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"Pengendalian risiko tertentu pada tahap operasi bangunan tinggi dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengalihkan risiko melalui asuransi yaitu kepada pihak ketiga. Pengendalian risiko bahaya kebakaran sebagai salah satu risiko dimaksud dilakukan dengan mengalihkan risiko kepada pihak asuransi melalui suatu ikatan kontrak yang disebut polis sebagai bentuk ikatan legal. Dari hasil analisis risiko bahaya kebakaran pada tahap pengoperasian bangunan tinggi di Jabotabek, teridentifikasi empat belas dari dua puluh delapan variabel aspek hukum yang berkaitan dengan tingkat pengendalian risiko bahaya kebakaran. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor keempat belas variabel tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam empat faktor aspek hukum yaitu faktor instrumen regulasi asuransi secara umum (general insurance regulation instrument), faktor prinsip-prinsip dasar asuransi kebakaran (fire insurance principles), faktor prinsip perikatan perjanjian antara para pihak dalam asuransi (agreement between parties) serta faktor regulasi operasional pada tingkat lokal (local operational practices).Analisis regresi menghasilkan suatu model yang menggambarkan korelasi positif non linier antara aspek hukum asuransi kebakaran dengan tingkat pengendalian risiko bahaya kebakaran pada bangunan tinggi di Jabotabek, dengan dua variabel penentu utama yaitu fire safety management (X6) dan Peraturan Daerah tentang IMB, IPB dan IPPB (X23). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan hipotesis bahwa peningkatan kualitas pengaruh aspek hukum asuransi kebakaran akan meningkatkan tingkat pengendalian resiko bahaya kebakaran pada bangunan tinggi di Jabotabek.

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Modeling the Influence of Law Aspects of High-Rise Building Constructions Fire Insurance To The Level of Control of Fire Risk In JabotabekCertain risk control during operation phase of high-rise buildings could be treated by transferring the risk through insurance to a third party. Fire risk control during operation phase of a high-rise building is addressed by transferring the fire risk law aspects through insurance to a third party thus binding a contract work policy as a legal document. Analysis of fire risk during operation phase of high-rise building constructions in Jabotabek identified fourteen from twenty eight law aspect variables obtained from state of art research. Factor analysis successfully classed the variables into four significant factors namely general insurance regulation instrument, fire insurance principles, agreement between parties and local operational practices to be observed. Regression analysis produced a positive non-linear model relating the law aspect of construction fire insurance to the level of control found in high-rise building fire risk in Jabotabek. Two determinant variables that strongly influence the level of control of the fire risk were fire safety management (X6) and local government regulation related to building construction certification/IMB, building operation certification/IPB, and extending building operation certification/IPPB (X23). Finally, result of this thesis provided clear proof that increasing the influence of law aspect in high-rise building constructions through fire insurance will also increase the level of control of the fire risk."

"Di Indonesia, khususnya di Jakarta tingkat kcbakaran pada bangunan gcdung scjak rahun 1981 hingga 2001 dari segi materi mcmpunyai kooenderungan mcningkax. (Dinas Kcbakaran DKI Jakarta, |981-2000) Kcrugian yang ditimbulkan akibat kebakaran meliputi kehilangan jiwa, Iuka bcrat atau tingan, kchilangan hafta benda, kerusakan pcralatan pada bangxman. Mcningkatnya iickuensi kcbakaran scbagaimana ditunjukkan pada statistik kcbakaran dipengaruhi oleh berbagai filktor. Pcmbangunan yang berdesak-desakan tanpa memperhitungkan jarak bangunan, penggunaan bahan bangunan yang mudah tcrbakar, instalasi listrik yang sudah menua dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap bahaya kebakaran. Selain itu tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi mcmpengaruhi pula mcningkalnya kemungkinan timbulnya kebakaran.Kebakaran mcmiliki risiko yang sangat tinggi. Untuk menghindari kemungkinan risiko bahaya kebalmmn pada bangunan, digunakan asuransi kebakaran. Tetapi, prcmi asuransi kcbakaran yang ada sckarang ini masih belum jelas Pcnclitian dilakukan dcngan menyebarkan kuesioncr kepada beberapa perusahaan asuransi yang bcrgerak dibidang asumnsi kebakaran dan kepada beberapa pemilik bangunan dnggi di Jakara, sodangkan pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan paket program SPSS untuk mendapatkan model matematik dan simulasi montccarlo dcngan bantuan program crystal ball unlnuk mendapatkan optimasinya.Hasil penelitian menuniukan bahwa premi asuransi dipengamhi oleh variabel bebas Xw (Kualitas Tcrbakar Penuh, Bahan bangunan yang dipakai ) dan Xu (KHHUGS kocelakaan (instalasi listrik) ) sedangkan dari hasil simulasi montccarlo menunjukan bahwa batas risiko minimal berada pada selang anmm Xl., minima] dan XB maksimal."

"Bangunan tinggi khususnya di Jakarta mempunyai sistem proteksi kebakaran sangatlah beragam jenis baik kemampuannya dan juga penggunaannya.Sistem proteksi kebakaran merupakan faktor pencegahan awal yang dapat mengeliminir kerusakan bangunan yang lebih parah apabila terjadi resiko kebakaran. Resiko kebakaran adalah termasuk salah satu faktor yang harus diminimalisasi dalam suatu pengoperasian bangunan dimana asuransi adalah sebagai salah satu cara transfer resiko tersebut.Pada penelitian ini diteliti variabel-variabel penentu yang diolah berdasarkan kuesioner yang disebarkan dan dibuat pemodelannya dengan perangkat lunak pengolahan statistik SPSS versi 10.0 yang menghasilkan 4 variabel penentu yaitu Sistem Proteksi aktif Hidran dengan kontribusi 55,3 %, Sistem Proteksi aktif Sprinkler Ctomatis 16,7 %, Sistem Proteksi aktif Alat Pemadam Api Portabel 6,8 %, dan Sistem Proteksi Pasif Konstruksi Tahan Api sebesar 4,9 %. Kemudian dilakukan uji coba dengan mengunakan metode simulasi Monte Carlo yang merupakan fasilitas dari perangkat lunak dan Crystal Ball. Hasil dari metode simulasi Monte Carlo ditemukan nilai premi asuransi kebakaran yang ideal.Pada akhirnya sistem proteksi kebakaran khususnya pada bangunan tinggi yang sangat baik akan menurunkan nilai premi asuransi."

"The Fire damage occurs in unpredictable time and can cause losses to the owner because of the damage. It can occur in buildings that do not have Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System in the building. By detecting and preventing against fire damage, which arise in unpredictable times will prevent loss of lives and assets of the buildings.There has been considerable research into the fire damage such as at the Polo Condominium in Colorado. The Polo Condominium that was built in 1967 caught fire on October 31' because it did not have the Fire Protection System in each floor. When the fire came and burned the building interior, the building could not extinguish the fire because it did not have fire detector and sprinklers in place.To solve the problem, in Jakarta there are a lot of guidelines such as the Minister Of Public Works Decree # 02IKPTSI1985 for Fire Safety in building. But from many fire damages, the guidelines could not accommodate the problem because the buildings did not incorporate Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System. Relevant research indicated that Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System are very important to detect and prevent against fire damage. In this research, the Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System are defined as Fire Safety Design which have been taken from many relevant theories and journals.From 50 questionnaires sent to various high rise office buildings in Jakarta, 30 responses were received to be viable for in depth analysis. The result of the analysis shows clearly that the Fire Safety Design is positively correlated in a linear manner to four of the key Fire Safety Design variables. The four key variables influencing building reliability in design carried out by the consultant and controlled by the construction manager in the projects are : detection and fire alarm, building architecture, the designer's fire certificate and special equipment to stop fire_ This research can then be used to control and measure the quality of Future Fire Safety Design of the high rise building reliability in Jakarta."

"Jakarta is the center of economic, politic, cultural activities and also the center of the state defense. Along with development in many sectors, numbers of building development grows accordingly with numerous functions: hotel, office, apartment, shop, amusement center, restaurant or a mix at the aforementioned functions. A commercially managed hotel should meet certain standards; one of them is fire prevention throughta system that called Fire Safety Management. The existence of Fire Safety Management is important as most hotel guests have no or little knowledge at how to respond in case of fire. This research on hotel Fire Safety Management is used to observe the correlation between application of Fire Safety Management and reliability of building in preventing and controlling this caused by fire in hotels in Jakarta. This research uses primary and secondary data. Primary data is gathered by distributing questioners to hotel building managers, data gathered is then analyzed by using statistic program SPSS 10.0 to obtain measurable and relevant indicators to improve reliability at a hotel building. Data analysis shows same parameters in Fire Safety Management, which are: Pre-estinguishment at fire : 50,0, Response to alarm and signal: 33,6 , other variable from dummy analysis is : Identification potential at fire : 12, 3 . The result at this research can be used to improve role of Fire Safety Management in building reliability in general and hotel building in specific."

"Influence of Fire Safety Management (FSM) to Building Reliability in Preventing Fire Damage at Hotel Buildings in JakartaJakarta is the center of economic, politic, cultural activities and also the center of the state defense. Along with development in many sectors, numbers of building development grows accordingly with numerous functions: hotel, office, apartment, shop, amusement center, restaurant or a mix at the aforementioned functions. A commercially managed hotel should meet certain standards; one of them is fire prevention through a system that called Fire Safety Manage, rent. The existence of Fire Safety Management is important as most hotel guests have no or little knowledge at how to respond in case of fire.This research on hotel Fire Safety Management is used to observe the correlation between application of Fire Safety Management and reliability of building in preventing and controling the damages caused by fire at hotels in Jakarta.This research uses primary and secondary data. Primary data is gathered by distributing questioners to hotel building managers, data gathered is then analyzed by using statistic program SPSS 10.0 to obtain measurable and relevant indicators to improve reliability at a hotel building.Data analysis shows same parameters in Fire Safety Management, Which are: Pre-estinguishment at fire : 50,0 %, Response to alarm and signal : 33,6 % , other variable from dummy analysis is : Identification potential at fire : 12, 3 %. The result at this research can be used to improve role of Fire Safety Management in building reliability in general and hotel building in specific."

"The paper reviews the standard ot' design and installation of the Active Fire ProtectionSystems for hotel buildings to minimize tire risk. When a tire occurs, activeprotection system is necessary that pinpoints its location. Once detected, the first lineof defense against tire is a sprinkler system or other active tire protection systems.Active Fire Protection Systems are detectors & alarm systems, automatic sprinklersystems, risers, extinguishing systems, and smoke control, all of which is aimed tosolve the problem of fire damage.ln major cities around the world especially in Jakarta, hotel buildings have been, areand will be designed and built to provide safe and comfortable space for human lifeand various activities. The fire risk is inherent in the building itself and it is of utmostimportance to eliminate or keep this risk and its consequences as small as possible.On December 3 lst, 1986 a tire occurred in the Dupont Plaza Hotel and Casino, SanJuan, Puerto Rico, lt happened because The Hotel did not have dispensary ot`the tireprotection system in each floor. When thc iirc came and burncd, the building couldnot extinguish the tire because it did not have the needed tire detector and sprinklersin place.From 50 questionnaires sent to various hotel buildings in Jakarta, 30 responses werereceived to be viable for in dept analysis. The result of analysis shows clearly that theactive fire protection .tyvtents are positively correlated in a linear manner to three ofthe key active fire protection variables. The key variables influencing buildingreliability in good design and 'installation standard. The threc variables are heatdetector, portable exting-uis/ter, and rzulomatic sprinkler. This research can bc used t0control and measure the standard design and installation of the hotel buildings."

"Kebakaran adalah suatu peristiwa tidak terduga dan menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Hal ini dapat terjadi pada gedung-gedung yang tidak memiliki sistem perlindungan serta manajemen kebakaran dan keselamatan. Para pengelola gedung khususnya gedung tinggi perkantoran, harus memiliki beberapa standar kebakaran, salah satunya adalah design sistem proteksi pasif. Design sistem proteksi pasif sangat penting bagi bangunan sebagai sistem untuk menahan penjalaran asap dan api dalam bangunan saat terjadi bahaya kebakaran.Penelitian ini digunakan untuk meneliti komponen kinerja design sistem proteksi pasif apa saja yang mempengaruhi keandalan bangunan dalam hal keselamatan terhadap bahaya kebakaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer didapat dengan menyebarkan 90 kuesioner ke gedung-gedung tinggi perkantoran di DKI Jakarta. 34 kuesioner telah diterima dan kemudian 27 kuesioner dianalisa dengan menggunakan program statistik SPSS 11.00 untuk mendapatkan pengukuran dan indikator-indikator yang relevan.Pengolahan data menunjukkan beberapa parameter design sistem proteksi pasif yang terdiri dari (1) design tanda-tanda penunjuk jalan keluar=56,6%, (2) design pintu penyekat api=20% dan design tempat parkir=6,3%. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai persyaratan design bangunan tinggi perkantoran dalam mengurangi dampak bahaya kebakaran.

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The fire damage occurs in unpredictable time and can cause losses to owner because of damage. It can occur in buildings that do not have Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System in the building. A building management, especially for high-rise office building, should meet certain standards; one of them is fire prevention through a passive protection system design. The existence passive protection system design is important for building as a system for containing fire and smoke in case of fire.

This research is used to observe factor of passive protection system design that influence the reliability of building in preventing and controlling the damages used by fire in high-rise office building. This research uses primary and secondary data. Distributing 90 questionners gather primary data to various high-rise offices building in DKI Jakarta. 34 responses were received to be viable for in, dept analysis, 27 data gathered is then analyzed by using statistic program SPSS 11.00 to obtain measurable and relevant indicators. Data analysis shows same parameters in Fire Safety Management, which are (I) design of exit sign = 56,6%, (2) design of fire resisting doors = 20% and design of parking area = 6,3%. The result at this research can be used as a minimum design requirement for high-rise office building design, for its reliability in fire safety design."