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"Literasi keuangan berhubungan erat dengan keputusan keuangan dan penggunaan produk-produk keuangan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari literasi keuangan terhadap utang konsumen yang diukur dari debt to income ratio, jumlah peminjam utang, dan nilai aset di kalangan rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah yang berada di dalam kondisi utang berlebih. Komponen-komponen penting dalam literasi keuangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah keahlian berhitung numeracy skills dan keahlian manajemen uang money management skills. Studi ini dilakukan melalui survey pada 103 rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah di Depok, Jawa Barat. Hasil temuan utama dari analisa menunjukkan bahwa kehalian berhitung dan manajemen uang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap debt to income ratio dan nilai aset rumah tangga. Namun, keahlian manajemen uang ditemukan untuk memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap jumlah peminjam uang atau pemberi utang. Ketika keahlian manajemen uang lebih baik, jumlah peminjam lebih meningkat. Keahlian berhitung sebaliknya tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah peminjam. Temuan ini ditemukan berbeda dengan studi-studi sebelumnya yang menunjukkan bahwa keahlian manajemen uang akan menurunkan jumlah peminjam. Studi ini memiliki implikasi terhadap program edukasi yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan literasi keuangan di kalangan rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah.

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Financial literacy is correlated to financial decisions and the usage of financial products. This study aims to examine the impact of financial literacy on consumer debt measured by debt to income ratio, number of lenders, and net worth among low income households who are in over indebtedness condition. The key components of financial literacy used are numeracy and money management skills. This study is conducted by survey to 103 low income households in Depok, West Java.

The main finding from the analysis is that either numeracy or money management skills do not significantly affect the debt to income ratio and net worth. However, money management skills are found to have significant influence on number of lenders. As money management skills improve, number of lenders increase. Numeracy skills, however, has no significant effect to the number of lenders. The finding is found to be different than previous studies which suggest that money management skills would decrease the number of lenders. This study has an implication on educational program in related to enhance the degree of financial literacy among low income households."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh determinasi aksesibilitas terhadap pengeluaran perkapita dan menganalisis determinan aksesibilitas keuangan rumah tangga. Adanya pengaruh dua arah antara aksesibilitas dan pengeluaran perkapita rumah tangga, menyebabkan penelitian harus diestimasi dengan pendekatan simultan. Dari hasil estimasi dapat diketahui bahwa keinginan rumah tangga untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran perkapitanya mendorong mereka untuk mengakses kredit baik itu secara umum, perbankan maupun program bantuan pemerintah, disisi yang lain adanya keterlibatan rumah tangga dalam mengakses kredit mendorong peningkatan pengeluaran perkapita.Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa antara pengeluaran perkapita dan aksesibilitas rumah tangga di pasar kredit memberikan pengaruh secara simultan. Determinan yang mempengaruhi keputusan rumah tangga berpartisipasi di pasar kredit, menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan masih menjadi kendala bagi rumah tangga untuk bisa berpartisipasi. Kendala ini juga yang menyebabkan rumah tangga pertanian enggan untuk mengakses kredit sekalipun itu adalah program bantuan dari pemerintah.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study to identify the effect of the determination of accessibility to expenditure per capita and analyze the determinants of household financial accessibility. The existence of two-way influence between accessibility and per capita household expenditure, causing research to be estimated with two-stage probit least squares approach. From the estimation results can be seen that the desire of households to increase expenditure per capita encourage them to access credit, either banking or government assistance programs. On the other hand the involvement of households in credit market, help them to increase their expenditure per capita.These results indicate that the per capita expenditure and accessibility of households in the credit markets provide simultaneous influence. While the analysis of the determinants showed that education is still an obstacle for households to access financial institutions. This constraint also causes agricultural households are reluctant to access credit even if it is a government assistance program."

"Penelitian yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini ditujukan untuk menjelaskan alasan dan penilaian Mahathir Mohamad memilih untuk menerapkan kembali kebijakan new economic policy dalam upaya mengatasi dampak krisis finansial Asia tahun 1997, dan menolak secara tegas paket bantuan yang ditawarkan oleh International Monetary Fund dan Bank Dunia. Alasan Mahathir Mohamad dapat dijelaskan secara rasional melalui penilaian-penilaian terhadap konsekuensi yang akan didatangkan dari kebijakan alternatif yang akan diterapkan. Pilihan tersebut memberikan dampak pada pembangunan ekonomi dan politik di Malaysia.Dengan menggunakan teori pilihan rasional karya Raymond Boudon, dan konsep experience & decision Value milik Kahneman dan Tversky, tulisan ini berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pilihan rasional dalam pengambilan kebijakan publik yang berkembang di Malaysia. Hal ini diindikasikan melalui kebijakan yang diambil oleh pemerintah Malaysia didasarkan pada kebijakan-kebijakan ekonomi politik yang dijalankan sebelumnya, yakni New Economic Policy (1970-1990) dan National Development Policy (1991-1996). Selain itu, Mahathir juga menilai konsekuensi yang akan terjadi, apabila Malaysia menerima paket bantuan IMF, maka akan terjadi liberalisasi pasar dan intervensi asing serta merusak tatanan ekonomi dan politik Malaysia yang telah dibangun selama ini.

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The research discussed in this article is intended to explain the reason and judgment Mahathir Mohamad chose to reimplement new economic policy in an effort to overcome the impact of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, and explicitly reject the aid package offered by International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Mahathir Mohamad reason can be explained in a rational way through assessments of the consequences that will come from alternative policies that will be applied. The options have an impact on economic and political development in Malaysia.Using the theory of rational choice by Raymond Boudon, and the concept of experience value and decision value by Value Kahneman and Tversky, this paper seeks to identify the characteristics of rational choice in developing public policy in Malaysia. This is indicated by measures taken by the Malaysian government is based on political economic policies that run before, the new economic policy (1970-1990) and national development policy (1991-1996). Moreover, Mahathir also assess the consequences will be if Malaysia receive IMF aid package, there will be liberalization of markets, foreign intervention and undermine economic & political order Malaysia that have built over the years."

"AbstrakPalm oil has become one of the most contested agricultural commodities in developing countries. This commodity character should be viewed in the context of the transnational behavior of agribusiness capital and related industrial restructuring. This paper focuses on the globalization of agribusiness capital and its impact on the industrial structure in Malaysia as a leading country in palm oil development, based on the following viewpoints: the commodity chain perspective and transnationalization of agribusiness capital.The major implications are as follows: Based on plantation development, Malaysian agribusiness capital has implemented strategies not only of vertical integration but also of transnationalization of upstream/downstream sectors. These global strategies of agribusinesses have, however, brought about the following consequences: (1) overseas plantation development has been accompanied by allegations of primitive accumulation and socio-political/environmental disruption, leading to Malaysia being limited as an investor country; (2) with the Malaysian refining industry having to purchase palm oil at relatively high prices from the domestic plantation sector, as well as Indonesia surge in production, the downstream sector in Malaysia has faced difficulties; (3) agribusiness capital has depended heavily on a foreign labor force to avoid paying fair wages for domestic workers, which has led to deepening agricultural vulnerability. In contrast to the growth of globalized agribusinesses, the Malaysian palm oil industry linking upstream and downstream sectors nationally is standing at a crossroads."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mempelajari apakah own produced consumption menjadi strategi rumah tangga perdesaan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan keluarganya. Dalam hal ini peneliti menambahkan variabel konsumsi bahan pangan yang diproduksi sendiri ke dalam sistem permintaan Linearly Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). Dari data Susenas 2008 dan 2011, variabel konsumsi yang berasal dari produksi sendiri terbukti mempengaruhi share konsumsi rumah tangga di semua kelompok komoditi, artinya rumah tangga di perdesaan masih bergantung pada own produced consumption dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan keluarganya. Pada tahun 2011, semakin rendah pendapatan rumah tangga, maka own produced consumption untuk kelompok umbi-umbian menjadi semakin tinggi. Semakin tinggi pendapatan rumah tangga, maka own produced consumption untuk kelompok ikan / udang / cumi / kerang, telur dan susu menjadi semakin tinggi.

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ABSTRACTThis studies use an additional variable of self-produced food consumption to theLinearly Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) to test for theown produced consumption behavior in Indonesian rural households. This essayalso proposes a test which permits heterogeneity across households, by dividinghouseholds into low, middle and high income. From the 2008 and 2011 householdbudget survey data (SUSENAS core and consumption module) this study findsthat self-produced food consumption variable proved to be significant in all foodgroups. It means that own produced consumption behavior is the ruralhouseholds? strategy to make sure that their food security is guaranteed. In 2011,the lower the households? income, the own produced consumption behavior ontubers is getting higher. While the higher the households? income, the ownproduced consumption behavior on fishery, eggs and dairy products is gettinghigher."