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"This cross sectional study was carried out in Jakarta, among institutionalized elderly aged 60 - 74 years. Rabe study reported that there is a high prevalence of low body mass index (BMI) value among the elderly in Jakarta. Ferro-Luzzi et at (1992) and James et al (1988) stated that an adult person with BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2 was proposed being chronic energy deficient (CED) and had functioning and health impairment. General aim of this study is to investigate whether low BMI among elderly is associated with adaptation in energy expenditure and had negative consequences on health. Based on James and colleague classification of BMI, two groups of elderly with different BMI value represented this study. Twenty elderly subjects with BMI < 11.00 kg/m2 (low BMI group) and 20 elderly subjects with BMI 22.0 --25.00 kg/m2 (normal BMI group). To every subject in each group was conducted questionnaires, Hb level measurement, 2 days combined record and recall daily physical activity, 2 days combined food weighing and 24-hour food recall intake, and resting energy expenditure (REE). Body composition was assessed by skinfolds technique and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using Lukaski and Deurenberg equations. Result revealed that fat mass and fat free mass of low BMI subjects are significantly lower than the normal BMI subjects. The low BMI subjects had very low fat mass. However, both groups had same PAL [1.3 X basal Metabolic rate (BMR)]. The low BMI subjects who were considered as CED had similar level of activity of daily living (ADL) as those with normal BMI subjects. Both BMI group had no significant different on the number of health complaint. On the whole, findings indicated that the CED elderly had no physical adaptation and negative consequences on health. Anyway using the cut-off point to define CED proposed by Ferro-Luzzi and colleague for Indonesian elderly needs carefully consideration. "

"Penerapan sistem pendidikan jarak jauh sebagai upaya pencegahan pandemi Covid-19 menjadi penyebab perubahan pola aktivitas mahasiswa. Mahasiswa cenderung lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya di depan gawai untuk menjalani rangkaian perkuliahan. Aktivitas fisik rendah dan tingginya aktivitas duduk menyebabkan perubahan pada indeks massa tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan indeks massa tubuh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel 234 mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bivariat uji chi square. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuesioner IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form) dan indeks massa tubuh ditentukan secara tidak langsung melalui kuesioner berat badan dan tinggi badan yang diisi secara mandiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aktivitas duduk rerata mahasiswa selama menjalani pendidikan jarak jauh 7,4 jam/hari. Sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah dan aktivitas fisik sedang sebesar 47,4% dan 44,9%. Hanya 7,7% mahasiswa yang mempunyai aktivitas fisik tinggi. Mayoritas Mahasiswa UI memiliki indeks massa tubuh normal 56,8%, namun tingkat kegemukan dan obesitas mahasiswa juga tinggi, masing-masing sebesar 15,8% dan 13,7%. Didapatkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan indeks massa tubuh mahasiswa selama pelaksanaan pendidikan jarak jauh (p value 0,024 < 0,05). Dari hasil penelitian, peneliti merekomendasikan mahasiswa untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisiknya dan memperhatikan indeks massa tubuh yang ideal selama pelaksanaan perkuliahan daring.

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The implementation of the distance education system as an effort to prevent the Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes in student activity patterns. Students tend to spend more time in front of the device to undergo a series of lectures. Low physical activity and high sitting activity cause changes in body mass index. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and student body mass index. This study used a cross sectional and data were collected from 234 university students. This study uses bivariate analysis of chi square. Physical activity was measured using the IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form) and Body Mass Index was determined indirectly through a weight and height questionnaire that was filled out independently. The findings showed that the average sitting activity of students during distance learning was 7.4 hours/day. Most students have low physical activity and moderate physical activity by 47.4% and 44.9%, respectively. Only 7.7% of students have high physical activity. The majority of UI Students have a normal body mass index of 56.8%, but the overweight and obesity rates of students are also high, at 15.8% and 13.7%, respectively. It was found that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and student body mass index during the implementation of distance education (p value 0.024 <0.05). According to the findings, researchers recommend students to increase their physical activity and pay attention to the ideal body mass index during the implementation of online lectures."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Obesitas dan berat badan berlebih merupakan salah satu kondisi kesehatan yang menjadi masalah di Indonesia. Berdasarkan survey Riskesdas pada tahun 2018, sebesar 21,8% orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh ialah kurangnya aktivitas fisik, namun belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang dapat menilai hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan peningkatan berat badan serta indeks massa tubuh pada mahasiswa tahun pertama.Tujuan: Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan perubahan berat badan dan indeks massa tubuh pada mahasiswa tahun pertama Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.Metode: Data perubahan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) didapatkan melalui dua kali pengukuran pada awal dan akhir tahun ajaran. Data awal merupakan data sekunder dari Klinik Makara pada awal tahun ajaran dan data akhir didapatkan melalui pengukuran yang dilakukan di RIK UI pada bulan Mei 2019. Untuk data aktivitas fisik didapatkan melalui pengisian kuisioner Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) pada pengambilan data akhir. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji chi-square untuk menilai hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kenaikan IMT.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis indeks massa tubuh pada awal dan akhir penelitian, tidak ditemukan adanya perubahan yang signifikan pada indeks massa tubuh subjek (p>0,05). Pada analisis tingkat aktivitas fisik didapatkan bahwa sekitar 27% subjek tidak melakukan aktivitas fisik sesuai dengan rekomendasi WHO, namun tidak ditemukan hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan perubahan indeks massa tubuh (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Tidak terjadi peningkatan indeks massa tubuh yang signifikan pada mahasiswa tahun pertama Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan perubahan indeks massa tubuh pada mahasiswa tahun pertama Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Obesity and overweight is one of the medical conditions that is still a problem in Indonesia. According to Riskesdas survey in 2018, 21,8% of adults above 18 years old are obese. One of the factor that is thought to be significant in these increases is insufficient physical activity. Howerver, there is no study about the relationship between physical activity and the increase in body mass index and body weight in Indonesian college freshmen.

Objective: The objective of this study is to find the correlation between physical activity and the change in body weight and body mass index in freshmen of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.

Methods: The data about change in body mass index is obtained by taking measurements at the start and the end of the academic year. The initial data is a secondary data from Klinik Makara and the second data is a primary data obtained by taking measurement in May 2019 at UI Health Cluster. The data about physical activity is obtained using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) during the second measurement. Then, chi-square test is done to find the relationship among determinants and outcome.

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"Latar Belakang. Densitas tulang yang rendah pada usia lanjut antara lain dipengaruhi oleh gangguan produksi dan metabolisme vitamin D, konsumsi alkohol, aktivitas fisik yang kurang, indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang rendah, merokok yang berlebihan dan asupan kaisium yang rendah. Asupan kalsium, indeks massa tubuh dan kapasitas fisik diketahui berpengaruh pada densitas massa tulang.Korelasi antara asupan kaisium, IMT dan kapasitas fisik dengan densitas massa tulang masih kontroversi dan di Indonesia masih belum banyak diteliti khususnya di Panti Werda.Tujuan. Mengetahui korelasi asupan kalsium, IMT, kapasitas fisik dengan densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur wanita usia lanjut serta gambaran densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur, jumlah asupan kalsium, gambaran IMT,dan kapasitas fisik wanita usia lanjut di Panti Werda.Metodalogi. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada wanita usia lanjut (?60 tahun) di Panti Werda. Subyek penelitian didapat dengan metode cluster random sampling dan yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Kriteria inklusinya adalah berusia 60 tahun atau lebih, jenis keiamin perempuan, masih dapat mandiri (ADL Barthel >16), dan bersedia ikut daiam penelitian. Dilakukan uji korelasi Pearson dengan aiternatif uji korelasi Spearman jika sebaran data tidak normal untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan kalsium, IMT dan kapasitas fisik dengan densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur.Hasil. Selama periode Maret-Mei 2005 dilakukan penelitian terhadap 51 wanita usia lanjut di 2 Panti Werda Jakarta dan Bekasi. Median usia 70,5 (7,5) tahun, median asupan kalsium 283 gram/hari, IMT 22,28 (4,2) kg/m2 dan kapasitas fisik sebesar 4,8(1,6) Metz. Sedangkan rerata densitas tulang lumbal 0,842(0,I64) gramlcm2 dan densitas tulang femur 0,652(0,097) grarnlcm2. Didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara IMT dengan densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur (r = 0,677 ; p = 0,000 dan r = 0, 508 ; p = 0,000), dan tidak didapatkan korelasi antara asupan kalsium dengan densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur (r = 0,146 ; p = 0,308 dan r = 0,096 ; p = 0,501) dan kapasitas fisik dengan densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur (r=0,016; p=0,913 dan r=0,143 dan nilai p=0,318).Kesimpulan. Didapatkan korelasi antara IMT dengan densitas massa tulang lumbal dan femur sedangkan korelasi antara asupan kalsium dan kapasitas fisik dengan densitas tulang lumbal dan femur wanita usia lanjut di Panti Werda belum dapat dibuktikan. Prevalensi densitas tulang lumbal dan femur wanita usia lanjut di panti werda Jakarta dan Bekasi berkurang sebesar 100% dan 99,8%., asupan kalsiumnya rendah, indeks massa tubuh normal dan kapasitas fisik tingkat menengah.

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Backgrounds

Low bone density in elderly may be caused by decreased production and metabolic dysfunction of vitamin D metabolism, alcohol consumption, decreased physical activity, low BMI, excessive smoking, and low calcium intake. Calcium intake, BMI and physical capacity had already been known to have influence on BMD. The correlation between calcium intake, BMI and physical capacity with BMD is still controversial and there is not much data in Indonesia regarding of it especially in elderly population.

Objective

To investigate the correlation between calcium intakes, body mass index and physical capacity with lumbar and femoral bone mass density of elderly women in nursing homes.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted in elderly women in nursing homes. Subjects were obtained by cluster random sampling method and fulfilled inclusion criteria Inclusion criteria were age more than 60 years old, female, and Barthel index >16. We have done Pearson correlation test with Spearman test as alternative if data distribution was not normal.

Result

A cross sectional study was conducted on 51 elderly women in 2 nursing homes in Bekasi between March and May 2005. Median age was 70.5 years, median calcium intake 283 gram/day, BMI 22.28 ± 42 kg/m2 and physical capacity 4.8 ± 1,6 metz. Mean of lumbar BMD was 0.842 ± 0.164 gram/cm2 and mean femoral BMD was 0.652 ± 0.097 gram/cm2. We found significant correlation between BMI and lumbar and femoral BMD (r).677;p).000 and r =508; p=0.000) and there was no correlation between calcium intake and lumbar and femoral BMD (rO.146;p-0.000 and r=0.096;p=0.50 l ). There were no correlation found between physical capacity and lumbar and femoral BMD (r).016;p 0.913 and r-0.143 and p O.318).

Conclusion

This study showed correlation between BMI and lumbar and femoral BMD. We found no correlation between calcium intake and physical capacity with femoral and lumbar BMD in elderly women in nursing homes in Jakarta and Bekasi. Prevalensi of lumbar BMD and femoral BMD of elderly women in nursing homes in Jakarta was decreased (100% and 99,8%).Calcium intake was low, BMI was normal and physical capacity was moderate level."

"Ketersediaan data tentang faktor?faktor yang berhubungan dengan metabolik sindrom pada kelompok lanjut usia di Indonesia sangat terbatas. Data tersebut sangat diperlukan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi metabolik sindrom dan hubungan pengukuran antropometrik, profil lipid, tekanan darah, asupan makanan dan aktifitas fisik dengan metabolik sindrom pada kelompok lanjut usia. Suatu studi dengan rancangan ?cross sectional? dilakukan di Jakarta dengan menggunakan metoda ?multistage random sampling?. Jumlah responden 352 orang lanjut usia wanita dan 137 orang lanjut usia pria. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri, analisa biokimia darah, analisa asupan makanan dan pengukuran indeks aktivitas. Prevalensi metabolik adalah 18.2% pada lanjut usia wanita dan 6.6% pada lanjut usia pria. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pada lanjut usia yang mempunyai berat badan berlebih, risiko untuk mempunyai metabolik sindrom hampir empat kali lebih tinggi dibanding lanjut usia dengan indeks masa tubuh normal (rasio odds suaian = 3.98; 95% confidence interval 2.23 - 7.10). Lanjut usia dengan plasma total kolesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl, risiko untuk mendapatkan metabolik sindrom 2.7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang mempunyai plasma total kolesterol < 240 mg/dl. Sementara lanjut usia yang mempunyai rasio total kolesterol terhadap HDL kolesterol ≥ 5, risiko untuk menderita metabolik sindrom dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang rasionya < 5. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan profil lipid, pengukuran tekanan darah dan pengukuran antropometrik sederhana yang teratur pada kelompok lanjut usia penting dilakukan untuk mendeteksi risiko terjadinya sindroma metabolik. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:195-200)

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Available data on metabolic syndrome amongst the aged Indonesian population are limited, despite the importance of these data for cardio vascular disease (CVD) preventive measures. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associations between anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, blood pressure, nutrient intakes and physical activity and metabolic syndrome in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from January to April 2000 at selected Public Health Centers in Jakarta using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood analysis, nutrient intake assessment and activity index. The subjects consisted of 352 females and 137 males. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among females was 18.2% and 6.6% in males. This study shows metabolic syndrome was associated with gender, body mass index, total cholesterol and the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol. Elderly who were overweight based on body mass index (BMI) had almost a four-fold increased risk for metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio = 3.98; 95% confidence interval 2.23 - 7.10). Those who had plasma total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl had a 2.7 times greater risk of having metabolic syndrome than those with plasma total cholesterol < 240 mg/dl. Furthermore, in terms of the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, those who had a ratio ≥ 5 compared to a ratio < 5 had two-fold increased risk for metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of routine checks of lipid profile, blood pressure and simple anthropometric assessment to detect the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:195-200)"

"ABSTRACTBackground: antiretroviral drug-related liver injury (ARLI) is a drug-induced hepatotoxicity due to antiretroviral medication (ARV). It commonly disrupts compliance to treatment and causes treatment discontinuation in HIV-infected patients. Several studies have been conducted on predisposing factors for ARLI including studies on body mass index (BMI) and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4). The association of BMI and CD4 with ARLI remains controversial as previous studies have demonstrated different outcomes. Our study was conducted to identify the association of low baseline BMI and CD4 cell count as risk factors for ARLI in HIV-infected patients. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 75 patients with HIV-AIDS who received ARV therapy using fixed-dose combination (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) at the Teratai HIV outpatient clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung city. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test was performed prior to starting ARV treatment and the test was repeated on the sixth month of therapy. Results: there was no significant difference on the proportion of low baseline CD4 count between ARLI and non-ARLI group (p=0.155). Bivariate analysis demonstrated that regarding the proportion of low baseline BMI, there was a significant difference between ARLI and non-ARLI group (p= 0.001). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 increased the risk for developing ARLI by 5.53 fold; while CD4 cell count of < 200 cells/µL did not the risk. Conclusion: our study indicates that low baseline BMI may increase the risk for developing ARLI; while low baseline CD4 cell count does not; therefore, we suggest that ALT test should be performed on a routine basis among HIV-AIDS patients for early detection of ARLI, particularly in patients with low BMI."

"Latar belakang: Menarke merupakan kondisi ketika seorang remaja putri mengalami menstruasi pertama kali. Di Indonesia, usia menarke diketahui mengalami tren penurunan. Menarke dini dapat meningkatkan berbagai risiko terjadinya masalah-masalah kesehatan, di antaranya masalah reproduktif dan psikologis. Perubahan gaya hidup hingga asupan nutrisi diyakini menjadi faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi usia menarke baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi ultra-processed food dengan usia menarke.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, pengisian kuesioner, dan wawancara 24 hour recall dilakukan dalam pengumpulan data. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Uji post-hoc Mann-Whitney juga dilakukan untuk variabel yang signifikan.Hasil: Didapatkan 91 sampel yang sudah menstruasi dari 3 sekolah dasar dan 1 sekolah menengah pertama di Jakarta Barat. Berdasarkan analisis data, didapatkan terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dan usia menarke (p < 0,011). Namun, tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi ultra-ptocessed food terhadap usia menarke (p > 0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan usia menarke, sedangkan aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi ultra-processed food tidak berhubungan dengan usia menarke.

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Introduction: Menarche is a condition when a young woman experiences menstruation for the first time. In Indonesia, the age of menarche is known to experience a downward trend. Early menarche can increase the risk of various health problems, including reproductive and psychological problems. Changes in lifestyle and nutritional intake are believed to be factors that can affect the age of menarche either directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between body mass index, physical activity, and consumption of ultra-processed food and age at menarche.

Methods: This study was conducted with cross-sectional design study. Measurement of weight and height, filling out questionnaires, and interview using 24 hours recall were carried out in data collection. Data analysis in this study used the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Post-hoc test using Mann-Whitney test was also performed for significant variable.

Results: There were 91 samples who had menstruated from 3 elementary schools and 1 junior high school in West Jakarta. Based on data analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between body mass index and age at menarche (p < 0.011). However, there was no relationship found between physical activity and consumption of ultra-processed food on the age of menarche (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche, while physical activity and consumption of ultra-processed food are not associated with age at menarche."

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Latar belakang: Menarke merupakan salah satu peristiwa dalam pubertas. Usia menarke remaja perempuan di Indonesia mengalami tren penurunan. Berbagai faktor dapat mempengaruhi usia menarke, seperti Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), aktivitas fisik, kondisi sosioekonomi, dan genetik. Penelitian terkini menyebutkan bahwa paparan polusi dapat mempengaruhi usia menarke.

Metode: Desain penelitian yang dilakukan adalah cross-sectional untuk melihat hubungan usia menarke remaja putri di Kota Jakarta Timur dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), aktivitas fisik, dan paparan polusi. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 Sekolah Dasar (SD) dan 2 Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Jakarta Timur pada siswi berusia 9-15 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang tervalidasi.

Hasil: Rerata usia menarke adalah 11,4 ± 1,04 tahun. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia menarke dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (p=0,042). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia menarke dengan aktivitas fisik (p=0,163). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia menarke dengan paparan polusi (p=0,632).

Kesimpulan: Usia menarke berhubungan signifikan dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Namun, tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara usia menarke dengan aktivitas fisik dan paparan polusi.

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Introduction: Menarche is a part of puberty. Age at menarche in Indonesian adolescents shows a declining trend. Studies found that age at menarche correlates with Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, socioeconomic status, and genetics. Recent publications show that pollution exposure correlates with age at menarche.

Method: The study design is cross-sectional to investigate the correlation between age at menarche and Body Mass Index, physical activity, and pollution exposure. This study was conducted on girls aged 9-15 years in 3 primary schools and 2 secondary schools in East Jakarta. This study used a validated questionnaire.

Result: Mean age at menarche was 11,4 ± 1,04 years. There is a significant correlation between age at menarche and Body Mass Index (p=0,042). There is no significant correlation between age at menarche and physical activity (p=0,163). There is also no significant correlation between age at menarche and exposure to pollution (p=0,632).

Conclusion: Age at menarche correlates with Body Mass Index (BMI). However, age at menarche does not correlate with physical activity and exposure to pollution

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