their children for school and for nursesto enhance that roles.;Preschool age is the perfect time for children to get ready for school as rapidchildren growth of social, emotional, and cognitive happened at this time round.This research seeks the factors that affect the children?s readiness for school. Priorthe data collection an NST was conducted on 206 children. Then a descriptivestudy was used to collect the NST result 42,3% children are found ready toschool. On multinomial logistic regression test have showed that gender ofchildren, mother?s education, family income, mother?s occupation, and parentsbehavior were factor that affect the school readiness. This study implied theimportance of mother's roles an preparing their children for school and for nursesto enhance that roles.;Preschool age is the perfect time for children to get ready for school as rapidchildren growth of social, emotional, and cognitive happened at this time round.This research seeks the factors that affect the children?s readiness for school. Priorthe data collection an NST was conducted on 206 children. Then a descriptivestudy was used to collect the NST result 42,3% children are found ready toschool. On multinomial logistic regression test have showed that gender ofchildren, mother?s education, family income, mother?s occupation, and parentsbehavior were factor that affect the school readiness. This study implied theimportance of mother?s roles an preparing their children for school and for nursesto enhance that roles.;Preschool age is the perfect time for children to get ready for school as rapidchildren growth of social, emotional, and cognitive happened at this time round.This research seeks the factors that affect the children’s readiness for school. Priorthe data collection an NST was conducted on 206 children. Then a descriptivestudy was used to collect the NST result 42,3% children are found ready toschool. On multinomial logistic regression test have showed that gender ofchildren, mother’s education, family income, mother’s occupation, and parentsbehavior were factor that affect the school readiness. This study implied theimportance of mother’s roles an preparing their children for school and for nursesto enhance that roles., Preschool age is the perfect time for children to get ready for school as rapidchildren growth of social, emotional, and cognitive happened at this time round.This research seeks the factors that affect the children’s readiness for school. Priorthe data collection an NST was conducted on 206 children. Then a descriptivestudy was used to collect the NST result 42,3% children are found ready toschool. On multinomial logistic regression test have showed that gender ofchildren, mother’s education, family income, mother’s occupation, and parentsbehavior were factor that affect the school readiness. This study implied theimportance of mother’s roles an preparing their children for school and for nursesto enhance that roles.]"

"Salah satu parameter derajat kesehatan suatu negara adalah kematian bayi dan balita. Dalam Setiap tahun terdapat 12 juta anak meninggal sebelum usia 5 tahun karena pneumonia, diare, malaria, campak, malnutrisi dan kombinasi dari penyakit tersebut. Untuk mencegah kematian tersebut terdapat cara efektif berupa perawatan anak yang menderita penyakit tersebut di fasilitas rawat jalan yaitu Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS) yang dikembangkan oleh Departemen Kesehatan bekerjasama dengan WHO dan UNICEF. Setiap balita sakit harus dilakukan pendekatan MTBS. Pencapaian MTBS Kabupaten Kulon Progo 2011 55,6% dimana pencapaian cakupan MTBS merupakan gambaran kinerja petugas MTBS. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kinerja petugas MTBS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Survei analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Hasil penelitan persentase kinerja baik dan kinerja kurang hampir sama. Variabel individu yang berhubungan dengan kinerja petugas MTBS adalah masa kerja dan motivasi, variabel organisasi yang berhubungan adalah kepemimpinan dan fasilitas. Saran bagi Dinas Kesehatan adalah meningkatkan pembinaan dan pengawasan melalui supervisi, bagi kepala Puskesmas untuk mendukung pelaksanaan MTBS dan bagi petugas MTBS untuk melaksanakan MTBS pada setiap kunjungan balita sakit.

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One of health degree parameter of country is infant mortality. For every year 12 milions of infant died before 5 years old due to pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, malnutrition, and it?s combination. To preven of death, there is an affective way by treating infant in outpatient facility by Integrated Management Of Childhood Illness (MTBS) developed by Health Department in collaboration with WHO and UNICEF. Each of infant illness must be treated by MTBS approach. MTBS achievement of Kulon Progo Regency 2011 was 55,6% at which of it was description of MTBS officer performance.

This study aims to find out factors related to MTBS officer performance. It used analytic survey method by Cross Sectional approach.

Study result for percentage of good and poor performance is almost equal. Individual variabel related to MTBS officer performance is length of work and motivation, while related organization variable is leadership and facility.

Suggestion for Health Departemen is to improve development and monitoring by supervision, for head of Public Health Center to support MTBS implementation and for MTBS officer to apply MTBS to every childhood illness."

"Pneumonia pada balita masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Di Indonesia, Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua pada bayi dan anak balita. Kecamatan Cakung merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki kasus pneumonia pada balita yang cukup banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi case control. Populasi penelitian adalah balita usia 12-59 bulan yang berada di Wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara paparan asap rokok dalam rumah (OR=4,67; 1,19-18,33); tingkat konsumsi rokok (OR=2,77; 1,12-6,86), pencahayaan alami dalam rumah (OR=5,16; 1,94-13,70); pengetahuan ibu (OR=3,85; 1,12-13,25), status gizi (OR=9,14; 1,90-43,89), riwayat imunisasi (OR=3,85; 1,12-13,25) dan riwayat ASI ekslusif (OR=3,11; 1,24-7,78) terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Faktor yang diprediksi paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia adalah status gizi (OR=5,607; 1,082-29,058).

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Pneumonia in children under five is still major public health problem in the world or in Indonesia. In Indonesia, Pneumonia is the number two cause of death in infants and children under five. Cakung sub-district is one of the areas that have quite a lot cases of pneumonia in children under five. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the region of Cakung sub-district health center. This study uses a case control study design. The population in this study are all of children aged 12 month until 59 months who lived in the region of Cakung sub-district health center.

The results of this study indicate that there was a significant correlation between exposure to secondhand smoke in the home (OR = 4.67; 1.19 to 18.33); the number of ciggarates smoked per day (OR=2,77; 1,12-6,86), lighting in the home (OR = 5.16; 1.94 to 13.70), knowledge of mothers (OR = 3.85; 1.12 to 13.25), nutritional status (OR = 9.14; 1.90 to 43.89), immunization history (OR = 3.85; 1.12 to 13 , 25) and a history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 3.11; 1.24 to 7.78) with the incidence of pneumonia among children under five in the region of Cakung sub-district health center. The variable that predicted the most dominant cause of pneumonia is the nutritional status (OR = 5.607; 1.082 to 29.058)."