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"Kuantitas dan kualitas konsumsi pangan merupakan masalah penting yang harus diperhatikan, terhadap timbulnya masalah gizi. Kelebihan atau kekurangan terhadap satu atau beberapa jenis pangan akan mengakibatkan kekurangan terhadap zat zat gizi tertentu terutama zat gizi mikro, sedangkan konsumsi pangan yang seimbang, baik secara kuantitas dan kualitas dapat mencegah keadaan salah gizi, baik kekurangan maupun kelebihan gizi serta penyakit yang menyertainya kemudian.Secara umum, kuantitas konsumsi pangan penduduk pada 6 Kotamadya di Propinsi Sumatera Barat telah cukup baik (diatas 90% dari Tingkat Konsumsi Energi), baik pada daerah perkotaan maupun pedesaan. Kualitas konsumsi pangan yang dilihat menurut tingkat keragamannya, terutama yang berasal dari beras belum menunjukkan penurunan, bahkan meningkat sedikit dari tahun sebelumnya (63.4%), yaitu 64% dan 66.2% pada daerah perkotaan dan daerah pedesaan. Konsumsi protein yang berasal dari hewani relatif sangat tinggi, sedangkan konsumsi protein nabati, terutama yang berasal dari kacang kacangan cukup rendah. Skor PPH secara umum telah melampaui target skor PPH nasional tahun 1997 (72.26), yaitu 82.74 dan 78.66 untuk daerah perkotaan dan daerah pedesaan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey potong lintang, dengan jumlah sampel 1021 keluarga yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan perbedaan konsumsi pangan keluarga yang dilihat dari kuantitas, yaitu rata rata konsumsi energi dan kualitas yang dilihat dari keragaman konsumsi pangan dan skor PPH pada daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara konsumsi energi keluarga diperkotaan dan keluarga pedesaan. Besar keluarga merupakan varibel yang berhubungan dengan kuantitas dan kualitas konsumsi pangan keluarga. Sedangkan secara kualitas dapat dikatakan terdapat perbedaan skor PPH keluarga diperkotaan dan skor PPH keluarga dipedesaan (p< 0.05), dimana skor PPH daerah perkotaan lebih tinggi dari pada skor PPH daerah pedesaan. Selain variabel daerah tempat tinggal, variabel jumlah keluarga merupakan variabel yang berperan dominan berhubungan dengan konsumsi energi dan skor PPH nasional diantara variabel independen lainnya.Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa walaupun dengan skor mutu konsumsi pangan yang telah baik, belum dapat dikatakan keragaman konsumsi pangan juga baik. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam peningkatan program gizi, khususnya program penganekaragaman pangan, sesuai dengan anjuran PUGS.

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The Analysis of Quantity and Quality of Family Food Consumption using Desirable Dietary Pattern or Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH) approach in Urban and Rural Area in every district of West Sumatera Province in 1997The quantity- and quality food consumption are important matter to pay attention, in relation with nutrition problem. Over and less in one or more kinds of food will cause lack of certain nutrition substances, especially micro nutrition, while balance food consumption, either in quantity or in quality can prevent the condition of malnutrition, either under nutrition or over nutrition and their following disease.Generally, the quantity of population food consumption in 6 districts in west Sumatra province is quite good (above 90% of energy consumption level), both in rural and urban areas. The quality of food consumption seen according to its diversity level, especially that is made of rice has not decreased, but it even has increased composed to the previous year (63.4%), that is 64% and 66.2% in rural and urban areas. Protein consumption originating from animals is relatively very high, while protein consumption originating from vegetables, especially from peas is relatively low, The PPH score , generally, exceeds the 1.997 national PPH score target (72.26), that is 82.74 and 78.66 for urban and rural areas.The kind of this research is cross sectional survey, using 1021 samples of family aimed to find out the description and difference of family food consumption seen from the quantity point of view, that is energy consumption diversity and PPH score in rural and urban areas.The result of this research shows that there's no difference between urban and rural family food consumption. In quantity point of view it can be said that there is PPH score difference between urban and rural families (p < 0.05), where PPH score in urban area is higher than in rural area. Beside domicile variable, family size variable plays a role dominantly in relation with energy consumption and national PPH score among other variables. In this research it can be conclude that, even though the score of food consumption quality is good, it cannot yet be said that food consumption diversity will be automatically good. It is hoped that this research can be used as a consideration in increasing nutrition program, especially food diversification program, in accordance with guideline nutrition balance proposition."

"Latar belakang: Kejadian malnutrisi pada anak dapat terjadi karena mengonsumsi makanan yang tidak beragam sehingga asupan zat gizi tidak adekuat (UNICEF,2020). (UNICEF, 2020). Keragaman konsumsi pangan yang tinggi berhubungan dengan rendahnya kejadian stunting dan underweight pada balita (Modjadji et al., 2020). Keragaman konsumsi pangan tersebut mengacu pada peningkatan konsumsi berbagai jenis kelompok bahan makanan yang dapat memenuhi zat gizi untuk kesehatan yang optimal. Kualitas gizi dan kelengkapan zat gizi dipengaruhi oleh keberagaman asupan makanan yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak dan faktor dominan terhadap keragaman konsumsi pangan pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara tahun 2023. Metode: desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 188 anak usia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok selama bulan Juni 2023. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kelurahan terpilih, yaitu Kelurahan Kebon Bawang, Kelurahan Sunter Jaya, dan Kelurahan Warakas. Skor keragaman konsumsi pangan diambil menggunakan food recall 1x24 jam berdasarkan 9 kelompok pangan dan dikategorikan menjadi tidak beragam (< 5 kelompok pangan) dan (≥ 5 kelompok pangan). Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menggunakan menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara status pekerjaan ayah (p value = 0,022) dengan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak, pengetahuan gizi ibu/pengasuh (p value = 0,036) dengan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak, dan ketahanan pangan (p value = 0,030) dengan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak. Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan bahwa status pekerjaan ayah merupakan faktor dominan dari keragaman konsumsi pangan anak (OR = 67,5). Kesimpulan: Status pekerjaan ayah menjadi faktor dominan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak usia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara tahun 2023

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Background: Malnutrition in children can occur due to consuming foods that are not diverse, so the intake of nutrients is not adequate (UNICEF, 2020). A high diversity of food consumption is associated with a lower incidence of stunting and underweight in toddlers (Modjadji et al., 2020). Diversity in food consumption refers to increased consumption of various types of food groups that can fulfill nutrients for optimal health. Nutritional quality and completeness of nutrients are influenced by the diversity of food intake consumed.

Objective: To find out the factors related to the dietary diversity of children's and the dominant factors on the dietary diversity of food consumption in children aged 24-59 months in Tanjung Priok District, North Jakarta in 2023.

Method: The method of this research is cross-sectional with a sample size of 188 children aged 24- 59 months in Tanjung Priok District during June 2023. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The research was conducted in three selected subdistricts, namely Kebon Bawang Subdistrict, Sunter Jaya Subdistrict, and Warakas Subdistrict. Food consumption diversity scores were taken using a 1x24 hour food recall based on 9 food groups and categorized into non-diverse (< 5 food groups) and (≥ 5 food groups). The analysis of this study used the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression tests.

Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the father's employment status (p value = 0.022) and the diversity of children's food consumption, the nutritional knowledge of mothers/caregivers (p value = 0.036) with the diversity of children's food consumption, and food security (p value = 0.030) with the diversity of children's food consumption. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the father's employment status was the dominant factor in the diversity of children's food consumption (OR = 67,5).

Conclusion: Father's employment status is the dominant factor in the diversity of food consumption for children aged 24- 59 months in Tanjung Priok District, North Jakarta in 2023."

"The Sufficiency and The Quality of Family Food Consumption in Backward Village and Non Backward Village Kabupaten Simalungun North Sumatera in The Year 1995The causes of the emerge of this nutrition problem depend on the level of nutrition sufficiency. For that reason, the quality and quantity of food and nutrition are the important matter to pay attention. Food consumed has to be balanced in both the quantity and the type. Generally, the energy contribution of rice is still greater than the other foods energy contribution, namely 64.3 a for Simalungun. In the mean time, the calorie consumption for North Sumatera in 1993 is still 1976.37 cal with the quality score 69.3. The real information of food consumption, with in counting the family composition, is not available. Besides, the food consumption related to many factors, some of than are economy, production, and social factor. The poverty is a description of the lack of and the low of population socio-economy condition. One of the program alleviated the poverty has been made by the government by means of IDT program. IDT program described that there is backward village , include in Kabupaten Simalungun. For the reason, the problem of family food consumption, both the quality and the quantity based on backward village and non backward village , is an interesting matter to investigate.

The objective of this research is to understand the description and difference in the quantity of family food consumption, based on the average of energy consumption and the level of energy consumption sufficiency, and to under-stand the quality of food family consumption based on the score of food quality in backward village and non backward village.

This research is an analysis of Nutrition Consumption Survey data held by Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Design used is cross sectional with the number of sample is 1876 house-hold. Analysis are univariat and bivariat analysis, by using Epi Info version 6.0 and SPSS for windos release 6.0.

The result from the analysis is that there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the average of energy consumption, the level of energy consumption sufficiency and the score of food quality among family in back-ward village and non backward village.

From the research result, it is suggested to reconsider the determination of backward village which is held for this time. More over, it is suggested to consider the family composition in counting the average of energy consumption. It is also suggested to formulate the policy for the group of family which consume food greater than the sufficiency level or in balanced food, so that the family behave to consume balanced food. Besides it is suggested to carry out the advanced research about the trend of dietary pattern changing related to some possibilities which related to nutrition disorder. And the last, the implementation of the Nutrition Consumption Survey should have used 'food models'.

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Penyebab timbulnya masalah gizi tidak terlepas dari tingkat kecukupan gizi, oleh karena itu kualitas dan kuantitas pangan dan gizi merupakan masalah penting yang harus diperhatikan. Pangan yang dikonsumsi harus seimbang balk jumlah maupun jenisnya. Umumnya sumbangan energi dari beras masih lebih banyak dari sumbangan energi pangan lainnya, yaitu 64,3 persen di Kab. Simalungun. Sementara itu konsumsi kalori untuk Sumatera Utara tahun 1993 masih 1976,37 kalori dengan skor mutu 69,3. Informasi konsumsi pangan yang sebenarnya, dengan memperhitungkan komposisi keluarga, belum tersedia: Disamping -itu konsumsi pangan berkaitan dengan banyak faktor, diantaranya faktor ekonomi, produksi, dan sosial. Kemiskinan merupakan gambaran dari serba kekurangan dan rendahnya keadaan sosial ekonomi penduduk, untuk itu keadaan ini harus diatasi. Salah satu program mengurangi kemiskinan telah diupayakan pemerintah melalui program IDT (Inpres Desa Tertinggal). Program IDT menggambarkan masih adanya desa tertinggal, termasuk di Kai. Simalungun. Untuk itu masalah konsumsi pangan keluarga, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas yang dilihat di desa tertinggal dan desa tidak tertinggal merupakan suatu hal yang menarik untuk diteliti.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran dan perbedaan konsumsi pangan keluarga yang dilihat dari rata-rata konsumsi energi dan tingkat kecukupan konsumsi energi, serta kualitas konsumsi pangan keluarga yang dilihat dari skor mutu pangan di desa tertinggal dengan di desa tidak tertinggal.Penelitian ini merupakan analisa terhadap data Survei Konsumsi Gizi Tahun 1995 yang dilaksanakan oleh Depkes RI. Disain yang digunakan cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 1876 rumah tangga. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat, menggunakan bantuan 'Epi Info' dan 'SPSS for Windows release 6.0.Dari hasil analisa didapat bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p > 0.05) antara rata-rata konsumsi energi, tingkat kecukupan konsumsi energi dan skor mutu pangan keluarga yang tinggal di desa tertinggal dengan keluarga di desa tidak tertinggal.Disarankan dari hasil penelitian ini, untuk meninjau ulang kembali penentuan desa tertinggal yang selama ini dilakukan. Disamping itu disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan komposisi keluarga dalam perhitungan rata-rata konsumsi energi. Disarankan pula untuk menentukan kebijaksanaan bagi kelompok keluarga yang mengkonsumsi melebihi dari kecukupan atau mengkonsumsi pangan belum seimbang, agar berperilaku konsumsi makanan yang seimbang. Selain itu disarankan untuk mengadakan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai kecenderungan perubahan pola makan dalam kaitannya dengan berbagai kemungkinan kelainan gizi. Selanjutnya bagi pelaksanaan Survei Konsumsi Gizi agar menggunakan food models."

"In this study we estimated empirically the impact of U.S.D.A funded school feeding program on household food expenditures and food behavior in the case of Indonesia. The focus was on children associated food expenditures an aspect of food behavior which is particularly relevant for households' day-to-day decisions affecting their food expenses and consumption. The basic data indicated a positive correlation (p=.65) between household whose children receiving milk at school and household food expenditure: participating households have higher child-related food expenditures, more milk consumption at home, and more percentage of food expenditures to income.We used a reduced-form model of household pattern of expenditure, which controls for relevant household and location characteristics, to estimate the impact of program components to household food expenditure and food behavior. The underlying structural equations treat school feeding program's outputs (milk ration and advocacy) as an input, together with relevant household characteristics, in the household's decision-making process of food consumption. The effects of milk consumption by the children operate through (at least) three mechanisms: sharing of information in peer group, influencing household meals provider with their preference, and broadened household food preference. The magnitude of the children food preference effect was found to be similar to that of program directed to the parents.Differences between two groups of sample are found for most household expenditures, but to be quite the same for most nominal characteristics such as education, location of living, and magnitude of information. With few exceptions, there is no difference in non-food expenditure between these groups.The increasing demand for milk, both in experimental group and control group, suggest the potential of a large Indonesian market for dairy products in the future. But it may leave behind domestic supplier (dairy farmers) in the competition because of free market policy, intensive and integrated marketing efforts by foreign supplier whose efforts are integrated in the program. Consistent and integrated policies on agricultural products are the conditions needed.The differences in consumption patterns between these two groups, and among areas groups imply that development in aggregate consumption patterns in Indonesia will be affected not only by aggregate income growth but also by changes in the distribution and channeling system of information. Using children as channel of promoting behavior change in food pattern is promising."

"Pola konsumsi merupakan kumpulan makanan yang terdiri dari jenis dan jumlah makanan per orang per hari dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Penelitian secara lokal dan internasional menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi tidak sehat yang dilakukan saat remaja akan meningkatkan risiko penyakit tidak menular di masa dewasa. Adapun faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pola konsumsi pada remaja terdiri atas usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, pendapatan orang tua dan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi pola konsumsi selama pandemi COVID-19 pada 165 remaja di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2021 berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut dengan menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional serta metode snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar remaja tidak mengalami perubahan pola konsumsi selama pandemi COVID-19 (37,6%). Berdasarkan analisis uji chi-square, ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pola konsumsi selama pandemi COVID-19 pada remaja di DKI berdasarkan jenis kelamin (P-value = 0,037) dan pendapatan orang tua (P-value = 0,023).

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A consumption pattern is a collection of food consisting of the type and amount of food per person per day in a certain period. Local and international research shows that unhealthy consumption patterns during adolescence will increase the risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. The factors that can affect consumption patterns in adolescents consist of age, gender, mother's education, number of family members, parents' income, and others. This study aims to determine the difference in the proportion of consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in 165 adolescents in DKI Jakarta in 2021 based on these factors by using a cross-sectional study design and snowball sampling method. The results showed that most teenagers did not experience changes in consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic (37.6%). Based on the chi-square test analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference between consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents in DKI Jakarta based on gender (P-value = 0.037) and parents' income (P-value = 0.014)."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) dengan beberapa faktor dan menentukan faktor yang paling dominan pada siswa SMAN 25 Jakarta. Pada penelitian ini, konsumsi Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) merupakan variabel dependen, sedangkan pengaruh paparan media sosial, frekuensi online food ordering, konsumsi fast food, pengetahuan mengenai SSBs, screen time, pengaruh teman, uang jajan, dan jenis kelamin merupakan variabel independen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April 2020 kepada 226 siswa-siswi kelas 10, 11, dan 12 SMAN 25 Jakarta yang dipilih secara tidak acak. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner secara daring (online). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan chi-square, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 75,2% responden memiliki tingkat konsumsi yang tinggi yaitu mengonsumsi SSBs ≥ 3 kali per minggu. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh paparan media sosial, konsumsi fast food, dan screen time berhubungan dengan konsumsi SSBs pada remaja. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan pengaruh paparan media sosial sebagai faktor dominan yang memengaruhi konsumsi SSBs pada remaja. Peneliti menyarankan kepada pihak sekolah untuk dapat menambah edukasi kepada siswanya mengenai perilaku makan yang sehat khususnya dalam pemilihan jenis minuman yang sehat. Pemerintah disarankan untuk memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media untuk intervensi mengenai pemilihan jenis makan dan minuman yang sehat untuk remaja serta merancang regulasi untuk mencegah penyebaran konten maupun iklan mengenai SSBs agar remaja tidak terpapar oleh konten maupun iklan SSBs yang dapat memengaruhi konsumsi SSBs.

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This study aims to determine factors associated with Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) consumption and to determine the dominant factor among students of SMAN 25 Jakarta. The dependent variable in this study is Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) consumption, and the independent variables are frequency of online food ordering, fast food consumption, knowledge about SSBs, screen time, peer influence, pocket money, and sex. This is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. This study conducted in April 2020 at SMAN 25 Jakarta with a total of 226 respondents who were not selected randomly from the first grade until third grade. Data were collected through filling out online questionnaires. The data obtained were then analyzed by univariate, bivariate analysis using chi-square, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The results show that 75,2% of the respondents had a high level of SSB consumption ie consuming SSBs ≥ 3 times per week. The results also show the influence of social media exposure, fast food consumption, and screen time related to the consumption of SSBs in adolescents. Multivariate analysis shows the influence of social media exposure as a dominant factor influencing SSB consumption among adolescents. This study suggests to the school to be able to increase education to students about healthy eating behavior, especially in choosing healthier drinks. The government is advised to use social media as a medium for interventions regarding the selection of healthy foods and drinks for adolescents and to design regulations to prevent the distribution of content and advertisements regarding SSBs so that adolescents are not exposed to SSB content or advertisements that can affect SSB consumption.

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"Penelitian eksplorasi ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan pemahaman konsep makanan pada anak usia early childhood dan middle childhood menggunakan analisis teori Piaget. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih luas mengenai konsep makan anak di kedua kelompok usia. Partisipan penelitian adalah kelompok usia Early Childhood (4-6 tahun) dan anak usia Middle Childhood (8-9 tahun) yang berdomisili di daerah Jakarta. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok usia menunjukkan karakteristik perkembangan kognitif sesuai dengan teori Piaget. Kedelapan partisipan dari kedua usia mempu menjawab pertanyaan yang mencakup tujuan makan, efek dari makanan tertentu, efek dari kuantitas makanan, efek dari diet tidak seimbang, dan ciri dari makanan sehat dan tidak sehat. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara terlihat bahwa faktor sosial seperti pengaruh dari orang tua menjadi faktor yang terbesar dalam memengaruhi konsep anak mengenai makanan dimana hal tersebut menggambarkan adanya social experience yang memengaruhi konsep anak. Anak usia sekolah memiki pemahaman makanan yang lebih baik dibandingkan anak usia early childhood. Anak usia middle childhood sudah mampu menjawab alasan dari jawaban mereka, sedangkan anak usia early childhood belum mampu menjelaskan alasan yang diutarakannya. Partisipan usia middle childhood juga mampu dalam menjelaskan proses yang terjadi di dalam tubuh seseorang ketika mengkonsumsi makanan tertentu.

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This exploratory study aims to compare the understanding of food concepts in early and middle childhood using Piaget's theory analysis. This study used a qualitative approach to obtain a broader picture of the concept of child eating in both age groups. The study participants were Early Childhood age group (4-6 years) and Middle Childhood age group (8-9 years) who lived in the Jakarta area. The results show that both age groups exhibit cognitive development characteristics according to Piaget's theory. The eight participants of both ages were able to answer questions covering the purpose of eating, the effects of certain foods, the effects of food quantity, the effects of an unbalanced diet, and the characteristics of healthy and unhealthy foods. Based on the results of the interview, it can be seen that social factors such as the influence of parents are the biggest factors in influencing the child's concept of food, which illustrates the existence of social experiences that affect the concept of children. Middle Childhood children have better understanding/knowledge of food as opposed to Early Childhood children. Middle Childhood children have been able to elaborate reasons for their answers, in contrast to Early Childhood. Middle Childhood participants are also able to explain the processes that occur in a person's body when consuming certain of foods."

"Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor ? faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan pangan rumah tangga khususnya pangan sumber karbohidrat di Provinsi Maluku dan mengetahui komoditas pangan lokal apa yang berpotensi menjadi pengganti beras sebagai sumber pangan pokok masyarakat di Provinsi Maluku. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis model Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) untuk Provinsi Maluku Tahun 2010. Pola permintaan sumber karbohidrat di Provinsi Maluku secara umum dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan dan harga komoditas baik harga sendiri maupun harga silang dan secara spesifik untuk masing-masing komoditas dipengaruhi faktor sosial demografi yang berbeda-beda. Komoditas yang bersifat substitusi terhadap beras dalam penelitian ini adalah komoditas sagu dan pangan lokal lain (jagung, talas, ubijalar dan kentang). Namun kendalanya, komoditas-komoditas tersebut termasuk dalam komoditas inferior di Provinsi ini. Selain itu, terigu yang merupakan produk impor menjadi salah satu ancaman dalam penyediaan pangan bagi masyarakat di Provinsi Maluku karena komoditas ini bersifat substitusi terhadap seluruh kelompok komoditas yang diteliti selain beras.

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The general objective of this study was to determine the factors that affect the household food demand on source of carbohydrate and the commodities of local resources that could potentially be a substitute for rice as a staple food source for communities in Maluku. The analysis is using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. The data used in this study is data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) of Maluku Province in 2010. The pattern of demand for carbohydrate sources in Maluku Province in general influenced by income and price. The social demographic variables influenced specifically on each commodity. Commodities that are substitutes for rice in this study are sagu and other local foods (corn, talas, sweet potato, and potato). But these commodities are inferior in this province based on income elasticity. In addition, wheat commodities that is imported become one of the threats on food providing specially for Maluku communities, because this commodities are substitutes of all commodities group in this study, except for rice."