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"In keeping with the growing emphasis on psychiatry in the medical school curriculum, problem-based learning (PBL) offers students a unique patient-centred, multidisciplinary approach to study and the synthesis of knowledge.The new 2nd edition of Problem-Based Behavioral Science and Psychiatry integrates DSM-5 updates and diagnostic criteria, and is fully consistent with PBL models and methods. Building on the strengths of the popular and widely downloaded 1st edition, the 2nd edition is a clinically robust resource for both the medical and the behavioral science student. Over 40 contributors, many themselves graduates of PBL medical schools, apply problem-based learning methods to specific psychiatric disorders, general clinical issues, and bedrock physician skills such as the intake interview and treatment planning.The book’s fictional case vignettes illustrated typical patient scenarios, providing real-world context for content areas, and accompanying case diagrams show the relationships between patient behaviour and underlying neurobiological structures. Each student-friendly section ends with helpful review questions."

"Latar Belakang: Umpan balik membantu mahasiswa mencapai tujuan pembelajaran dan membantu staf pengajar menjamin pencapaian sasaran pembelajaran oleh mahasiswa. Berdasarkan penelitian, perbedaan persepsi mengenai umpan balik antara staf pengajar dan mahasiswa dapat menghambat proses pemberian dan penerimaan umpan balik. Sampai saat ini belum diketahui proses pemberian dan penerimaan umpan balik dalam diskusi Problem Based Learning (PBL) di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Abulyatama, sehingga perlu dilakukan eksplorasi mengenai gambaran keseluruhan pemberian dan penerimaan umpan balik pada tutor dan mahasiswa tahap pre-klinik. Pemberian umpan balik konstruktif dapat memotivasi mahasiswa, memperbaiki kinerja dan mempersiapkan diri untuk masuk ke tahap klinik. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan rancangan fenomenologi. Pengambilan data menggunakan focus group discussion (FGD) pada tutor dan mahasiswa pra klinik serta observasi kegiatan diskusi PBL dengan menggunakan daftar tilik. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis data kualitatif ditemukan tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian umpan balik oleh tutor, yaitu; 1) Tutor kurang memahami materi pembelajaran, 2) Sikap tutor yang tidak peduli terhadap diskusi, 3) Tidak memiliki waktu untuk memberikan umpan balik. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi diterima atau tidaknya umpan balik oleh mahasiswa yaitu; 1) Sikap tutor (ramah, arogan dan tidak peduli) selama diskusi PBL, 2) Karakter mahasiswa (dapat menerima dan tidak dapat menerima umpan balik negatif) , 3) Reaksi afektif, 4) Self assessment, 5) Kepercayaan mahasiswa terhadap staf pengajar kurang dan 6) Umpan balik tidak spesifik. Kesimpulan : Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pemberian umpan balik harus mendapat perhatian khusus dari tutor agar umpan balik yang diberikan dapat ditanggapi oleh mahasiswa. Tutor dan mahasiswa sepakat bahwa umpan balik konstruktif dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa

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Background: Feedback should help student to achieve learning objectives and teacher to ensure achievement of learning objectives by student. Based on the research, the different perceptions about feedback between teachers and students can obstruct the process of delivering and receiving the feedback process. Hitherto, the process of delivering and receiving feedback in Problem Based Learning discussion at the Medical School of University of Abulyatama is not known yet. Thus, an exploration of the overall picture of delivering and receiving feedback to the tutors and the students of preclinical stage is necessary. The delivery of constructive feedback should be able to motivate students in improving their performance and prepare them to enter the Clinical Stage.

Method : This study used qualitative research methods with phenomenology study. Data was retrieved trough focus group discussion (FGD) on tutors and students and observation of PBL discussions using a checklist.

Result: Based on the qualitative data analysis it is found that three influential factors for the delivery of feedback are 1) Incomprehension of tutors upon the learning material, 2) Lack of attention on discussion, 3) Lack of time to deliver the feedback. Whereas, factors that influenced whether or not feedback was received by the students are 1) Attitude of tutors (friendly, arrogant and careless) during discussion, 2) Students’ characteristic (can or cannot receive negative feedback), 3) Affective reaction, 4) Self-assessment, 5) Lack of trust on the tutors, and 6) General feedback.

Conclusion : Factors that influence the delivery of feedback should gain special attention from the tutors, so that students can receive the feedback given. Tutors and students agree that constructive feedback can improve students’ learning motivation."

"Latar belakang: Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah atau Problem-based Learning (PBL) merupakan suatu pendekatan yang efektif dalam student-centered learning. Melalui metode PBL, mahasiswa diharapkan lebih Siap untuk belajar mandiri. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau (FK Unri) Pekanbaru telah melaksanakan metode PBL sejak tahun 2004. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode PBL terhadap kesiapan belajar mandiri pada rnahasiswa FK Unri. Mctode: Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner terhadap mahasiswa FK Unri yang belum maupun yang sudah mengikuti metode PBL. dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2007. Subjek penelitian diambil Secara acak dari kedua jenis populasi yang terdiri dari 40 orang mahasiswa yang belum mengikuti metode PBL. dan 40 orang mahasiswa yang sudah mengikuti metode PBL. Kesiapan belajar mandiri mahasiswa dinilai dengan menggunakan skala Fisher. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi Cox. Hasil: Dari 80 kuesioner yang dianalisis. sebagian besar subjek adalah perempuan (62,5%), berasal dari SMA dalam kota (80,0%), mempunyai waktu belajar yang cukup (58,8%), mempunyai sumber belajar yang mcmadai (86.3%) dan linggal di tcmpat kos (60,0%). Subjek yang mempunyai kesiapan belajar mandiri sebanyak 6l,3%. Subjek yang sudah mengikuti metode PBL mempunyai kesiapan belajar mandiri 1.96 kali Iebih siap jika dibandingkan dengan subjek yang belum mengikuti metode PBL (risiko relatif suaian 1,96; 95% interval kepercayaan = L30 ~ 2,94; P = 0.00l). Kesimpulan: Kesiapan belajar mandiri pada mahasiswa Fl( Unri dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan metode PBL.

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Background: Problem-based Learning (PBL) is an effective approach to promote student-centered learning. Students were thought to be more prepared in conducting self-directed learning by implementation of PBL Faculty of Medicine University of Riau has implemented PBL since 2004. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of PBL on self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) among students in Faculty of' Medicine University of Riau.

Methods: The research was a cross sectional study using self report questionnaires obtained from both PBL students and non-PBL students. conducted in July 2007. Fourty students from each group were randomly selected. The SDLR was assessed using Fisher scale. Data analysis was carried out using Cox regression.

Result: The response rate of the questionnaire was l00%. The result revealed the characteristics of participants which are female (62.5%), originated from city high school (80.0%), had adequate study time (S8.8%), had adequate learning resources (86.3%) and stayed in student dormitory (60.0%). Among 61 3% of' the participants showed readiness in conducting se|t`-directed learning. The PBL students had the readiness more likely two times higher than the non-PBL students (adjusted relative risk 1.96: 95% confidence interval = 1.30 - 194; P = 0.00l).

Conclusion: Self-directed learning readiness among students in Faculty of Medicine University of Riau can be increased by PBL."

"Developed in the context of health sciences education in the late 1960s, problem-based learning (PBL) is now widely deployed as an education methodology. Its problem-solving, collaborative, student-centred ethos is seen as a more appropriate system of pedagogy than earlier ?chalk-and-talk? modes. Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education. The work has a dual emphasis, research-driven on the one hand, while on the other assessing new methodologies to explore how problem-based curricula support the achievement of students? learning outcomes in the context of clinical education."

"Latar belakang: Pergeseran teori motivasi kuantitas menjadi kualitas, yaitu self-determination theory (SDT) telah merubah paradigma staf pengajar pendidikan kedokteran tentang motivasi. Menurut SDT, motivasi otonomi (MO) merupakan variabel penting dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik mahasiswa kedokteran dan MO sangat berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan atau dilemahkan oleh hubungan interpersonal antara tutor dengan mahasiswa selama proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian untuk merumuskan hubungan motivasi otonomi dan dukungan otonomi tutor dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa kedokteran. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilaksanakan di FK-UPH pada bulan Januari-Maret 2016 dan melibatkan seluruh angkatan 2015 (total sampling) yang mengikuti diskusi tutorial problem-based learning Blok Fundamental Medical Science (FMS). Data motivasi otonomi dan dukungan otonomi tutor diperoleh dari Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire dan Learning Climate Questionnaire. Data prestasi akademik mahasiswa didapat dari nilai ujian FMS (multiple choice questions). Hasil: Data yang diperoleh secara lengkap sejumlah 199 orang. Penelitian menunjukkan 79,4% mahasiswa memiliki MO dan mendapat dukungan otonomi tutor yang tinggi, yaitu sebesar 5,22 dari total skor 7. Hasil analisis regresi linier multipel menunjukkan peningkatan MO mahasiswa sejalan dengan peningkatan prestasi akademik mahasiswa. Kedua, prestasi akademik mahasiswa akan menurun jika mendapat peningkatan dukungan otonomi tutor. Ketiga, terdapat hubungan MO dan dukungan otonomi tutor secara bersamaan terhadap prestasi akademik. Kesimpulan: Motivasi otonomi dan dukungan otonomi tutor berperan menentukan prestasi akademik mahasiswa. Namun, dukungan otonomi tutor tanpa disertai structure kepada mahasiswa dengan latar belakang pendidikan teacher-centered dan keterampilan belajar mandiri yang rendah dapat menurunkan prestasi akademik mahasiswa.

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Background: A transformation in motivation theory from quantity to quality, such as self-determination theory (SDT) has changed the paradigm of medical educators. In accordance with SDT, autonomous motivation (AM) is an important variable in improving medical students? academic achievement and AM has a possibility to be augmented or diminished by interpersonal relationships between tutors and students during learning activities. This study is aimed to assess the relationship between AM and tutors? autonomy support with students? academic achievement.

Methods: This study was conducted between January 2016 and March 2016 at the UPH medical school; and all medical students from 2015 class (total sampling) participated in problem-based learning tutorial discussion for Fundamental Medical Science (FMS) Block. Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Learning Climate Questionnaire were distributed to assess students? AM and tutors? autonomy support. Students? academic achievement data was obtained from the score of FMS assessment (multiple choice questions).

Results: The final data was completed by 199 students. About 79,4% of the students were autonomously motivated and the score of perceived tutors? autonomy support was high (5.22 out of 7). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that first, AM was consistent with students? academic achievement. Second, the augmentation of tutors? autonomy support resulted in the diminished students? academic achievement. Third, there was a concurrent association between AM and tutors? autonomy support with academic achievement.

Conclusion: Students? autonomous motivation and tutors? autonomy support are necessary for academic achievement. However, tutors? autonomy support itself without structure will diminish students? academic achievement especially in students with teacher-centered educational background and poor self-regulated learning skills."