Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This research was conducted to study the effect of the mixtures of sago waste and chicken excreta fermented utilization in rations on broiler performance, carcass physical quality as well as the meat chemical quality. The mixture of sago waste and chicken excreta was fermented in 48 hours using effective microorganism-4. The research was biological experiment using the respective fermented materials in broiler rations with level of 0% (R0), 4% (Rl), 8% (R2) and 12% (R3). Each dietary treatment had five replications of five broiler chickens each. Variables was observed were broiler performance (feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion), carcass physical quality (live weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat percentage) and chemical quality of meat (water contents, fat and protein). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance of one way Completely Randomized Design, and differences between means were tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that the use of fermented mixtures up to 8% in broiler rations had increased body weight, live weight and carcass percentage, and fat flesh content and it was better than birds receiving control ration. The use of 12% fermented materials in the ration had no significant effect on feed consumption, abdominal fat percentage, as well as water contents and protein of the flesh."

"Limbah pabrik tahu yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah limbah padat ampas tahu. Sebagai upaya minimisasi limbah pabrik tahu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh limbah ampas tahu dapat dimanfaatkan dalam ransum broiler, dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum, mortalitas, Income Over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC), dan efisiensi ekonomi ransum perlakuan. Limbah ampas tahu yang digunakan sebagai campuran pakan lain untuk menyusun ransum diperoleh dari salah satu pabrik tahu di Bogor.Seratus duapuluh ekor DOC broiler strain Shaver Starbro produksi PT. Cargill Indonesia, digunakan sebagai materi penelitian. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat ransum perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan mendapat tiga ulangan masing-masing menggunakan sepuluh ekor.Ransum perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu RO sebagai ransum kontrol, tanpa menggunakan limbah ampas tahu; R1 ransum dengan pemanfaatan 15 % limbah ampas tahu; R2 ransum dengan pemanfaatan 20 % limbah ampas tahu; dan R3 ransum dengan pemanfaatan 25 % limbah ampas tahu.Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum, dan berat badan akhir broiler.'Pengamatan juga dilakukan terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya kelainan-kelainan pada broiler dan tingkat mortalitas serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha pabrik tahu dalam pengelolaan limbah.Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa taraf pemanfaatan limbah ampas tahu dalam ransum sampai 20 % (R2) tidak nyata mempengaruhi pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, dan konversi ransum. Ransum ini merupakan ransum yang paling efisien dibandingkan dengan ransum perlakuan lainnya. ICFCC tertinggi diperoleh dari ransum kontrol tetapi tidak efisien, karena harga ransum yang terlalu tinggi.Dari pengamatan lapangan diketahui bahwa pengelolaan limbah ampas tahu tidak dilakukan dan ditangani sebagaimana mestinya. Sebagai industri kecil yang bersifat industri rumah tangga dengan modal relatif terbatas, pengetahuan mereka dalam pengelolaan limbah juga sangat terbatas.oleh sebab itu, pemanfaatan limbah ampas tahu dalam ransum broiler merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meminimisasi limbah dan dapat membantu peternak broiler dalam menekan biaya produksi, sehingga efisiensi produksi meningkat yang berarti meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Akhirnya, limbah padat ampas tahu dapat dimanfaatkan secara keseluruhan oleh peternak, khususnya peternak broiler dan dengan demikian membantu upaya minimisasi limbah pabrik tahu.Daftar Kepustakaan: 55 (1955 - 1994).

---

The Use of Soybean Curd by Product in Broilers' Diet to Minimize Waste Problems.The soybean cured by product used in this experiment was the solid soybean cured by product. In order to minimize the soybean curd industry wastes, a study was designed to obtain the optimum level of the soybean curd waste that could be utilized in broilers' diet, and its effect on the body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, Income Over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC) , and the economical efficiency of the treatment diets. The soybean curd waste used in the diet was obtained; from one of the soybean curd factories in Bogor.

One hundred twenty day-old chicks, Shaver Starbro strain produced by PT. Cargill Indonesia, were used in this study. The experimental design was a Completely

study. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design with four treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of three replicates with ten chicks in each replicate.

The treatment diets used in this experiment were RO a control diet with no soybean curd waste; R1 a diet containing 15 % soybean curd waste; R2 a diet containing 20 % soybean curd waste; and R3 a diet containing 25 % soybean curd waste.

The parameters measured were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and the final body weight of the broilers. Growth abnormalities, rate of mortality as well as the entrepreneurs' effort to overcome the soybean curd's wastes were also observed.

The results of this study showed that utilizing soybean curd waste in the diet up to 20 % (R2) did not significantly influence the body weight gain, feed consumption, as well as feed conversion. This diet was found to be the most efficient diet of all diets given in the treatment. The highest IOFCC was obtained from the control diet but this control diet was found to be inefficient, due to the high cost of the diet.

From the observations in the field it was found that the soybean curd wastes were not handled and treated scale-industries, mostly home industries with relatively small capitals, their knowledge in handling and treating the wastes were also limited.

It was therefore, the inclusion of soybean curd wastes in broilers' diet was apparently an alternative way to minimize the waste problem as this waste could help the broilers' farmers to lower the cost of production and therefore increase the production efficiency and eventually improve the farmers' income. Ultimately, the solid soybean cured by product could all be utilized by farmers particularly the broilers' farmers and therefore helped to minimize the wastes problems from the soybean cured home industries.

Total of References: 55 (1955 - 1994).

---

The Use of Soybean Curd by Product in Broilers' Diet to Minimize Waste Problems.The soybean cured by product used in this experiment was the solid soybean cured by product. In order to minimize the soybean curd industry wastes, a study was designed to obtain the optimum level of the soybean curd waste that could be utilized in broilers' diet, and its effect on the body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, Income Over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC) , and the economical efficiency of the treatment diets. The soybean curd waste used in the diet was obtained; from one of the soybean curd factories in Bogor.

One hundred twenty day-old chicks, Shaver Starbro strain produced by PT. Cargill Indonesia, were used in this study. The experimental design was a Completely study. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design with four treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of three replicates with ten chicks in each replicate.

The treatment diets used in this experiment were RO a control diet with no soybean curd waste; R1 a diet containing 15 % soybean curd waste; R2 a diet containing 20 % soybean curd waste; and R3 a diet containing 25 % soybean curd waste.

The parameters measured were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and the final body weight of the broilers. Growth abnormalities, rate of mortality as well as the entrepreneurs' effort to overcome the soybean curd's wastes were also observed.

The results of this study showed that utilizing soybean curd waste in the diet up to 20 % (R2) did not significantly influence the body weight gain, feed consumption, as well as feed conversion. This diet was found to be the most efficient diet of all diets given in the treatment. The highest IOFCC was obtained from the control diet but this control diet was found to be inefficient, due to the high cost of the diet.

From the observations in the field it was found that the soybean curd wastes were not handled and treated scale-industries, mostly home industries with relatively small capitals, their knowledge in handling and treating the wastes were also limited.

It was therefore, the inclusion of soybean curd wastes in broilers' diet was apparently an alternative way to minimize the waste problem as this waste could help the broilers' farmers to lower the cost of production and therefore increase the production efficiency and eventually improve the farmers' income. Ultimately, the solid soybean cured by product could all be utilized by farmers particularly the broilers' farmers and therefore helped to minimize the wastes problems from the soybean cured home industries.

Total of References: 55 (1955 - 1994)."

"Onggok merupakan limbah padat tapioka yang masih mengandung kadar pati tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai pakan. Namun alternatif tersebut mempunyai kendala karena onggok mempunyai kandungan protein rendah, dan serat kasarnya tinggi serta adanya sianida yang dapat menyebabkan keracunan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dilakukan perbaikan, misalnya melalui proses fermentasi menggunakan kapang Aspergillus niger UICC159 yang mampu memecah pati menjadi glukosa sebagai sumber karbonnya. Sedangkan sebagai sumber nitrogennya dapat digunakan campuran amonium sulfat dengan urea. Untuk mendapatkan produk fermentasi (biomassa) dengan kadar protein tinggi dilakukan variasi ketebalan media (1, 2, dan 3 cm), kadar air (30, 40, dan 50%), serta perbandingan amonium sulfat dengan urea (1:4; 2:3; 3:2; dan 4:1). Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada ketebalan media 2 cm, kadar air 30% dan perbandingan amonium sulfat dan urea 1:4. Biomasa yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan protein 10,05%, lemak kasar 3,60%, serat kasar 19,00%, dan energi metabolis kimiawi 2806,10 kkal/kg serta energi metabolis biologis 3140,00 kkal/kg."

"Onggok merupakan limbah padat tapioka yang masih mengandung kadar pati tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai pakan. Namun alternatif tersebut mempunyai kendala karena onggok roempunyai kandungan protein rendah, dan serat kasarnya tinggi serta adanya sianida yang dapat menyebabkan keracunan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dilakukan perbaikan, misalnya melalui proses fermentasi menggunakan kapang Aspergillus niger UICC 159 yang mampu memecah pati menjadi glukosa sebagai sumber karbonnya. Sedangkan sebagai sumber nitrogennya digunakan campuran ammonium sulfat dengan urea. Pencapaian produk fermentasi (biomassa) dcngan kadar protein tinggi diperoleh dengan memvariasi ketebalan media (1,2, dan 3 cm), kadar air (30, 40, dan 50%), serta perbandingan antara ammonium sulfat dengan urea (1:4, 2:3,3:2, dan 4:1). Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada ketebalan media 2 cm, kadar air 30% dan perbandingan ammonium sulfat dan urea 1 : 4. Biomassa yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan protein 10,05%, lemak kasar 3,60%, serat kasar 19,00%, dan energi mctabolis kimiawi 2806,10 kkal/kg serta energi metabolis biologi 3140,00 kkal/kg.

---

A fermentation of tapioca solid waste (onggok) by Aspergillus niger UICC 159 to enrich protein content was explored. The growth condition of fungi was carried out for six days incubation at room temperature with the addition of inorganic nitrogen compound such urea and ammonium sulphate in varying ratio from 1:4 to 4:1. The water content was varied from 30% to 50% with substrate thickness from 1 cm to 3 cm. The optimum condition was found in the ratio of urea and ammonium sulphate of 1:4; water content of 30% and substrate thickness of 2 cm. The crude protein and glucose content of onggok increased from 0,14% to 10,05% and 0,00% to 8,10%, respectively. Whereas, the fermented onggok had chemical energy metabolism of 2806,10 kcal/kg and biological energy metabolism of 3130,00 kcal/kg."

"ABSTRAK Nitrogen merupakan salah satu unsur dalam manur ayam atau kotoran ayam yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Nitrogen dalam bentuk gas amonia, nitrat dan nitrit dapat mencemari udara dan air. Tetapi nitrogen sendiri merupakan salah satu unsur hara yang penting bagi tumbuhan, sehingga pada pengolahan manur sebagai pupuk, kandungan nitrogen pada manur perlu diperhatikan. Sebagian besar hilangnya nitrogen pada manur ayam karena terbentuknya gas amoma. Temperatur ruangan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempercepat penguapan gas amonia. Apabila pada tempat penyimpanan manur terlewati aliran air, maka nitrogen dalam manur akan semakin berkurang karena garam-garam nitrat dan nitrit yang ada akan terbawa oleh aliran air.Berbagai cara dilakukan untuk mengurangi kehilangan nitrogen pada manur ayam akibat terbentuknya gas amonia. Di negara-negara maju digunakan zeolit, jerami dan garam-garam kalsium untuk mengurangi terbentuknya gas amoma. Pada penelitian ini digunakan kapur untuk mengurangi kehilangan nitrogen. Penentuan kadar nitrogen dalam manur ayam dilakukan dengan metode Kjedahl dan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer. Parameter lain yang diukur pada penelitian ini berupa kadar air, pH, kadar fosfor clan kalium pada manur ayam.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kadar nitrogen pada manur yang menggunakan kapur dan manur kontrol, dimana kadar nitrogen dengan menggunakan kapur sedikit lebih tinggi dari manur kontrol. Sedangkan kadar air pada manur yang ditambah kapur, lebih rendah dari kadar air manur kontrol. Penambahan kapur memberikan peningkatan pH sedikit lebih tinggi selama beberapa hari pengamatan dibandingkan dengan manur kontrol. Kadar kalium dan fosfor dalam manur tidak memperlihatkan penurunan yang berarti, karena kalium dan fosfor tidak terdekomposisi selama manur mengalami dekomposisi."