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"Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dialami setengah populasi penduduk dunia (3,58 milyar jiwa) dan penyakit gigi dengan prevalensi terbesar di Indonesia. Insidensi karies mencapai pulpa juga selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Perawatan saluran akar merupakan tindakan kuratif yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Menurut studi di berbagai negara, tingkat kegagalan PSA dapat mencapai 30% dengan melibatkan banyak faktor. Saat terjadi kegagalan, tindakan yang paling diutamakan untuk dilakukan adalah perawatan saluran akar ulang untuk mempertahankan gigi asli dari pasien. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai prevalensi PSA ulang di RSKGM FKG UI dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi penyebab kegagalan PSA dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut untuk mencegah hal tersebut terjadi lagi di masa yang akan datang. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi perawatan saluran akar ulang di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia periode 2019-2021. Metode: Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan analitik komparatif yang bersifat retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien konservasi di RSKGM FKG UI. Hasil: Dari 3503 pasien PSA di RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2019-Juli 2021, 181 pasien dengan kegagalan PSA memilih untuk PSA ulang dan 20 pasien lainnya dilakukan ekstraksi. Melalui analisis komparatif, terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara etiologi kegagalan PSA dengan status penyakit periapeks pada pasien, tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara sosiodemografi, elemen gigi dan diagnosis periapeks pasien pada perawatan PSA ulang dan ekstraksi, dan terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara etiologi kegagalan PSA dengan perawatan yang dipilih (PSA ulang dan ekstraksi). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi PSA ulang di RSKGM FKG UI adalah 5,1%. Penyebab kegagalan PSA yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah pengisian saluran akar yang kurang. Diagnosis penyakit periapeks pasca PSA, paling banyak ditemukan adalah abses periapikal. Berdasarkan sosiodemografis, pasien paling banyak didominasi oleh jenis kelamin perempuan dan kelompok usia yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kelompok usia 50-59 tahun. PSA ulang paling banyak terjadi pada gigi molar mandibula. PSA yang inadekuat memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penyakit periapeks, proporsi tertinggi etiologi kegagalan PSA pada tindakan PSA ulang adalah PSA inadekuat dan proporsi tertinggi etiologi kegagalan PSA pada tindakan ekstraksi adalah restorasi inadekuat

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Background: Dental caries is a serious health problem experienced by half of the world’s population (3.58 billion people) and an oral disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. The incidence of pulpitis is also increasing every year. Root canal treatment is taken to cure the disease. According to studies in various countries, endodontic treatment failure rate can reach to 30% involving many factors. When endodontic treatment failure occurs, the most applied action to be taken is endodontic retreatment to preserve patient’s teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research on the prevalence of endodontic retreatment at RSKGM FKG UI by discovering the causes of the failure and other factors that contributed to the failure to prevent it from happening in the future. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of endodontic retreatment at RSKGM FKG UI for the period of 2019-2021. Methods: Retrospective descriptive and comparative analytical study is done using secondary data found in patient’s medical record. Results: There were 3503 endodontic patients at RSKGM FKG UI for the period of January 2019-July 2021, 181 patients with endodontic failure chose to be treated with endodontic retreatment and another 20 patients underwent extraction. Through comparative analysis, there were statistical differences between the etiology of endodontic failure and periapical disease. No differences found between the sociodemographic and the tooth, periapical diagnoses of patients with the choices of treatment between endodontic retreatment and extraction, and there were statistical differences between the etiology of endodontic failure and the choice of treatment. Conclusion: The prevalence of endodontic retreatment at RSKGM FKG UI is 5.1%. The most common etiology of endodontic failure is underobturation. Periapical abscess is the most found diagnosis of post endodontic treatment. Based on sociodemographics, most patients are female and the age group that commonly found was 50-59 years old age group. Endodontic retreatment mostly treated on mandibular molars. the biggest proportion of etiology of failure on endodontic retreatment treatment choice is an inadequate endodontic treatment while the highest proportion of etiology of failure on extraction is inadequate restoration"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Lesi periapikal adalah lesi yang melibatkan area apikal gigi. Lesi periapikal merupakan proses tingkat lanjut dari karies yang bervariasi pada kelompok rahang, elemen gigi, dan ukuran lesi. Selain itu, faktor sosiodemografi seperti jenis kelamin juga dapat mempengaruhi proses terjadinya lesi periapikal Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan distribusi lesi periapikal di RSGM Paviliun Khusus FKG UI periode Januari 2007 – September 2014 Metode : Penelitian ini berjenis observasi deskriptif dan merupakan studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder berupa gambaran radiografis yang terkomputerisasi dengan baik pada RSGMP Paviliun Khusus FKG UI periode Januari 2007 – September 2014. Hasil : Didapatkan 425 kasus lesi periapikal. Frekuensi dan distribusi dipaparkan melalui tabel dan diagram. Kesimpulan : Frekuensi dan Distribusi lesi periapikal paling sering melibatkan gigi 4.6, lokasi terjadinya lesi periapikal paling sering terjadi pada rahang bawah posterior, kelompok ukuran lesi yang paling sering terjadi adalah lesi periapikal dengan ukuran 6-10 mm (49.18%), dan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan lebih sering terlibat dengan perbandingan antara laki-laki dan perempuan 1:1:32.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Periapical lesion is a lesion which involving the apical area of the tooth. Periapical lesion is an advanced process of caries which various in the group of the jaw, tooth element, and the size of the lesion. In addition, sex may also affect the occurrence of periapical lesion. Objective : This research aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of lesion in RSGM Paviliun Khusus FKG UI period of January 2007 - September 2014. Methods : The type of this study is descriptive observation, and a retrospective study by using secondary data from the computerized radiographic picture in RSGM Paviliun Khusus FKG UI period of January 2007 - September 2014. Result : There are 425 cases of periapical lesion. Frequency and distribution presented through tables and diagrams. Conclusion : Frequency and distribution of periapical lesion is most commonly involve tooth 4.6, the location of periapical lesion is most commonly happen on the posterior mandible region, the group of the lesion size which commonly happen is 6-10 mm, and based on sex, women are more frequently that involved with the comparison between men and women 1: 1.32."

"Karies merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang umumnya terjadi pada gigi impaksi. Penelitian yang membahas mengenai distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi impaksi sudah banyak dilakukan di berbagai negara, namun di Indonesia masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar tiga kelas IA di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif yang bersifat retrospektif dengan sampel penelitian berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari kartu status pasien RSKGM FKGUI periode Januari 2010-Juli 2013. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa prevalensi impaksi molar tiga bawah kelas IA sebesar 42,5% dari 496 kasus impaksi molar tiga bawah. Rasio laki-laki : perempuan yang mengalami impaksi molar tiga kelas IA adalah 1:1,7. Mayoritas pasien berusia 17-35 tahun dan kebanyakan berasal dari suku Jawa (44,1%). Sebanyak 23,2% pasien mengalami karies pada gigi impaksinya dan umumnya terjadi pada impaksi mesioangular (17,2%). Permukaan oklusal merupakan daerah yang paling rentan terhadap terjadinya karies baik pada impaksi mesioangular, vertikal, horizontal, maupun transverse, yaitu sebanyak 59,6%.

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Caries is one of the complications commonly arise in impacted teeth. Studies concerning frequency distribution of caries in impacted third molar are widely available in several countries, but not in Indonesia. This study aims to get information regarding frequency distribution of caries in class IA impacted third molar among patients of Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Research was done using retrospective descriptive study through observation of patient’s status cards at RSKGM FKGUI from January 2010 to July 2013.

The results indicate that prevalence of class IA impacted third molar is 42.5% out of 496 cases of all impacted mandibular third molar. Gender ratio of male to female is 1: 1.7, whereas the majority of the patients are aged 17-35 years old and of Javanese origins (44.1%). Some patients have caries in their impacted third molar (23.2%), especially in mesioangular impaction (17.2%). Occlusal surface accounts for the most susceptible site to caries in class IA impacted third molar (59.6%) in all mesioangular, vertical, horizontal and transversal impaction."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 57-61The aim of the present study was to assess the response of rat dental pulp to direct pulp capping with ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP). An occlusal cavity was prepared on the right maxillary first molar of Spraque-Dawley rats. The dental pulp was exposed and then lined with a zinc oxide-based filler as a control (group I), or with EEP (group II). Then, each cavity was filled with glass ionomer cement. The animals were sacrificed at week l, 2, or 4. Biopsy samples were obtained, and these were stained and viewed by a light microscopic. The histological examination was based on the presence of polymorph nuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and also the dentinal bridge formation. Data were statistically analyzed by using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the inflammatory response of EEP group was relatively milder compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. There was no dentinal bridge formation seen in both groups. Therefore, the present results suggest that direct pulp capping with EEP in rats may delay dental pulp inflammatory process and fail to stimulate reparative dentin."

"Alat elektronik pengukur panjang kerja multifrekuensi adalah alat mutakhir yang datang setelah alat elektronik dua frekuensi. Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan ketepatan hasil pengukuran panjang kerja dua sistem alat elektronik tersebut dan radiografik terhadap panjang kerja aktual. Metode: Empat puluh gigi anterior rahang atas atau rahang bawah dipotong pada daerah servikal gigi. Dari arah labial, gigi dironsen untuk mengukur panjang kerja radiografik. Kemudian Semua gigi diukur dengan alat elektronik dua frekuensi dan multifrekuensi. Kemudian gigi dibelah dua vertikal dan diukur panjang aktual gigi. Kemudian data dianalisis dengan uji statistik chi-square dan kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Alat elektronik pengukur panjang kerja mempunyai ketepatan lebih baik dari radiografik dengan hasil berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan: Alat elektronik memiliki ketepatan lebih baik dari radiografik.

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Multifrequency Electronic root canal length measurement device is the one that comes after two frequencies based device.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of the two electronic root canal length measurement device and radiographic with the actual working length.

Methods: Forty maxillary or mandibular anterior extracted teeth were sectioned at the cervical area. All samples were exposed with x-ray to measure radiographic working length. All samples then were measured with two frequencies and multifrequency electronic root canal length measurement device. To confirm the actual length of the teeth all samples were sectioned vertically. Then the data were analyzed by chi-square statistical test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

Results: Electronic root canal length measurement devices accuracy are better than radiographic with significantly different results.

Conclusion: Electronic device has an accuracy of better than radiographic."

"Latar Belakang: Virus dengan gejala pneumonia berat teridentifikasi di Wuhan, Cina sebagai virus COVID-19. Sulitnya pemutusan rantai infeksi COVID-19 mengancam seluruh dunia dan dinyatakan sebagai pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Akhirnya, berbagai layanan esensial negara seperti pengobatan gigi dan mulut terpaksa dibatasi aktivitasnya sebagai upaya pengendalian infeksi. Namun, rasa sakit yang tidak dapat tertahankan seperti kegawatdaruratan endodontik tidak bisa dihindari dan membutuhkan pertolongan segera. Selama pandemi, RSKGM FKG UI sebagai pusat rujukan pelayanan kedokteran gigi tetap beroperasi dengan memperketat rangkaian pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. Maka, identifikasi dan evaluasi kasus kegawatdaruratan endodontik sebelum dengan selama pandemi di RSKGM FKG UI dilakukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi kegawatdaruratan endodontik di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dan analitik komparatif kategorik menggunakan data sekunder rekam medik.Hasil: Terdapat 315 kasus kegawatdaruratan endodontik dengan 111 kasus ditemukan sebelum pandemi dan 204 kasus ditemukan selama pandemi. Terdapat dominasi pada kelompok usia produktif, jenis kelampin perempuan, dan tindakan PSA sebelum dan selama pandemi yang diiringi dengan perbedaan dominasi diagnosis kasus, yaitu acute apical abscess sebelum pandemi dan symptomatic irreversible pulpitis selama pandemi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara diagnosis acute apical abscess dengan symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (p-value <0,05) dan perbedaan tidak bermakna antara tindakan perawatan kegawatdaruratan endodontik sebelum dengan selama pandemi.Kesimpulan: Terjadi peningkatan kasus kegawatdaruratan endodontik selama pandemi COVID-19 yang diiringi dengan penurunan arus kunjungan departemen konservasi.

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Background: Virus with symptoms of severe pneumonia was identified in Wuhan, China as COVID-19 virus. The difficulties in controlling the COVID-19 transmission have led to a pandemic which was declared on March 11, 2020. Various essential sectors of the country been restricted at last to control virus transmission. However, intolerable pain such as endodontic emergency is unavoidable and requires immediate help. During the pandemic, RSKGM FKG UI continues to operate as referral centre for dental services by tightening the health protocol. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and evaluate endodontic emergency cases before and during pandemic era at RSKGM FKG UI.

Objective: This study aims to determine the distribution and frequency of endodontic emergency cases in RSKGM FKG UI before and during pandemic era of COVID-19.

Methods: Retrospective descriptive and comparative analytical study is done using secondary data found in patient’s medical record.

Results: There were 315 cases of endodontic emergency with 111 cases found before the pandemic and 204 cases found during the pandemic. Case was dominated by productive age, female, and root canal treatment group before and during pandemic followed by acute apical abscess domination before pandemic and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis domination during pandemic. There was significant difference between acute apical abscess group and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis group (p-value <0,05) accompanied by no significant difference between treatment group before and during pandemic.

Conclusion: Collected data showed an increased cases of endodontic emergencies accompanied by decreased flow of regular visitors at conservative department."

"Pemasangan implan gigi sudah dilakukan di Klinik Periodonsia Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Indonesia sejak tahun 2009. Evaluasi jangka panjang kondisi klinis implan gigi belum pernah dilakukan di RSKGM FKG UI dan Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kondisi klinis jaringan peri-implan paska perawatan implan gigi di Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode pemasangan tahun 2009-2014. Metode Penelitian: Subjek terdiri dari 11 pasien dengan 29 implan gigi. Pemeriksaan klinis terdiri dari pemeriksaan indeks kebersihan mulut, kegoyangan implan gigi, kedalaman probing, resesi gingiva, kehilangan perlekatan klinis dan perdarahan gingiva. Hasil: Kegoyangan implan gigi tidak ditemukan. Perdarahan gingiva terdapat pada 72,4 implan gigi. Rerata kedalaman probing 3,97 1,35 mm, resesi gingiva 0,45 0,57 mm, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis 0,62 0,82 mm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kedalaman probing, kehilangan perlekatan klinis dan perdarahan gingiva berdasarkan indeks kebersihan mulut yang berbeda, namun terdapat perbedaan resesi gingiva berdasarkan indeks kebersihan mulut yang berbeda. Kesimpulan: Evaluasi klinis jaringan peri-implan memberikan hasil yang baik.

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Dental implant treatment has been done in Periodontal Clinic Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Indonesia since 2009. There is no long term clinical evaluation of dental implant in RSKGM FKG UI and Indonesia.

Aim: To evaluate the peri implant tissue after dental implant placement in Periodontal Clinic RSKGM FKG UI 2009 2014.

Method: There were 11 patients with 29 dental implants. Clinical evaluation consists of oral hygiene measurement, mobility test, probing measurement, gingival bleeding test, and measurement of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss.

Results: There was no implant mobility. Gingival bleeding found in 72,4 of the dental implant. The mean probing depth 3,97 1,35 mm, gingival recession 0,45 0,57 mm, and clinical attachment loss 0,62 0,82mm. There was no statistical difference in probing depth, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding compared with different oral hygiene, but there was statistical difference in gingival recession compared with different oral hygiene.

Conclusion: Clinical evaluation of peri implant tissue showed good condition. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Perawatan implan dental sudah berkembang menjadi pilihan yang dapat diterima luas masyarakat. Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedoketran Gigi Universitas Indonesia sudah melaksanakan perawtan implan gigi sejak tahun 2009 dan belum ada evaluasi mengenai implan gigi tersebut. Porphyromonas gingivalis diketahui menjadi salah satu bakteri yang sering digunakan dalam evaluasi jaringan periimplan. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi jaringan periimplan melalui kuantifikasi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material dan metode: Dua puluh sembilan sampel implan gigi, lima sampel gigi sehat serta tujuh sampel periodontitis diambil plak subgingiva untuk menghitung Porphyromonas gingivalis melalui Real Time PCR. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kuantitatif P. gingivalis pada sampel periimplan dengan gigi sehat. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kuantitatif P. gingivalis periimplan dengan sampel periodontitis. Kesimpulan: Kuantitatif P.gingivalis gigi sehat menyerupai dengan level kuantitatif pada jaringan periimplan.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dental implants has an excellent results in terms of survival and success rates of oral rehabilitation. Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Indonesia (RSKGM FKG UI) is one of leading dental hospital which offer dental implant since 2009 and yet there is no evaluation of dental implant treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate periimplant tissue by quantification of bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis. Materials and Methods: Twenty nine samples periimplant were taken from patient in Periodontal Clinic RSKGM FKG UI. All implants were placed from 2009-2014. Plaque samples were obtained in each dental implant using implant probe. Baseline group was measured in healthy teeth and periodontitis teeth which samples plaque were also taken respectively. All samples were subjected to microbiological analysis using quantification of bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis with real time PCR. Results: There were no significant differences in number of P. gingivalis between the periimplant groups compared to healthy tooth group (P value >0.05). Meanwhile, there were significant differences between the periimplant group compared to periodontitis teeth (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Quantification of P.gingivalis in periimplant has a similar result to healthy teeth."