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"A study to investigate the effect of iron supplementation program among underfive children in North Central 'Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia was conducted. The study was comprised into two parts: a cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of the ongoing government of Indonesia iron supplementation program and a intervention trial aiming to investigate the effect of daily compared to weekly iron supplementation. Hemoglobin, weight, height and compliance assessment were performed.The cross-sectional study involved 127 underfive children from four health centers. The average of age, weight and height of the recruited subjects was 36.6 months, 10.4 kg and 84.5 cm respectively. The result of this study showed that the prevalence of anemia among 127 underfive children where iron supplementation program has been implemented was still high, (81.5%), although 75.6% of the subjects claimed to take all the iron syrup.The intervention study recruited 160 preschool children and were divided into two groups: for 10 week one group received a daily supplement of 30 mg Fe, while the other group received 30 mg Fe per week A complete data set was obtained from 75 children in the group supplemented daily and 73 children in the group supplemented weekly. Th average age, weight and height of the subjects for daily group were 43.7 months, 12.1 kg and 91.0 cm respectively while 41.8 months, 11.7 kg and 90.3 cm for the weekly group.The result of this study showed a significant hemoglobin increase in both groups (p<0.001) which reduced the prevalence of anemia from 42.3 to 7 % in daily group and from 55.9% to 27.9% in weekly group. Although the weekly group had higher compliance (100%) compared to daily group (42.1%), it is concluded that daily group resulted in a better effect in reducing anemia prevalence among the preschool children."

"The effect of weekly iron supplementation and deworming on the hemoglobin level was studied among 289 children aged 2 to 5 years in a randomized double-masked placebo controlled community trial. Subjects were allocated into 3 groups which respectively received iron supplements and deworming, iron supplements only and placebos. Iron supplementation for 8 weeks using 30 mg elemental iron as ferrous sulphate syrup once per week, led to a significant reduction in the prevalence of anemia from 37.2%. to 16.2%. Using unsupervised distribution by mothers, hemoglobin concentration increased significantly in both groups which received iron (p<0.001) and also in the placebo group (p<0.05), but the changes in both treatment groups were significantly higher than the placebo group (p<0.001). No significant difference in hemoglobin changes was found between those who received additional deworming and those who received iron supplement only. Positive iron in stool were confirmed in 68.2% of the children who were reported received iron supplements (n=66). It is concluded that weekly iron supplementation is effective to reduce the prevalence of anemia among preschoolers."

"Varian gen TMPRSS6 berasosiasi dengan status besi diplasma, tetapi efek tersebut belum dijelaskan pada anak Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalasis apakah SNP rs855791 (G>A) dan rs4820268 (A>G) gen TMPRSS6 berhubungan dengan status besi dan hemoglobin yang rendah dengan mengontrol asupan zat besi pada anak baduta suku Sasak. Studi crossectional ini mengeksplorasi baseline data dari randomized trial di Kabupaten Lombok Timur, sebanyak 121 subyek memenuhi syarat dalam penelitian ini. Real Time PCR, metode Taqman Assay digunakan untuk menganalisis genotip. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varian TMPRSS6 secara signifikan berhubungan dengan feritin, tetapi asupan zat besi lebih berkontribusi terhadap feritin dibandingkan genotipe.

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Variants in TMPRSS6 were associated with plasma iron, but their effects in Indonesian children remain elucidated. This study aim to analyze whether the TMPRSS6 SNPs rs855791 (G>A) and rs4820268 (A>G) were associated with low iron status and hemoglobin controlling for iron intake among Sasaknese. A crossectional study explored the baseline of a randomized trial in East Lombok district, 121 subjects were eligible in the study. Real Time PCR using Taqman-assay method was used for analysis of SNPs genotype. The researcher suggests that TMPRSS6 variants were significantly associated with plasma ferritin, but iron intake still more contribute to ferritin than genotype."

"Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan anemia nutrisional yang menjadi penyebab anemia tersering. Anemia defisiensi besi memiliki dampak terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan kognitif, gangguan perilaku, serta gangguan sistem imun pada anak. Kota Tangerang Selatan merupakan wilayah perkotaan  dengan prevalens anemia pada remaja putri cukup tinggi yaitu 35,32%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalens ADB pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di PAUD wilayah perkotaan, mengetahui profil anak dengan ADB, dan mengetahui rerata Hb dan Ret-He pada populasi tersebut. Penelitian potong lintang ini menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling. ADB ditegakkan apabila kadar Hb <11 g/dl disertai Ret-He ≤27,65 pg, dan defisiensi besi apabila Ret-He ≤27,65 pg tanpa anemia. Hasil penelitian, jumlah subjek adalah 91 anak, terdiri dari 44 lelaki (48%) dan 47 perempuan (52%), median usia 45 bulan (24-59). Prevalens ADB adalah 13,2% (12 dari 91) didominasi usia 48-59 bulan, jenis kelamin perempuan, status gizi baik, penghasilan orangtua cukup, pendidikan orangtua sedang, lahir cukup bulan, mendapat ASI eksklusif, tidak mendapat suplementasi zat besi, mendapat obat cacing dalam 6 bulan terakhir, dan sedang dalam kondisi infeksi akut. Rerata Hb anak usia 24-59 bulan adalah 11,84 ± 1,03 g/dl, median Ret-He untuk anak usia 24-59 bulan adalah 28,9 (18,2-32,8) pg. Rerata Hb pada anak yang mengalami ADB adalah 10,13 ± 0,38 g/dl, median Ret-He pada anak yang mengalami ADB adalah 23,30 (18,2-27,6) pg. Sebagai kesimpulan, prevalens ADB pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di PAUD wilayah perkotaan masih cukup tinggi. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengetahui etiologi dan faktor risiko terjadinya ADB pada anak.

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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is  nutritional anemia and the most prevalent cause of anemia. It has longterm impact on growth, cognitive development, behavioral disorders, and immune disorders in children. Tangerang Selatan is an urban area with high prevalence of anemia in female adolescence, about 35.32%. The aims of this study is to know the prevalence of IDA in children aged 24-59 months in preschools in urban areas, to know the profile of children with IDA, and to know the mean Hb and Ret-He in this population. This is a cross-sectional study with cluster random sampling methods. IDA is defined if Hb value <11 g/dl with Ret-He ≤27.65 pg, iron deficiency if Ret-He ≤27.65 pg without anemia. Results of this study, the total subjects was 91 children, consist of 44 male (48%) and 47 female (52%), the median age was 45 months (24-59). The prevalence of IDA was 13.2% (12 of 91), dominated by age 48-59 months, female gender, normal nutritional status, good parental income, moderate parental education, full term birth, exclusively breastfeeding, not receiving iron supplements, received deworming within last 6 months, and in state of acute infection. The mean Hb for children aged 24-59 months was 11.84 ± 1,03 g/dl, the median Ret-He was 28.9 (18,2-32,8) pg. The mean Hb in children with IDA was 10.13 ± 0,38 g/dl, the median Ret-He was 23.30 (18,2-27,6) pg. Conclusions, the prevalence of IDA in children aged 24-59 months in preschool in urban area is quite high. Further research is needed to determine the etiology and risk factors of IDA in children."

"Anak di bawah dua tahun berisiko tinggi untuk defisiensi zat gizi mikro khususnya defisiensi zat besi, sebagian dikarenakan praktek pemberian makanan tambahan yang salah. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemberian makanan tambahan, rekomendasi makanan tambahan (Complementary Feeding Recommendation - CFR) berbasis pangan lokal dibutuhkan. Suplementasi zat besi digunakan secara luas untuk menanggulangi defisiensi zat besi di negara berkembang; namun, efek dari suplementasi tersebut pada mikronutrien lain dan pertumbuhan menjadi perhatian tersendiri. Fortifikasi zat besi telah menunjukkan dampak negatif pada mikrobiota usus melalui peningkatan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen pada usus dikarenakan peningkatan besi yang diserap dan suplementasi zat besi mungkin memiliki dampak yang serupa pada mikrobiota usus tetapi masih belum pernah diteliti. Sebaliknya, jika suplementasi zat besi diberikan dengan optimalisasi diet menggunakan CFR, status gizi anak-anak akan meningkat dengan efek samping yang lebih kecil pada mikronutrien lain dan pertumbuhan. Studi ini meneliti efek dari suplementasi zat besi; dengan atau tanpa diet optimal; pada status mikronutrien, mikrobiota usus dan pertumbuhan anak-anak Myanmar yang berusia di bawah 2 tahun. Sebuah percobaan acak terkontrol (NCT01758159) dilaksanakan selama 24 minggu pada anak usia 12-23 bulan di Ayeyarwady, Myanmar. Optimalisasi CFR berbasis pangan lokal dikembangkan dengan pendekatan Linear Programming. Pengacakan berdasarkan Desa untuk CFR dan non-CFR dan berdasarkan anak (n=433) untuk suplemen besi atau placebo, menghasilkan: 1. kelompok CFR+Fe (n=112); 2. kelompok CFR (n=112); 3. kelompok Fe (n=105); or 4. kelompok pembanding (plasebo) (n=104). Ibu dari kelompok CFR menerima pendidikan CFR dan anak-anak dari kelompok Fe menerima 15 mg Ferric NaEDTA setiap hari. Serum Feritin, Transferin receptor (sTfR), Zinc, retinol-binding-protein (RBP), C-reactive protein dan α-1 acid glycoprotein; feces untuk melihat mikrobiota usus (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, E.coli, EPEC, EAEC dan ETEC) diukur pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Di awal penelitian, 88.4% anak mengalami anemia (Hb<110g/L); setelah dikontrol dengan infeksi, 74.4% mengalami defisiensi zat besi (SF<12μg/L dan/ atau sTfR>8.3mg/L) dan 68.9% mengalami anemia gizi besi (AGB) (Hb<110g/L and ID), 41.3% mempunyai kadar serum Send rendah (serum send <10.7µmol/L). Suplementasi besi menurunkan anemia, defisiensi zat besi dan AGB dengan atau tanpa pemberian diet optimal. Namun, suplementasi besi meningkatkan risiko serum Send rendah dan pendek (stunting) bila diberikan tanpa penambahan diet optimal. Efek samping ini tidak terlihat saat suplementasi tablet besi diberikan bersama dengan diet yang optimal. Tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada komposisi mikrobiota usus diantara semua kelompok. Suplementasi zat besi harus diberikan bersama dengan diet optimal untuk mengurangi efek samping baik pada kadar zat gizi mikro lainnya di dalam tubuh maupun pertumbuhan anak.

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Children under 2-years of age are at high risk of micronutrient deficiencies especially iron deficiency (ID), partly due to poor complementary feeding practices. To improve feeding practices, local food-based complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) are needed. Iron supplementation is widely used to treat ID in developing countries; however, its potential effects on other micronutrients and growth are of concern. Iron fortification had shown negative impact on gut microbiota with increased growth of gut pathogens due to increased unabsorbed iron. It was assumed that iron supplementation may have similar impact on gut microbiota but has not yet been explored. On the other hand, if iron supplementation is given with optimized diet using CFRs, nutritional status of children would be improved with less adverse effects on other micronutrients status and growth.

The study investigated the effect of iron supplementation; given with or without optimized diet; on micronutrient status, gut microbiota and growth of under 2-year Myanmar children. A randomizedcontrolled trial (NCT01758159) was conducted for 24 weeks among 12-23 month old children from Ayeyarwady, Myanmar. Optimized CFRs based on locally available foods were developed by Linear Programming approach. Randomization by village for CFRs or non-CFRs and by child (n=433) for iron supplements or placebo, created: 1.CFR+Fe (n=112); 2.CFR-alone (n=112); 3.Fe-alone (n=105); or 4.Placebo (n=104) groups. Mothers from CFR-groups received education on CFRs and children from Fe groups received 15mg Ferric NaEDTA daily.

Serum for ferritin (SF), transferrinreceptor (sTfR), zinc, retinol-binding-protein (RBP), C-reactive protein and α-1 acid glycoprotein; stool for gut microbiota (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, E.coli, EPEC, EAEC and ETEC) were measured at baseline and endline. At baseline, 88.4% of children were anemic (Hb<110g/L); after adjusting for infection, 74.4% had ID (SF<12μg/L and/or sTfR>8.3mg/L) 68.9% had irondeficiency- anemia (IDA) (Hb<110g/L and ID), and 41.3% had low serum zinc status (serum zinc <10.7μmol/L).

Iron supplementation reduced anemia, ID and IDA whether or not it was given with optimized diet. However, iron supplementation increased the risk of low serum zinc and stunting when it is given without optimized diet. These adverse effects were not seen when iron supplementation was given with optimized diet. No significant difference was found in gut microbiota composition among groups. In conclusion, iron supplementation should be given together with optimized diet to reduce its adverse effect on other micronutrients status and growth to best improve nutritional status of these children."

"Defisiensi besi merupakan salah satu penyebab komorbid anemia renal yang dapat meningkatkan mortalitas anak dengan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) sehingga dibutuhkan parameter yang bernilai diagnostik baik. Diagnosis defisiensi besi pada PGK sulit karena memerlukan kombinasi parameter yang dipengaruhi inflamasi sehingga tidak praktis dan mahal. Rekomendasi parameter baru yang mudah, lebih murah, dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh inflamasi adalah reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He). Tujuan penelitian adalah mencari titik potong RET-He untuk diagnosis anemia defisiensi besi absolut dan fungsional pada anak PGK. Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang terhadap 59 anak PGK berusia 2-18 tahun di Indonesia. Kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) dikerjakan untuk menentukan titik potong RET-He optimal dengan menggunakan IBM SPSS versi 20. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent dengan titik potong ≤ 25,75 pg (sensitivitas 90,00%, spesifisitas 73,47%, NDP 40,91%, NDN 97,30%, dan akurasi 76,27%) dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis anemia defisiensi besi absolut sedangkan RET-He dengan titik potong ≤ 30,15 pg (sensitivitas 85,71%, spesifisitas 32,79%, NDP 14,63%, NDN 94,44%, dan akurasi 38,98%) tidak dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis anemia defisiensi besi fungsional. Peneliti menarik kesimpulan bahwa RET-He dapat digunakan sebagai parameter anemia defisiensi besi pada anak PGK dengan nilai batasan ≤ 25,75 pg dan penggunaan RET-He dalam mendiagnosis defisiensi besi harus disertai dengan parameter lain seperti hemoglobin (Hb).

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Iron deficiency are one causes of comorbid renal anemia that can increase mortality in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) so that parameters with good diagnostic value are needed. The diagnosis of iron deficiency in CKD is difficult because it requires a combination of parameters which are affected by inflammation so it is impractical and expensive. The new parameter recommendation which is easy, cheaper, and not affected by inflammation is reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He). The aim of the study was to look for RET-He cut-off points in diagnosing absolute and functional iron deficiency anemia in pediatric CKD. This is a cross-sectional study of 59 children aged 2-18 years diagnosed as CKD in Indonesia. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the optimal RET-He cut off points using IBM SPSS version 20. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent ≤ 25.75 pg (sensitivity 90.00%, specificity 73.47%, PPV 40.91%, NPV 97,30%, and accuracy 76.27%) can be used for the diagnosis of absolute iron deficiency anemia in pediatric CKD while RET-He with a cut off point ≤ 30.15 pg (sensitivity 85.71%, specificity 32.79%, PPV 14.63%, NPV 94.44%, and accuracy 38.98%) cannot be used for the diagnosis of functional iron deficiency anemia. The researcher draws the conclusion that REt-He can be used as a parameter of iron deficiency anemia in pediatric CKD with a cut-off value ≤ 25.75 pg and the usage of RET-He must be accompanied by other parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb)."

"Anemia menunjukkan rendahnya konsentrasi hemogloblin darah, yang penyebab utamanya secara signifikan karena kekurangan zat besi. Selama masa remaja, anemia diperkirakan merupakan masalah gizi terbesar, baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja usia 15-19 tahun di provinsi Sumatera terpilih. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional memanfaatkan data Survey Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia SAKERTI tahun 2007.Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa prevalensi anemia pada remaja usia 15-19 tahun di provinsi Sumatera terpilih sebesar 15,5 . Variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian anemia antara lain jenis kelamin dan tingkat pengeluaran konsumsi sayur serta buah.

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Anemia show the low concentrate of hemoglobin blood, which main cause significantly due to a deficiency of iron. During adolescent, anemia estimated is a largest nutrition problem that faced not only in developed countries but also on developing countries.

This study aims to determine the factors related to anemia in adolescent in selected Sumatera province. This study using cross sectional study design based on data of Indonesian Family Life Survey IFLS in 2007.

Results of this study declare that the prevalence of anemia in adolescent 15 19 years old in selected Sumatera province is 15,5 . Variables that have a significant relationship with the incidence of anemia are gender and expenditure consumption vegetables and fruits."

"Latar belakang. Anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) berisiko mengalami defisiensi besi dan anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) karena peningkatan kebutuhan besi akibat hipoksia kronik. Diagnosis defisiensi besi pada anak PJB sianotik mengalami tantangan karena terdapat polisitemia dan inflamasi. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) adalah parameter status besi yang baru dan andal, tetapi belum terdapat nilai potong untuk evaluasi status besi anak PJB sianotik.Tujuan. Mengetahui peran dan menentukan nilai potong Ret-He untuk diagnosis defisiensi besi dan ADB pada anak PJB sianotik.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik terhadap 59 anak PJB sianotik usia 3 bulan-18 tahun di RSCM dan RSAB Harapan Kita. Pengambilan darah dilakukan untuk menilai parameter hematologis (hemoglobin, hematokrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin) dan biokimiawi status besi standar (feritin serum, saturasi transferin) sebagai baku emas untuk menentukan status besi, kemudian dibandingkan dengan nilai Ret-He. Kurva receiveing operating characteristic (ROC) dikerjakan untuk menentukan nilai potong Ret-He untuk diagnosis defisiensi besi dan ADB.Hasil. Median usia subjek adalah 23(3-209) bulan dengan lelaki 52,5% (n=31). Didapatkan status besi normal 27/59 (45,8%), defisiensi besi 8/59 (13,5%), dan ADB 24/59 (40,7%). Nilai potong Ret-He untuk defisiensi besi adalah 28,8 pg dengan sensitivitas 75%, spesifisitas 85,2%, NDP 60%, NDN 92%, dan AUC 0,828. Nilai potong Ret-He untuk ADB adalah 28,15 pg dengan sensitivitas 75%, spesifisitas 88,9%, NDP 85,7%, NDN 80%, dan AUC 0,824. Parameter Ret-He tetap memerlukan pemeriksaan hemoglobin dalam mendiagnosis ADB. Pada anak PJB sianotik, defisiensi besi dapat ditegakkan dengan nilai Ret-He <28,8 pg dengan hemoglobin >16,5 g/dL. Anemia defisiensi besi dapat ditegakkan dengan nilai Ret-He <28,15 pg atau Ret-He 28,15-28,8 pg dengan hemoglobin <16,5 g/dL.Kesimpulan. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi status besi anak PJB sianotik dengan nilai potong < 28,8 pg untuk defisiensi besi dan <28,15 pg untuk ADB.

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Background: Pediatric cyanotic heart disease (CHD) has a significant risk developing iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to chronic hypoxia. Diagnostic challenge occurs as polycythemia and inflammation happened. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is a new and reliable parameter for iron status evaluation. However, there is no previous study regarding cut-off value in pediatric CHD population.

Objective: To evaluate the role of Ret-He and to determine cut-off points in diagnosis of iron deficiency and IDA in pediatric CHD.

Methods: A diagnostic study of 59 children aged 3 months to 18 years with CHD in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Harapan Kita Women and Children’s Hospital. The hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrite, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin) and biochemical parameters for iron status (serum ferritin, transferrin saturation) evaluated to determine iron status and then compared to the Ret-He levels. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done for Ret-He cut-off points.

Result: The median age of the subjects was 23(3-209) months-old with 52.5% male (n=31). Normal iron status was found in 27 (45.8%) subjects, iron deficiency in 8 (13.5%) subjects, and IDA 24 (40.7%) subjects. The Ret-He cut-off point for iron deficiency is 28.8 pg (sensitivity 75%, specificity 85.2%, PPV 60%, NPV 92%, and AUC 0.828). The Ret-He cut-off point for IDA is 28.15 pg (sensitivity 75%, specificity 88.9%, PPV 85.7%, NPV 80%, and AUC 0.824). The usage of Ret-He should be accompanied by hemoglobin. In this population, iron deficiency could be diagnosed with Ret-He <28.8 pg with hemoglobin >16.5 g/dL. While IDA could be diagnosed with Ret-He <28.15 pg or Ret-He 28.15-28,8 pg with hemoglobin <16.5 g/dL.

Conclusion. Ret-He could be used as a parameter of iron status in pediatric CHD with a cut-off value <28.8 pg for iron deficiency and <28.15 pg for IDA."

"Saat ini, permasalahan gizi pada anak usia Bawah Dua Tahun (BADUTA) menjadi perhatian dikarenakan 1000 hari pertama kehidupan merupakan fase terpenting (kritis) anak dimana pada tahap ini puncak pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak dan fisik anak terjadi. Kecerdasan anak merupakan hasil interaksi antara faktor alami dan lingkungan.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Gen TMPRSS6, status besi, dan stimulasi dengan fungsi kognitif pada anak BADUTA di etnis Sasak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional pada 194 anak Sasak. Pada penelitian ini dapat dilihat interaksi antara faktor bawaan (nature) yaitu polimorfisme gen TMPRSS6 dan juga faktor lingkungan yaitu stimulasi (nurture).

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Under two years old children become a concern in nutrition science because the first 1000 days of life is critical window of opportunity to ensure the optimum development of children through the peak of brain and physical growths. Cognitive function has been recognized as result from interaction between nature and nurture. This study aimed to assess the simultaneous association between independent variable with developmental outcome. This study was cross-sectional study conduct on 194 Sasaknese children. The nature factor was TMPRSS6 gene polymorphism in SNP rs855791 had border line association and the nurture factor is psychosocial stimulation from the environment."

"Latar Belakang: Kekurangan zat besi adalah kekurangan zat gizi mikro yang paling sering terjadi pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun. Anemia pada balita di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Kekurangan vitamin C dapat menyebabkan IDA. Lingkungan rumah merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan asupan gizi anak, karena 65 hingga 72% kalori harian dikonsumsi di rumah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan aspek fisik dan sosial lingkungan makanan rumah dengan asupan zat besi dan vitamin C pada anak usia 2-6 tahun di Pejagalan. Metode: Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional untuk mengumpulkan data sekunder dari 191 ibu dan anak di Pejagalan, Jakarta Utara. Wawancara dengan kuesioner standar digunakan untuk menentukan asupan zat besi dan vitamin C anak-anak. Kuesioner Perilaku Konsumen mengevaluasi lingkungan makanan rumah (CBQ). SPSS Versi 20 digunakan untuk korelasi Spearman dan regresi linier berganda.. Hasil: Konsumsi zat besi dan vitamin pada anak-anak lebih rendah dari asupan harian yang direkomendasikan (RDI) untuk Indonesia. Ditemukan bahwa mereka yang memiliki akses ke lebih banyak buah dan sayuran juga mengonsumsi lebih banyak zat besi dan vitamin C. Hubungan antara memantau praktik pemberian makan (p=0.024, p=0.035) dan peningkatan konsumsi zat besi dan vitamin C ditemukan. Buah, sayur, manisan, dan SSB meningkatkan asupan zat besi. Ketersediaan buah dan aksesibilitas buah (p<0.05) berhubungan dengan asupan vitamin C. Memantau perilaku makan (p=0.017) merupakan satu-satunya faktor sosial yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi zat besi dan vitamin C. Kami tidak menemukan korelasi antara konsumsi zat besi dan faktor fisik dan sosial, perilaku makan anak, atau sosiodemografi. Kesimpulan: Hanya Memantau kebiasaan makan responden mempengaruhi asupan vitamin C mereka. Peran orang tua dalam pemberian makan sangat penting dalam memastikan bahwa anak-anak mengkonsumsi makanan dalam jumlah yang cukup. Ini melibatkan pemantauan praktik makan untuk meningkatkan asupan mikronutrien anak-anak

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Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most frequent micronutrient deficiency in children under the age of five. Anemia among children under five years old is increasing year on year in Indonesia. Vitamin C insufficiency can induce IDA. The home environment is a critical factor in determining a child's nutritional intake, as 65 to 72% of daily calories are consumed at home. Therefore, this study aimed to assess correlation between physical and social aspects of home food environment with iron and vitamin C intake in children aged 2-6 years in Pejagalan. Methods: This observational study used a cross-sectional approach to collect secondary data from 191 mothers and children in a North Jakarta slum. Interviews with standardized questionnaires were used to determine children's iron and vitamin C intake. Consumer Behavior Questionnaire evaluated home food environment (CBQ). SPSS Version 20 was used for Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression. Result: Iron and vitamin consumption in children was lower than the recommended daily intake (RDI) for Indonesia. It was shown that those who had access to more fruits and vegetables also consumed more iron and vitamin C. A correlation between monitoring feeding practices (p=0.024, p=0.035) and increased consumption of iron and vitamin C was discovered. Fruits, vegetables, sweets, and SSB availability increased iron intake. Fruit availability (p<0.05) and fruit accessibility (p<0.05) were connected with vitamin C intake. Monitoring eating behaviors (p=0.017) was the only social factor connected with iron and vitamin C consumption. We found no correlation between iron consumption and physical and social factors, child eating behavior, or sociodemography. Conclusion: Only monitoring respondents' food habits affected their vitamin C intake. The role of parents in feeding is critical in ensuring that children consume an adequate amount of food. This involves monitoring eating practices to enhance children's micronutrient intake."