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"Kehamilan remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan yang perlu diperhatikan sebab setengah kehamilan pada remaja usia 15-19 tahun diperkirakan tidak diinginkan dan lebih dari separuh kehamilan pada remaja usia 15-19 tahun pada negara berkembang berakhir dengan aborsi. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017 dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional yang bertujuan mengetahui hubungan riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada remaja di Indonesia dikontrol dengan variabel kovariat (pendidikan, status ekonomi, status pernikahan, tempat tinggal, pengetahuan kontrasepsi, dan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan) dengan analisis multivariat regresi logistik model faktor risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa remaja yang tidak pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi berisiko 2,05 kali mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan setelah dikontrol status pernikahan dan tempat tinggal (95%CI: 0,998-4,227).

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Adolescent pregnancy is a health problem that needs to be considered because half of pregnancy in adolescents aged 15-19 years is estimated to be unwanted and more than half of pregnancies in adolescents aged 15-19 years in developing countries end in abortion. This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey with a cross-sectional study design that aims to determine the associations of history of contraceptive use and unwanted pregnancy among adolescents in Indonesia controlled by covariate variables (education, economic status, marital status, residence, knowledge contraception, and access to health services) with a multivariate logistic regression of risk factor model analysis. The results showed that adolescents who had never used contraception at risk 2.05 times had unwanted pregnancy after being controlled by marital status and residence (95%CI: 0,998-4,227). Keywords: unwanted pregnancy, adolescent pregnancy, contraceptive use."

"ABSTRACTPurpose: Postoperative pneumonia affects the length of stay and mortality after surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the risk factors of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with CRC, and to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgery on elderly patients with CRC.Methods: We retrospectively investigated 1473 patients ≥ 80 years of age who underwent surgery for stage 0-III CRC between 2003 and 2007. Using a multivariate analysis, we determined the risk factors for pneumonia occurrence from each baseline characteristic.Results: Among all included patients, 26 (1.8%) experienced postoperative pneumonia, and restrictive respiratory impairment, obstructive respiratory impairment, history of cerebrovascular events, and open surgery were determined as risk factors (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.78 [1.22-6.20], 2.71 [1.22-6.30], 3.60 [1.37-8.55], and 3.57 [1.22-15.2], respectively). Furthermore, postoperative pneumonia was more frequently accompanied by increasing cumulative numbers of these risk factors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.763).Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery may be safely performed in elderly CRC patients, even those with respiratory impairment and a history of cerebrovascular events."

"Latar belakang. Belum diketahui apakah ada hubungan antara usia penerbang, obesitas sentral, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat penyakit metabolik, dan jam terbang total dengan kejadian sindroma metabolik pada penerbang sipil pesawat sayap tetap.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol, yang dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022. Penerbang sipil laki-laki pesawat sayap tetap yang menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan pada periode Juni – November 2022 diinklusi dalam studi. Variabel bebas yang diteliti adalah jam terbang, usia, status obesitas, merokok, dan riwayat DM tipe II keluarga.Hasil. Terdapat dua ratus enam puluh dua penerbang sipil pesawat sayap tetap yang diinklusi dalam studi ini, dengan 131 (50%) penerbang dengan sindrom metabolik dan 131 (50%) lainnya tidak memiliki sindrom metabolik. Rerata usia pasien dalam penelitian adalah 38,70 ± 10,54 tahun, dengan 57,6% penerbang berusia ≤ 40 tahun. 59,2% subjek memiliki jam terbang ≥ 5000 jam, dengan median jam terbang keseluruhan subjek adalah sebesar 5600 (45¬27700) jam. Sebagian besar subjek (64,5%) memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang termasuk dalam kategori obesitas. Hanya usia > 40 tahun dan IMT ≥ 25 kg/m2 yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik (p < 0,001), dengan rasio odds masing-masing sebesar 5,90 (IK 95%, 2,79–12,45) dan 6,24 (IK 95%, 3,25–12,00). Setelah menghilangkan faktor usia, jam terbang ≥ 5000 jam memiliki risiko 3,33 (IK 95%, 1,87–5,94) kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami sindrom metabolik.Simpulan. Usia ≥ 40 tahun dan status obesitas berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko sindrom metabolik di kalangan penerbang sipil pesawat sayap tetap laki-laki.

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Background. It is not yet known whether there is a relationship between pilot age, central obesity, smoking habits, history of metabolic disease, and total flight hours with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in civil fixed-wing aircraft pilots.

Methods. This research is a case control study, which was conducted in December 2022. Male civil pilots of fixed wing aircraft who underwent medical examinations at the Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan in the period June – November 2022 were included in the study. The independent variables studied were flight hours, age, obesity status, smoking, and family history of type II DM.

Results. Two hundred and sixty-two fixed-wing civil aviation pilots were included in this study, of which 131 (50%) pilots had the metabolic syndrome and 131 (50%) did not have the metabolic syndrome. The mean age of the patients in the study was 38.70 ± 10.54 years, with 57.6% of the pilots aged ≤ 40 years. 59.2% of the subjects had flight hours ≥ 5000 hours, with the median flight hours of all subjects being 5600 (45¬27700) hours. Most of the subjects (64.5%) had a body mass index (BMI) which was included in the obesity category. Only age > 40 years and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were found to be associated with the metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), with odds ratios of 5.90 (95% CI, 2.79–12.45) and 6, respectively. 24 (95% CI, 3.25–12.00). After removing the age factor, flying hours ≥ 5000 hours had a 3.33 (95% CI, 1.87–5.94) times higher risk of experiencing metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion. Age ≥ 40 years and obesity status are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among male civil fixed-wing aircraft pilots."

"Kanker serviks diketahui menjadi kanker yang paling sering dialami oleh perempuan di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Kejadian kanker serviks dipengaruhi oleh multifaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor berhubungan dengan kejadian kanker serviks. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yakni deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Sebanyak 80 responden dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara perilaku seksual, perilaku merawat kebersihan alat kelamin (p=0,242; α=0,05), pengetahuan kanker serviks (p=0,252; α=0,05), dan riwayat kontrasepsi terhadap kejadian kanker serviks. Hasil penelitian menyarankan diperlukannya pembahasan/penelitian dengan studi kohort lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan faktor risiko kanker serviks terhadap kejadian kanker serviks.

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Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer happened by women in the world, included Indonesia. The cause of cervical cancer could be multifactorial. This study aim is to find in association risk factor of cervical cancer with cervical cancer incidence. Cross-sectional study was used in this study. Study sample included 80 sample as respondents which were selected by consecutive sampling technique.

The result showed that no significant relationship was found between sexual behavior, personal hygiene practice (p=0,242; α=0,05), history of contraception use, and knowledge of cervical cancer (p=0,252; α=0,05). Our findings suggest a need for using cohort study to discussion later about association cervical cancer risk factor and HPV infection."

"Angka Kematian Ibu AKI merupakan indikator utama kesehatan ibu. Pada tahun 2015, angka kematian ibu mengalami penurunan menjadi sebesar 305 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, namun angka ini masih belum memenuhi target MDGs. Apabila dibandingkan secara global, AKI di Indonesia masih berada di atas AKI Global. Tiga penyebab terbesar kematian ibu di Indonesia disebabkan oleh perdarahan, hipertensi, daninfeksi. Perdarahan dan komplikasi kehamilan pada masa kehamilan bisa terjadi padaawal kehamilan dan akhir kehamilan. Perdarahan dan komplikasi kehamilan pada masaawal kehamilan dapat disebabkan oleh aborsi dan kehamilan ektopik. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, salah satu faktor risiko kehamilan ektopik yaitu merokok. Prevalensi perokok wanita di Indonesia setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan terutama pada tahun2010 prevalensi perokok wanita adalah sebesar 4 dan menduduki urutan ke 17 di dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya besaran masalah kehamilan ektopik di Indonesia, mengetahui sebaran variabel kehamilan ektopik dan merokok berdasarkan provinsi, dan diketahuinya hubungan antara merokok dengan terjadinya kehamilan ektopik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Variabel dependen pada penelitian ini adalah kejadian kehamilan ektopik dan variabel independen utamanya adalah merokok, sedangkan variabel kovariat terdiri dari status pendidikan, metode penggunaan kontrasepsi, jumlah paritas ibu, riwayat menderita Penyakit Menular Seksual PMS, status urban dan perokok pasif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia SDKI tahun 2012. Kriteria responden pada penelitian ini adalah responden wanita yang diwawancarai dengan kuisioner wanita SDKI 2012. Jumlah responden yang dianalisis adalah sebesar 32.269 wanita yang eligibel. Analisis yang dilakukan terdiri dari analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Penelitian ini menunjukan prevalensi kehamilan ektopik di Indonesia adalah sebesar 0,56 dan prevalensi merokok sebesar 3,31. Analisis bivariat menunjukan responden yang merokok memiliki risiko 2,64 kali untuk mengalami kehamilan ektopik dibandingkan dengan yang tidak merokok. Setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pendidikan, metode penggunaan kontrasepsi, riwayat menderita penyakit menular seksual PMS, danstatus urban, responden yang merokok memiliki risiko 3,28 kali untuk mengalami kehamilan ektopik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa merokok memiliki hubungan denganrisiko terjadinya kehamilan ektopik.

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Maternal mortality rate is a primary indicator for maternal health. In 2015,maternal mortality rate has decreased to 305 for 100.000 live birth, nevertheless this ratedoes not meet with the MDGs target. Indonesia rsquo s maternal mortality rate is still abovefrom global rate. In Indonesia, there are Three cases that caused maternal death, bleeding,hypertension, and infection. Bleeding can be occurred in early pregnancy or in the end ofpregnancy. Bleeding in early pregnancy can be caused by abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Some research showed that one of the risk factor of ectopic pregnancy was smoking.Prevalence of female smoker in Indonesia is 4 in 2010 and increasing in every year.Indonesia has 17th in rank of prevalence female smoker in the world.

This study aim to know about prevalence ectopic pregnancy in Indonesia that canshowing the problem about ectopic pregnancy, to know the distribution of ectopicpregnancy and female smoker by province in Indonesia, and to know about theassociation between smoking and ectopic pregnancy. This study is cross sectional study with ectopic pregnancy as a dependent variableand smoking as main independent variable. Covariate variables for this study are education, contraception method, parity, history of sexually transmitted diseases, urbanstatus and passive smoker. This study use Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey IDHS 2012. Responden's criteria was women that to be interviewed with women questionnaire IDHS2012. Thera are 32.269 woman who is elgible to include in this study. This study does three step analysis, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.

The result shows that prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in Indonesia is 0,56 and prevalence of women smoking in Indonesia is 3,31. From bivariate analysis shows that female smoker had 2,64 fold to experience ectopic pregnancy compared with nonsmoker female. After controlled by education, contraception method, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and responden's residence, female smoker has 3,28 fold toexperience ectopic pregnancy comparing with non smoker female. This study has showed that smoking has a relationship with ectopic pregnancy."

"Tuberkulosis masih menjadi masalah kesehatana masyarakat. Salah satu populasi yang paling berisiko adalah tahanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian TB di dalam lapas. Data yang digunakan adala data primer yang diambil pada bulan Desember 2013 hingga Februari 2014. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square, dan Chi Square Mantel Haenzel untuk bivariat, serta Regresi Logistik untuk multivariat. Ada hubungan signifkan antara keberadaan orang dengan penyakit TB dapam satu kamar tahanan (p value<0,0001), lama tahanan (p value=0,008), dan pemanfaatan ARV (p value=0,039). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan orang dengan penyakit TB dalam satu kamar merupaka faktor paling berisiko terhadap kejadian TB di lapas (OR=13,009). Pengupayaan perbaikan sistem ruang isolasi dan modifikasi lingkungan, serta peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan dengan pemeriksaan rutin terhadap suspek TB dapat dijadikan upaya pencegahan penularan TB di dalam lapas. Diperlukan upaya provokasi ke atas guna melancarkan upaya pencegahan karena upaya yang diambil berhubungan dengan sistem keamanan lapas.

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Tuberculosis is still a problem for public health. One of the populations most at risk are prisoners. This study aimed to determine the risk factors in the incidence of TB in prisons. The data used is primary data taken in December 2013 to February 2014. Analysis of the data using Chi Square, Chi Square and Mantel Haenzel for bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression for. There was a significant association between the presence of a person with TB disease in the detention room (p value <0.0001), length of detention (p value = 0.008), and the use of antiretrovirals (p value = 0.039).

The results showed that the presence of people with TB in the room is the most risk factors on the incidence of TB in prison (OR = 13.009). Striving for improvement and modification system isolation room environment, as well as increased health care with routine checks on suspected tuberculosis prevention efforts can be used as TB transmission in prison. Required to provoke up to launch prevention efforts because of measures taken related to prison security system."

"Stroke is the leading non-communicable cause of death in Indonesia. The number of stroke patients increases every year. A prevention strategy needs to be implemented to control the number of stroke patients, starting by determining the factors affecting the incidence of stroke. This study aimed to determine factors affecting stroke incidence, including smoking status, past hypertension, past diabetes, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. The total of respondents was 132, consisting of 66 cases and 66 controls. This study employed a case control design and systematic random sampling method. The study was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Public Hospital in Blitar District, East Java Province, Indonesia, in October-November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p-value = 0.011, OR = 2.6), past hypertension (p-value = 0.00, OR = 6), past diabetes (p-value = 0.015, OR = 5.7), and unhealthy diet (p-value = 0.00, OR = 5.7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors significantly affecting stroke were smoking status, past hypertension, and an unhealthy diet. In conclusion, smoking, past hypertension, and an unhealthy diet are factors affecting the incidence of stroke."