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"With the increasing popularity of the use of computer in the United States there is a new subfield of American Folklore known as computer folklore. This new subfield focuses on computer and its users, the intricacies of technology or its specific characteristics. Computer folklore hasn't been fully documented even though it started to be quite popular at the end of the 1940s. Because it mainly discusses aspects of urban life or its sophisticated folks it is also called urban folklore."

"A number of literary works may be classified as social criticism, raising issue that are fell to disturb or oven threaten deeply rooted values. Some of the writing have received positive response, mainly from contemporary authorities, as concrete actions have been taken to address. In the history of American literature Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter may be the earliest novel lo criticize a fanatically religious society. Published In 1850, the work tells of an illicit relationship between a priest and a married woman, amid a society that radically follows pious norms. Though this society lived some 1 50 years before his time, Hawthorne must have felt the relevance the story bore in his days. In fact, even today radicalism can hardly be tolerated. Other novels discussed in this treatise are those that have significant impact on people, including the authorities, inducing them lo lake remedial actions or at least lo question their disposition hitherto. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853), for example, sparked the Civil War The Jungle [1910} by Upton Sinclair caused the government to issue the Food and Drug Act. Some thirty years later John Steinbeck published his phenomenal The Grapes of Wrath, describing victims of the Great Depression and inducing President Roosevelt to instruct banks to provide soft loans to farmers badly stricken by the crisis, In 1 949 Richard Wright wrote Native Son, raising the racial discrimination issue, a social problem which persists till today This writing concludes with the novel The Color Purple (1963) in which feminist writer Alice Walker very aptly deals with the gender issue."

"Tulisan ini bertujuan mendefinisikan kritik sosial yang terkandung di dalam puisi Joko Pinurbo “Bayi di Dalam Kulkas”. Joko Pinurbo adalah salah satu penyair Indonesia yang juga berproses pada periode 1980 hingga sekarang. Masa itu juga menjadi masa menjelang berakhirnya kekuasaan Rezim Orde Baru di Indonesia. Telaah ini menggunakan teori semiotik Peirce karena puisi JP yang bersifat humoris ternyata menunjukkan tanda-tanda yang merepresentasikan kehidupan rakyat Indonesia pada masa Orde Baru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui simbol, JP menggambarkan berbagai bentuk pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh rezim Orde Baru terhadap rakyat Indonesia. Akan tetapi, berbagai bentuk represif tersebut direaksi rakya dengan tindakan pasif. Hal itu terjadi karena tekanan yang dilakukan oleh rezim Orde Baru bersifat menyeluruh."

"Perang selalu membawa dampak negatif yang sangat besar, misalnya: mematahkan semangat manusia, mengubur dalam-dalam nilai-nilai tradisional, adat-istiadat, menghancurkan moral, keadaan ekonomi, jiwa, idealisme dan masa depan manusia. Heinrich Böl yang mengalami perang dunia I dan II, sangat prihatin akan keadaan sosial di Jerman setelah perang dunia II selesai. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan kritik Böll terhadap keadaan masyarakat Jerman seusai perang dunia II dari sudut pandang sosiologi sastra. Dalam tulisan ini dijelaskan bagaimana hancurnya moral, jiwa, dan masa depan manusia oleh karena perang.

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Wars have always brought huge negative impacts, for example: it breaks the human spirit, deeply buries traditional values and customs, and destroys morals, economy, souls, idealism and the future of the human race. Heinrich Böll, who experienced World War I and II, had been deeply concerned about the social conditions in Germany in the aftermath of the Second World War. This research tries to explain Böll?s criticism on the condition of the German society after World War II from the sociological approach. This writing explains how wars destroy morals, souls, and the human future."

"Skripsi ini membahas berbagai kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Kalatidha karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma beserta cara pengungkapan kritik tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan berbagai kritik sosial dan cara penyampaian kritik yang terdapat dalam Kalatidha. Dalam Kalatidha, terdapat delapan kritik yang ditujukan kepada pemerintahan Orde Baru dan lima kritik yang ditujukan kepada masyarakat Indonesia. Selain itu, Seno Gumira Ajidarma menggunakan enam cara yang khas untuk mengungkapkan kritik dalam novelnya kali ini.

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This thesis discuss about the social criticism and the novelist's method of criticizing in Kalatidha. This research is using the literature sociology approaching. The aim of this research is to mention all of the critiques and the novelist?s method. There are eight critiques for Orde Baru government and five critiques for Indonesian people that had founded in the novel. From this research, we also know that novelist had his six own style which was the unique way of criticizing."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan ranah sumber dan jenis metafora yangterdapat di dalam lirik lagu-lagu Iwan Fals. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah liriklagu Iwan Fals yang bertemakan kritik sosial dari album tahun 1982, 1983, 1986,1991, 1992, 1993, 2004. Data dipilih secara purposive, yaitu dipilih judul lagu yangberisi tentang kritik sosial. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif denganmenggunakan teori metafora konseptual Lakoff dan Johnson (1980) dan teorimetafora dalam arti luas dari Moeliono (1989) sebagai landasan teori.Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan ranah sumber BINATANG yang palingdominan digunakan di dalam lirik lagu Iwan Fals. Jenis majas yang terdapat di dalamlagu yang paling sering digunakan pencipta lagu untuk menyampaikan kritik sosialadalah jenis majas perbandingan langsung atau metafora dan perumpamaan atausimile. Jenis ungkapan metaforis berdasarkan teori Lakoff dan Johnson (1980) yangpaling dominan terdapat dalam lagu adalah jenis metafora struktural dan ontologis.

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ABSTRACTThis study is aim at finding the source domain and the type of metaphor in Iwan Fals?song lyrics. The song lyrics taken from Iwan Fals album by the year of 1982, 1983,1986, 1991, 1993, 2004.The data is taken purposively based on the theme songs?social critics? in Iwan Fals album. This is a descriptive qualitative study usingconceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and metaphor theory inbroad sense by Moeliono (1989). Based on data analysis, it was found that the tropebeing used in the songs lyrics are metaphor and simile. Metaphorical expressionsbased on Lakoff and Johnson theory (1980) found mostly in the songs lyrics arestructural metaphor and ontological metaphor."

"This article is an analysis of the criticsms of the practice of education in Indonesia. This criticsm is based on the storyline presented in the "Laskar Pelangi" (LP) movie. This article aims to analyze the essence of the LP movie seen through the sociological perspective. The essence of the film is more focused on social ceriticsm conveyed through this film. Theoretically, education has two conflicting functions. According to the functions. According to the functional perspective, the positive function of education are transmit values across generations. Instead, the conflict perspective to explain that education actually leads to social inequality.More symbolic interactionism perspective see how the actors involved in the education process related to each other. Some of the criticism is delivered in between the formal education process that leaves the essence of education itself, the exclusivity of school functions, the formalization of education inequality of access to education for lower-class society that cause social inequality, educational autonomy have not fully autonomous and the dichotomy of your favorite school and favorite. These conditions that characterize the dynamics of national education so far has led to social inequality."