Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Kekurangan zat gizi di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah di berbagai kalangan usia termasuk usia anak sekolah. Kekurangan gizi pada anak usia sekolah terjadi akibat kurangnya keragaman pangan dan asupan zat gizi makro yang dapat mengakibatkan efek siklik kurang gizi dikehidupan selanjutnya. Kabupaten Lebak merupakan kabupaten peringkat ke-2 tertinggi kasus balita gizi buruk di Provinsi Banten pada tahun 2016, dan Provinsi Banten merupakan provinsi dengan kasus gizi kurang tertinggi di Pulau Jawa pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi berdasarkan Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), kecukupan zat gizi makro, karakteristik anak (usia, jenis kelamin), karakteristik ibu (usia kehamilan, usia ibu saat hamil), karakteristik keluarga (penghasilan orangtua, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu) faktor orang tua (pendidikan ayah dan pendidikan ibu), riwayat penyakit infeksi, riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan desain studi cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 137 siswa yang diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 20,5% siswa memiliki status gizi kurang. Adanya hubungan signifikan antara DDS OR 2,582 (95%CI: 1,082-6,163) dan kecukupan lemak OR 3,638 (95%CI: 1,010-13,10) dengan status gizi kurang. Kecukupan lemak merupakan faktor dominan determinan status gizi kurang.

---

Lack of nutrients in Indonesia is still a problem in various age groups, including school-age children. Thinness in school-age children occurs due to lack of food diversity and macronutrients intake. Thinness can lead to a cyclical effect of malnutrition in later life. Lebak Regency is the district with the 2nd highest number of severe underweight cases in Banten Province in 2016, and Banten is the province with the highest thinness cases in Java Island in 2018. This study aims to determine the relationship of thinness based on the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), macronutrient adequacy, child characteristics (age, gender), maternal characteristics (gestational age, maternal age at pregnancy), sociodemographic characteristics (parental income, father's education, mother's education) parental factors (father's and mother's education), history of infectious disease and exclusive breastfeeding. This study uses secondary data and a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 137 students taken using the purposive sampling method. The study was conducted through quantitative analysis with univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression. 20.5% of students were thinness and severe thinness. There is a significant relationship between dietary diversity score OR 2,582 (95%CI: 1,082-6,163) and adequacy of fat intake OR 3,638 (95%CI: 1,010-13,10) with thinness. Adequacy of fat intake is the dominant factor in thinness.

"

"ABSTRAKPengukuran VO2max secara langsung memang menghasilkan data yang akurat dan dapat dipercaya tetapi umumnya memerlukan waktu lebih banyak, peralatan yang mahal serta tenaga pelaksana terlatih. Penelitian sebelumnya telah berhasil mengembangkan model prediksi khusus untuk anak-anak dari etnis Jawa berdasarkan jenis kelamin, denyut nadi dan waktu tempuh berjalan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model prediksi yang cocok bagi kelompok usia remaja dengan prediktor jenis kelamin, status gizi (IMT/U dan PLT), aktivitas fisik dan asupan gizi. Penelitian dilakukan pada 78 remaja laki-laki dan 114 remaja perempuan dengan rata-rata usia 16,19±0,5 tahun. Nilai estimasi VO2max diukur berdasarkan tes lari 1 mil, jenis kelamin, IMT/U ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, PLT diukur dengan BIA, aktivitas fisik diketahui melalui pengisian kuesioner, dan asupan gizi dihitung dengan menggunakan metode food record 3 hari. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin, IMT/U, persen lemak tubuh, aktivitas fisik, seluruh asupan zat gizi makro (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak) dan beberapa asupan zat gizi mikro (vitamin B2, vitamin B6 dan seng) dengan nilai estimasi VO2max. Model prediksi non latihan dibentuk melalui analisis multi regresi linier VO2max= 40,7 + 3,1 JK - 2,5 IMT/U - 0,08 PLT + 0,4 AF - 0,004 P + 0,001 A - 1,76 B6 - 0,2 B12 + 0,5 Zn. Untuk meningkatkan nilai VO2max pada remaja, sekolah direkomendasikan untuk mengimplementasikan program TOP yang kegiatannya berfok us pada kegiatan pengendalian berat badan, peningkatan aktivitas fisik, dan promosi asupan yang bergizi seimbang.

---

ABSTRACTA direct measurement on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) provides accurate and reliable data but requires more time, costly aquipment and trained personnel. Previous research has developed a VO2max prediction model special for Javanese children using sex, heart rate and walk time.The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of gender, nutritional status (body mass index for age and percent fat), physical activity level, and dietary intake in another VO2max prediction model for adolescent. The design study was a cross sectional one. Subjects were 78 male and 114 female wih a mean age of 16,19±0,5 years. Estimated VO2max was measured from one mile run test; sex; BMI for age was calculated from measured height and weight, percent fat was assessed by BIA, self report physical activity was assessed by PAQ-A and 3 day food records were used to calculate the average dietary intake. Male students (42,45 ml/kg/min) had significantly higher estimated VO2max than female (38,74 ml/kg/min). There were significant correlations between sex, BMI for age, percent fat, physical activity, all macronutrient intake (energi, carbohydrat, protein, and fat) and some micronutrient intake (vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and zinc) with estimated VO2max. The non-exercise prediction model was developed by a multiple regression analysis: VO2max= 40,7+3,1 JK-2,5 IMT/U-0,08 PLT + 0,4 AF-0,004 P + 0,001 A-1,76 B6-0,2 B12+0,5 Zn. In order to improve adolescent?s VO2max, school was recomended to implement TOP program focused on weight management, increased physical activity and promoted adequate dietary intake."

"Penggunaan kader merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengatasi kekurangan jumlah tenaga kesehatan di negara berkembang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggali faktor yang berhubungan dengan capacity building kader dalam memberikan edukasi. Masalah yang berhubungan dengan praktek kader dalam memberikan edukasi antara lain kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan komunikasi, perbedaan persepsi mengenai peran edukasi, dan kurangnya kepercayaan diri. Karakteristik kader, kebutuhan personal, manajemen organisasi, supervisi, dan persepsi pengasuh terhadap kader merupakan faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan praktek pemberian edukasi oleh kader. Faktor-faktor tersebut perlu diperhatikan dalam proses capacity building kader, dengan pengayaan konten mengenai manajemen diet pada anak diare dan komunikasi sebaya, dan dengan menerapkan metode belajar dari pengalaman.

---

Cadres have been identified as one of the key strategies to address health workers shortage in developing countries. This study aimed to explore factors related to cadres capacity building on giving education. It was revealed that cadres had lack of knowledge and communication skills, different perceived role toward education practice, and low self-efficacy. Cadre's characteristics, personal needs, organizational management, supervision, and caregivers' perception toward cadres were the main factors related to cadres practice on giving education. Those factors should be addressed during capacity building process through enrichment of capacity building contents on knowledge about dietary management of child illness during diarrhea and peer communication, and by applying experiencebased learning as capacity building methods."

"It is well accepted that dietary imbalances inflict a substantial burden of illness on Filipinos. Persistent nutritional problems in the Philippines such as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and other nutritional deficiencies greatly affect many infants and young children (Florentino, 1996). Results of the Philippine Nationwide Nutrition Survey in 1998 revealed various degrees of malnutrition assessed through clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Iron-deficiency anemia is highly prevalent especially among infants, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. The incidence of anemia is 56.6% for infants, 50.3% and 45.7% for pregnant and lactating women, respectively and 49.1% and 39.2% for elderly male and female, respectively. Prevalence rate of anemia for all age groups is 30.6% which is higher than the 1993 rate of 28.9%. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a public health problem in the country. Vitamin A deficiency among children is widespread throughout the country. The most greatly affected groups by vitamin A deficiency are the children and pregnant women. About 8 out of every 10 children are vitamin A-deficient. About 7 out of every 100 pregnant women are vitamin A .-deficient This prevalence is higher than the 1993 V AD rate of 3 out of every 100 pregnant women. About one-third of the Filipino population is at risk to iodine deficiency disorders (MD). While the overall prevalence of iodine deficiency in the Philippines is mild, 40% of children have moderate to severe iodine deficiency disorders. About 3 out of every 10 children have moderate to severe iodine deficiency disorders. Over the years, the Filipino diet is composed mainly of rice and fish with some vegetables. Changes in the consumption amounts of these foods and the corresponding nutrient intake of Filipinos have been observed through the years. (Villavieja, 1993). In the Philippines, the nutrition concern is a matter of national policy. The Philippine Government is committed to ensuring the nutritional adequacy among its population. The history of the recommendation to increase the variety of foods in Filipino diets as means to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients dates back in the late 40s. This was the first set of dietary guidelines for Filipinos known as the "Basic Six Food Groups" formulated by the then Institute of Nutrition (IN), now the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). Later, the Basic Six Food Groups was revised into "Your Guide to Good Nutrition" same six groups were re-grouped according to the three basic functions of food in the body, namely: energy-giving foods, body-building foods, and regulating foods. This guide was essentially the practical translation of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in the form of functional groupings of foods together with the recommended amounts designed to supply all the nutrients that the body needs. In 1990, the first Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos was formulated by a committee spearheaded by FNRL The Nutritional Guidelines was not intended to replace the Guide to Good Nutrition but to offer a broader guideline for nutritional health. For broader guidance on nutrition and health, the FNRI initiated the development of a new food guide " the Philippine Food Guide Pyramid". "

"Di Indonesia, defisiensi makronutrien (stunting, wasting, dan underweight) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan. Salah satu penyebab dari stunting, wasting, dan underweight adalah kurang beragamnya diet yang dikonsumsi, yang dapat diukur dengan indikator dietary diversity score. Penelitian cross- sectional ini meneliti data sekunder, yang melibatkan sebanyak 85 subjek usia 24—36 bulan di kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Riwayat asupan makan didata menggunakan 24-hour recall, yang akan digunakan untuk menghitung dietary diversity score. Status gizi diukur berdasarkan nilai skor Z dari height- for-age, weight-for-age, dan weight-for-height. Pada hasil, didapatkan mayoritas subjek memiliki DDS sedang (54,1%). Prevalensi subjek dengan stunting, underweight, dan wasting, secara berturut-turut adalah 36,5%, 29,4%, dan 7,1%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara DDS dengan stunting, underweight, ataupun wasting. Melalui analisis multivariat, terdapat dua faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan stunting, yakni jenis kelamin (p=0,025) dan tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,047). Sebagai kesimpulan, selain keragaman pangan, terdapat beberapa faktor lain yang memengaruhi status gizi anak, seperti jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan ibu. Oleh sebab itu, pemberian edukasi kepada ibu terhadap diet anak yang sehat dapat menjadi suatu bentuk tindakan pencegahan terhadap undernutrition.

---

In Indonesia, macronutrient deficiency (stunting, wasting, and underweight) is still a health problem. One of the causes of stunting, wasting, and underweight is the lack of variety in the diet consumed, which can be measured by an indicator called dietary diversity score. This cross-sectional study examined a secondary data, involving 85 subjects aged 24—36 months in Kampung Melayu sub-district, East Jakarta. Food intake history was recorded using 24-hour recall, which will be used to calculate the dietary diversity score. Nutritional status was measured based on the Z score of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for- height. As a result, majority of subjects had medium DDS (54.1%). The prevalence of subjects with stunting, underweight, and wasting was 36.5%, 29.4%, and 7.1%, respectively. There is no significant relationship between DDS and stunting, underweight, or wasting. Through multivariate analysis, there were two factors that were significantly associated to stunting, which are gender (p=0.025) and mother's education level (p=0.047). In conclusion, in addition to food diversity, there are many other factors that influence the nutritional status of children, such as gender and maternal education. Therefore, providing education to mothers about a healthy child's diet can be used as a form of preventive action against undernutrition."

"Keberhasilan terapi hemodialisis (HD) dapat terhambat dengan adanya malnutrisi atau Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) akibat asupan gizi kurang, abnormalitas metabolisme terutama asam amino, fungsi residual ginjal dan dosis dialisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian edukasi dan konseling gizi intensif terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku kepatuhan diet dan status gizi pasien HD. Lokasi penelitian untuk pengambilan data kelompok perlakuan di Unit Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih dan untuk kelompok kontrol di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Pondok Kopi. Penelitian menggunakan randomized pretest-posttest control group design dengan sampel 77 pasien (38 orang pria (50.6%) dan 39 orang wanita (49.4%)), rata-rata usia 46.71 ± 9.40 tahun. Didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan (p=0,0001) dan sikap (p = 0,0001) serta profil perilaku kepatuhan diet lebih baik (p = 0,0001). Intervensi ini efektif meningkatkan asupan energi (p = 0,012) dan lemak (p = 0,0001) serta selisih akhir asupan protein dan asupan karbohidrat lebih tinggi meskipun belum signifikan(p= 0,102 dan 0,091). Peningkatan IMT perlakuan lebih tinggi (0,25 + 0,27 vs 0,18 + 0,18 kg/m2) meskipun tidak signifikan (p = 0,744 & 0,856). Rata-rata LLA cenderung tetap (Δ 0.00 + 0,13 cm, p = 1,000), sementara kelompok kontrol menurun (-0.24 + 0.01cm, p=0,789). Rata-rata trisep skinfold cenderung meningkat sementara kelompok kontrol cenderung menurun (Δ 0.44 + 0.11 mm vs -0.24 + 0.02 mm, p= 0,737, 0,880). Terjadi peningkatan rata-rata persentase lemak total pada kedua kelompok, dan peningkatan pada kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi (0.79 + 1.93% vs 0.23 + 0.87%), meskipun belum signifikan(p=0.913 dan 0,766). Rata-rata massa otot kedua kelompok menurun dan penurunan kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi (-0.36 + 0.30 kg dan -0.31 + 0.66 kg, p=0.894 dan 0,874). Rata-rata persentase cairan tubuh total kelompok perlakuan menurun dan penurunan kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi (-0.56 + 1.31% vs -0.52 + 4.39%) meskipun belum signifikan (p=0.813 dan 0,644). Status hidrasi pasien sangat fluktuatif dan memungkinkan pengaruh terhadap estimasi komposisi tubuh dalam penelitian ini. Edukasi dan konseling gizi intensif terbukti efektif dalam peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku diet, signifikan terhadap asupan energi dan lemak, profil asupan protein dan karbohidrat yang lebih baik meskipun belum bermakna, profil IMT, LLA dan trisep skinfold serta massa otot dan persentase cairan yang lebih baik dibanding kelompok kontrol meskipun belum signifikan.

---

The effectiveness of haemodialysis could inhibited by dietary nonadherence mainly due to lack of protein and energy intake that caused Protein Energy Wasting (PEW). PEW also caused by poor nutrient intake, abnormal nutrient metabolism (amino acids), renal residual function and dialysis dose. We studied impact of education and intensive nutrition counseling on hemodialysis patient's knowledge, attitude, dietary compliance and nutritional status. The study was conducted at Jakarta Islamic Hospital region of Cempaka Putih and Pondok Kopi. The study used random pretest-posttest control group design and of 77 patients, 38 were man (50.6%) and 39 were woman (49.4%), the mean of age was 46.71 ± 9.40 years old. There were increased knowledge (p = 0.0001), increased attitudes (p= 0.0001) and better diet compliance profile (p=0.0001). The intervention was significantly effective on increasing intake of energy (p=0.012), fat (p=0,0001), and higher difference in protein intake and carbohydrate intake but not significant (p=0,102 and 0,091). There was increase but not significant in BMI (0,25 + 0,27 vs 0,18 + 0,18 kg/m2, p = 0,744 and 0,856) and tricep skinfold (Δ 0.44 + 0.11mm vs -0.24 + 0.02 mm, p= 0,737 and 0,880). There was no improvement in MUAC (Δ 0.00 + 0,13 cm, p = 1,000) but decrease in control group (-0.24 + 0.01cm, p=0,789) eventhough not significant. Despite these are not statistically significant, there were improvement on percentage total fat (0.23 + 0.87% + 0.79 + 1.93% vs p=0.913 and 0,766), declining on muscle mass (-0.31 + 0.66 kg -dan 0.36 + 0.30 kg, p=0.894 and 0,874) and declining on percentage body water (-0.56 + 1.31% vs -0.52 + 4.39%, p=0.813 dan 0,644). The patient's hydration status was highly fluctuate and allows an influence on body composition estimates in this study. Education and intensive nutrition counselling was found to be effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, diet compliance behavior profile, significant improving energy and fat intake. In addition the intervention of this study provides a better profile of protein and carbohydrate intake, a better profile of BMI, MUAC, tricep skinfold, muscle mass, and percentage body water although not significant yet."