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"The objectives of this studv are to answer the following (i) doesaccess to credit for women change their status within the household witheffects for their work choices (on-farm work vs. off-warm self-employment).(ii) does the impact of access to credit on work choices differ by theheadship status of the household, and (iii) does this effect differ by sourceof credit (formal credit vs informal credit)? Access to credit is defined as ovariable that positively affects women is statues and decision making powerswithin the household by increasing their level of economic activity andgiving them independent access to resources. This study differentiatesbetween access to credit and participation in a credit program, A non-participating household that has access can still benefit as it can take onactivities that are risky but yield a high return. The on-farm and off-farm participation decisions of married men and women and female heads are estimated through discrete models using data from rural Malawi. Theestimation procedure accounts for endogeny of access to credit to tireparticipation decisions."

"ABSTRAKTren global saat ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan partisipasi tenaga kerja wanita. Walaupun dalam Al-Quran Islam menyarankan agar wanita lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu di rumah, namun Islam sendiri pada dasarnya tidak melarang wanita muslim untuk bekerja. Bagi wanita muslim yang relijius, maka ia dia akan memilih untuk tidak bekerja dan kalaupun memilih bekerja akan memilih berwirausaha dibandingkan menjadi karyawan sehingga membuatnya bisa menyeimbangkan kewajibannya dalam keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah relijiusitas Islam mempengaruhi keputusan seorang wanita muslim untuk berwirausaha. Dengan sampel 6637 wanita wanita muslim dari data IFLS dan model probit, peneliti menemukan bahwa relijiusitas Islam signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan wanita muslim untuk bekerja di mana wanita muslim yang lebih relijius cenderung tidak bekerja dan jika mereka bekerja mereka akan memilih untuk berwirausaha. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya perbedaan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan wanita muslim berwirausaha di kota dan desa. Adanya pengaruh relijiusitas pada keputusan wanita muslim berwirausaha membuka peluang meningkatkan partisipasi tenaga kerja wanita muslim serta membutuhkan dukungan kebijakan yang memfasilitasi wanita muslim berwirausaha seperti akses modal melalui program pembiayaan.

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ABSTRACTCurrent global trends indicate an increase in female labor participation. Although in Al Quran Islam suggests that women spend more time at home, but Islam itself basically does not prohibit Muslim women to work. For a religious Muslim woman, she chooses not to work and if she chooses to work, she chooses entrepreneurship instead of being an employee to enable her to balance her obligations in the family. This study aims to determine whether the religiosity of Islam influence the decision of a Muslim woman to work and to choose self employment. With a sample of 6637 Muslim women from IFLS data and probit models, researchers found that the religiosity of Islam significantly influenced the decision of Muslim women to work where more religious Muslim women tended not to work and if they worked they would choose to become entrepreneur. In addition, there were differences in factors influencing the decision of Muslim women in entrepreneurship in cities and villages. The existence of the influence of religiosity on the decision of Muslim women self employment open the opportunity to increase the participation of Muslim women workers and require support policies that facilitate Muslim women entrepreneurship such as access to capital through a financing program."

"Delving into the effects of microfinance in both rural and urban communities, this book will be of interest to researchers of women studies, microfinance, and development economics."

"The purpose of this research is to investigate the careerorientations of educated and urban Indonesian women business executivesfollowing Darr's (1988) success mop. While research an women businessexecutives and their career orientation is extensive in developed countries,such research is scarce, if not none at all, in Indonesia. The country 'ssociety still holds deeply rooted beliefs' regarding the role of women athome and in the workplace. Such special pressure could make difficult foran Indonesian women to choose a career instead of a family, or tosuccessfully combine these two important pillars of her modern iU`e. Thisstudy investigated five research questions on the career successorientations of the Indonesian women business executives with i0 non-directional null hypotheses on a sample representation of 93 of thesewomen. The findings ore that the majority of the respondents are orientedto 'Getting balance '. This is a career success orientation concerned withmaintaining the balance between home, work and personal development.Careers as lived by their respondents in this study, therefore, may beremoved from the ideals portrayed in management career literature; inother words these respondents show 'no career' concerns for advancementin the corporate board-room."