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"ABSTRACTAs a country that has a long history, Indonesia has a very rich national cultural heritage. Strategically located in the trading route, automatically shapes the culture of this country. The cultural heritages, which are ranging variously from traditional dance, traditional foods, traditional music and songs, languages, clothes, and many more, spread evenly throughout the regions in Indonesia. There are two kinds of cultural heritage, namely tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage, which Indonesia has both types. The great number of these cultural inheritances should be preserved and protected by the go vernment."

"Bangsa Indonesia berkembang di wilayah kepulauan di garis khatulistiwa. Kontak budaya dan sejarah yang panjang telah banyak meninggalkan warisan budaya, yang sebagian besar terpendam di dalam tanah dan tenggelam di dasar laut. Warisan budaya bawah air di Indonesia berjumlah cukup banyak, salah satunya terdapat di perairan Kepulauan Karimunjawa dan telah teridentifikasi tinggalan budaya sebanyak 10 situs, yaitu Situs Geleang, Situs Menyawakan, Situs Kumbang, Situs Parang, Situs Indonor, Situs Genteng, Situs Seruni, Situs Genting, Situs Kapal Mati, dan Situs Pulau Nyamuk. Situs-situs tersebut perlu untuk dilestarikan karena memiliki nilai penting dan memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai sumber daya budaya. Untuk menjaga nilai-nilai yang terkadung dalam sumber daya budaya bawah air di Kawasan Kepulauan Karimunjawa, diperlukan upaya pelestarian sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya yang mencakup upaya perlindungan, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan yang bertujuan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungannya bagi masa mendatang.Upaya perlindungan terhadap Kawasan Karimunjawa saat ini dilakukan oleh Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa yang memiliki tugas melakukan konservasi sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistemnya. Akan tetapi pelestarian terhadap sumber daya budaya bawah air Karimunjawa belum dilakukan secara menyeluruh, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan kawasan untuk melestarikan baik sumber daya alam dan sumber daya budaya. Untuk menentukan bentuk pengelolaan dilakukan analisis TOWS dengan mempertimbangkan faktor internal dan eksternal dari pengelolaan yang sekarang sudah dilakukan, maka direkomendasikan model manajemen sumber daya budaya bawah air yang berjalan bersama-sama dengan pelestarian sumber daya alam. Selanjutnya model ini diuji kembali menggunakan analisis SWOT sehingga dihasilkan model manajemen yang tepat dan teruji.

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Indonesian people thrive in an archipelago in the the equator.A long cultural contact and history have left many cultural heritage, most of them are buried underground and sunk underwater of the sea. Indonesia has a lot of underwater cultural heritage, some of them are located in Karimunjawa Archipelago. There are 10 sites which are Geleang Sites, Menyawakan Sites, Kumbang Sites, Parang Sites, Indonor Sites, Genteng Sites, Seruni Sites, Genting Sites, Kapal Mati Sites, dan Pulau Nyamuk Sites. These sites needs to be preserved because of their potential as an underwater cultural resource. To maintain its values, cultural resource in Karimunjawa, needs to preserved according to the Law Number 11 Year 2010 of Cultural Heritage which consist of protection, development, and utilization in order to maintain its continuity for future generation.Protection effort to the Karimunjawa now is done by the National Park that has the duty to conserve the natural resource and its ecosystem. However the preservation of underwater cultural resource of Karimunjawa have been entirely done, so it needs a management to preserve both natural and cultural resource. To determine the management this research uses TOWS analysis that consider the internal and eksternal factor of the recent management. So this research recommend a cultural resource management model that be in accordance with the conservation of natural resource. And yhen this model is retested using SWOT analysis to obtain an appropriate and a tested management model."

"Summary: "Can states adopt protectionist cultural policies? What are the limits, if any, to state intervention in cultural matters? A wide variety of cultural policies may interfere with foreign investments, and a tension therefore exists between the cultural policies of the host state and investment treaty provisions. In some cases, foreign investors have claimed that cultural policies have negatively affected their investments, thereby amounting to a breach of the relevant investment treaty. This study maps the relevant investor-state arbitrations concerning cultural elements and shows that arbitrators have increasingly taken cultural concerns into consideration in deciding cases brought before them, eventually contributing to the coalescence of general principles of law demanding the protection of cultural heritage"

"Cultural Heritage in the European Union provides a critical analysis of the laws and policies which address cultural heritage throughout Europe, considering them in light of the current challenges faced by the Union. The volume examines the matrix of organisational and regulatory frameworks concerned with cultural heritage both in the Union and its Members States, as well as their interaction, cross-fertilisation, and possible overlaps. It brings together experts in their respective fields, including not only legal, but also cultural economists, heritage professionals, government representatives, and historians. The diverse backgrounds of the authors offer a cross-disciplinary approach and a variety of views which allows an in-depth scrutinisation of the latest developments pertaining to cultural heritage in Europe. "

"Kota Lama Semarang merupakan kawasan bernilai sejarah tinggi dengan banyak peninggalan bangunan kolonial yang dilestarikan dan dihidupkan kembali. Salah satunya adalah Gedung Monod Diephuis & Co, sebuah bangunan cagar budaya yang awalnya berfungsi sebagai kantor perusahaan broker hasil bumi. Gedung ini menjadi milik pribadi pada tahun 2011 dan dikonservasi mulai Maret 2016, kemudian diubah menjadi bangunan mixed-use untuk kegiatan seni, budaya, dan sosial. Transformasi ini membutuhkan perhatian pada nilai-nilai bangunan cagar budaya, konteks Kota Lama Semarang, serta strategi adaptive reuse yang merupakan tindakan konservasi pada bangunan cagar budaya.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur dan studi kasus dengan observasi langsung terhadap bangunan, wawancara subjek terkait, serta rekonstruksi gambar denah dan potongan bangunan. Hasil penelitian ini mengevaluasi kesesuaian nilai-nilai bangunan cagar budaya dan strategi adaptive reuse bahwa dari enam strategi adaptive reuse yang ada, empat strategi yaitu passive, referential, aemulatio, dan ruination sesuai diterapkan pada Gedung Monod Diephuis & Co, sementara strategi performative dan facadism hanya sesuai secara parsial. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun tidak semua strategi sesuai, adaptive reuse tetap mampu menghidupkan kembali Gedung Monod Diephuis & Co sebagai bagian dari pelestarian budaya di Kota Lama Semarang.

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Kota Lama Semarang is a historically significant area with numerous preserved colonial buildings that have been revitalized. One such building is the Monod Diephuis & Co building, a cultural heritage site that originally served as the office for an agricultural brokerage company. This building became privately owned in 2011 and underwent conservation starting in March 2016. It has since been transformed into a mixed-use facility for artistic, cultural, and social activities. This transformation required careful attention to the heritage values of the building, the context of Kota Lama Semarang, and adaptive reuse strategies which are conservation actions for heritage buildings.

This research employs literature review and case study methods, including direct observation of the building, interviews with relevant subjects, and reconstruction of building plans and sections. The findings of this study evaluate the appropriateness of heritage building values and adaptive reuse strategies. Out of six existing adaptive reuse strategies, four strategies—passive, referential, aemulatio, and ruination—are deemed suitable for application to the Monod Diephuis & Co building, while the performative and facadism strategies are only partially suitable. This study demonstrates that although not all strategies are applicable, adaptive reuse can still successfully revitalize the Monod Diephuis & Co building as part of cultural preservation in Kota Lama Semarang."

"Perkembangan teknologi telah mendorong pesatnya penemuan terhadap benda-benda budaya bawah air. Salah satunya yakni kapal karam bersejarah yang didalamnya terkandung nilai yang sangat tinggi baik secara historis, arkeologis ataupun ekonomis. Keberadaan kapal karam bersejarah yang sangat signifikan inilah yang menjadikan isu kepemilikan atasnya merupakan suatu hal yang penting. Benturan kepentingan terjadi antara Negara bendera kapal, penemunya, Negara dimana kapal karam bersejarah tersebut karam ataupun negara dari mana muatan didalamnya berasal. Oleh karena itu, dalam skripsi ini akan dibahas konsepsi pengaturan mengenai kepemilikan atas kapal karam bersejarah di tingkat internasional melalui konvensi dan hukum kebiasaan internasional terkait, di tingkat nasional melalui peraturan dan praktik di beberapa negara dunia serta pengaturan dan praktik penerapannya di Indonesia.

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Technology development pushed forward an access to underwater cultural heritage. One of them is historic shipwrecks which contain historical, archaeological or economic value. The significance of this historic shipwrecks leads to an issue about ownership. The dispute over historic shipwrecks happen because there is a clash about jurisdiction over the historic shipwrecks among Flag-state country, Finder, Coastal state, or state origin of the cargo. Therefore, it is an important thing to see the conception on regulation of historic shipwrecks at international level through international convention, at national level through its regulation and practice in several countries and also the regulation and practice in Indonesia.

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