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"Indeks antropometri merupakan pengukuran yang mudah, cepat, murah, non-invasif, dan cukup akurat dalam memprediksi lemak viseral tubuh yang berkorelasi erat dengan sindrom metabolik. Lingkar pinggang merupakan salah satu indeks antropometri yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi sindrom metabolik dan dapat digunakan sebagai pengukuran alternatif atau tambahan di samping body mass index (BMI)/indeks massa tubuh (IMT), karena terdapat hubungan yang jelas antara Iingkar pinggang, deposisi lemak viseral, dan faktor risiko kardiovaskular pada anak. Selain itu, lingkar pinggang merupakan pengukuran yang membutuhkan peralatan yang sederhana, murah, dan pencatatan nilai tunggal atau rata-rata dari dua atau tiga pengukuran. Beberapa negara, seperti Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Yunani, dan Spanyol telah membuat nilai batasan lingkar pinggang menurut populasi mereka sendiri untuk memprediksi sindrom metabolik. Sayangnya, Indonesia belum mempunyai nilai batasan lingkar pinggang untuk memperkirakan risiko sindrom metabolik pada anak dan remaja obes dengan menggunakan populasi anak dan remaja Indonesia.RUMUSAN MASALAH? Berapakah proporsi sindrom metabolik pada kelompok remaja obes yang mempunyai lingkar pinggang di atas atau sama dengan persentil 80, dan di bawah persentil 80 menurut Taylor, dkk?? Bagaimanakah gambaran tebal lemak viseral berdasarkan USG abdomen pada remaja obes, yang mengalami maupun tidak mengalami sindrom metabolik?Tujuan Umum? Mengetahui manfaat lingkar pinggang persentil 80 menurut Taylor, dkk dalam memprediksi sindrom metabolik pada remaja obes.? Mengetahui ketebalan lemak viseral pada remaja obes dengan menggunakan USG abdomen.Tujuan Khusus? Mengetahui proporsi sindrom metabolik berdasarkan kriteria NCEPATP III yang dimodifikasi khusus untuk penelitian ini pada kelompok remaja obes dengan lingkar pinggang di atas atau sama dengan persentil 80 menurut Taylor, dkk.? Mengetahui proporsi sindrom metabolik berdasarkan kriteria NCEPATP III yang dimodifikasi khusus untuk penelitian ini pada kelompok remaja obes dengan lingkar pinggang di bawah persentil 80 menurut Taylor, dkk.? Mengetahui gambaran tebal lemak viseral berdasarkan USG abdomen pada kelompok remaja obes yang mengalami sindrom metabolik, dengan lingkar pinggang di atas atau sama dengan persentil 80, dan di bawah persentil 80 menurut Taylor, dkk.? Mengetahui gambaran tebal lernak viseral berdasarkan USG abdomen pada kelompok remaja obes yang tidak mengalami sindrom metabolik, dengan lingkar pinggang di atas atau sama dengan persentil 80, dan di bawah persentil 80 menurut Taylor, dkk."

"Latar belakang: Obesitas dan sindrom metabolik (SM) yang terjadi pada usia dini akan menjadi faktor risiko diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan penyakit jantung koroner. Prevalens SM meningkat secara paralel dengan peningkatan obesitas. Penelitian mengenai SM pada anak dan remaja sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalens SM pada remaja obes usia 12-16 tahun dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Sebuah penelitian potong lintang pada tiga sekolah menengah pertama negeri di Jakarta yang dipilih secara purposive sampling (remaja dan obes). Dilakukan pengukuran antropometri, tekanan darah dan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah. Diagnosis SM ditentukan sesuai kriteria International Diabetes Federation (IDF), yaitu lingkar pinggang > persentil 90 menurut usia dan jenis kelamin, dan memenuhi > 2 kriteria sebagai berikut: trigliserida > 150 mg/dl, HDL > 40 mg/dl, glukosa darah puasa > 100 mg/dl atau terdiagnosis diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), tekanan darah > 130/85 mmHg. Penyakit kardiovaskular atau DMT2 orangtua, riwayat diabetes pada ibu selama kehamilan, bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), pola makan tinggi lemak dan gula, aktivitas sedentari, orangtua obes, dan pajanan asap rokok diduga meningkatkan kejadian SM. Data diolah dengan tes Pearson atau Fisher untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi dan angka kejadian SM ditampilkan dalam prevalens.Hasil: Prevalens obes pada penelitian ini adalah 5,9%. Penelitian dilakukan pada 95 subyek obes usia 12-16 tahun. Sebanyak 35,8% subyek memiliki IMT >p95-p97 dan 64,2% memiliki IMT >p97, semuanya telah mengalami pubertas. Prevalens SM adalah 15,8% dan meningkat hingga 21,3% pada kelompok super-obes. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna prevalens SM pada kedua kelompok IMT (p=0,048). Hipertrigliseridemia dan kadar HDL rendah adalah kriteria diagnosis terbanyak pada remaja obes dengan SM. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terhadap kejadian SM. Simpulan: Prevalens SM pada penelitian ini 15,8% dan meningkat hingga 21,3% pada remaja super-obes. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi dengan kejadian SM. Dislipidemia adalah perubahan metabolik yang paling sering dijumpai pada remaja obes dengan SM.

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Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) beginning in childhood lead to a substansial risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Prevalence of MS increases accordingly with the incidence of obesity. The study of the MS among children and adolescents were limited. Aim: The purpose of this study is to define the prevalence and factors that affect the incidence of MS among obese adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study selected by purposive sampling was conducted on three junior high school in Jakarta. The anthropometric, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose serum level from venous blood sample were taken. The definition of MS was made according to criteria of IDF. Parental history of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus, history of maternal diabetes during pregnancy, low birth weight, high-fat and sugar diet, sedentary lifestyle, obese parents, and cigarette smoke expossure are considered as the factors affected the incidence of MS. Pearson or Fisher test was used to determine the factors that affect MS and the prevalence of MS were described as descriptive data.Results: Prevalence of obese were 5.9%. A total of 95 subjects with median age 12-16 years, were enrolled into the study. All subjects were obese, and 64.3% of them were superobese (BMI >p97 for age and sex). The prevalence of MS was 15.8% and increased to 21.3% among superobese group. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of MS in obese and super-obese (p = 0.048). Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL levels are the diagnostic criteria found the most in MS subjects. There was no significant association between factors affecting MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was 15.8% and increased to 21.3% among superobese. There was no significant association between factors affecting MS in adolescents. Dyslipidemia is the most common metabolic change in obese adolescents with MS."

"Latar belakang. Menurut hasil survey Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) Indonesia 1992, angka kematian akibat penyakit kardiovaskular telah menduduki urutan teratas. Obesitas berhubungan dengan peningkatan mortalitas kardiovaskular. Pengaruh peningkatan berat Madan sebagai faktor independen komorbiditas terhadap kelainan struktur dan fungsi jantung ini belum dapat dibuktikan.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya peningkatan massa ventrikel kiri pada wanita obes sebagai bagian yang menentukan fungsi ventrikel kin.Metode. Sebanyak 90 subyek penelitian terdiri dari 45 orang obes (BMI > 25 KgIM2) dan non obese (BM <25 kgfM2) sebagai kontroi. Dengan menggunakan M mode Ekokardiografi dilakukan pengukuran massa ventrikel kin jugs dilakukan pemeriksaan CT Abdomen untuk menilai ketebalan lemak viseral. Faktor lain seperti tekanan darah, resistensi insulin, dan lingkar pinggang juga dievaluasi.Hasil. Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna massa ventrikel kin antara kelompok obes dan non obes (P=0,000), juga tekanan darah sistolik (P-0,005), tekanan dash diastolik (P=0,006), lingkar pinggang (P=0,000), lemak viseral (P=0,000), HOMA-IR (P=0,000). Penelitian ini membuktikan korelasi yang bermakna antara massa ventrikel kin dengan ketebalan lemak viseral (r = 0,67 , P = 0,000), dengan IMF (r = 0,67 , P = 0,000), dengan lingkar pinggang (r = 0,69 , P = 0,000), dengan HOMA-IR (r = 0,57 , P = 0,000).Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pertama yang mengkorelasikan antara massa ventrikel kiri dengan peningkatan tebal lemak viseral, IMT, lingkar pinggang dan HOMA-IR pada populasi wanita Indonesia usia produktif. Lebih jauh pads penelitian ini memperlihatkan hubungan antara obesitas dengan peningkatan kelainan kardiovaskular.

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Background. Based on Indonesia Household Health Survey 1992, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is related to the increase of cardiovascular mortality rate. The role of body weight as an independent co-morbidity factor for structure abnormality and cardiac function has not been proven yet.

Objective . This study aims to measure left ventricular mass of obese women which partly determines the function of left ventricular.

Method. The total study subjects is 90, which consists of 45 obese women (BMI > 25 KgIm2) and 45 non-obese women (BMI < 25 Kg/m2) as control group. They are evaluated by M mode echocardiography and CT Scan abdomen to measure visceral fat, blood pressure, insulin resistance and waist circumference. Both groups were correlated.

Result. There are significant differences in left ventricular mass of obese and non-obese group (P = 0.000), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.000), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.006), waist circumference (P = 0.000), visceral fat (P = 0.000), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.000). With bivariant analysis, it comes to a conclusion that there are significant correlation between left ventricular mass and visceral fat (r = 0.67, P = 0.000); between BMI and left ventricular mass (r = 0.67, P = 0.000); between waist circumference and left ventricular mass (r = 0.72, P = 0.000); and also between HOMA-IR and left ventricular mass (r = 0.57, P = 0.000).

Conclusion . This is the first study that correlation between increasing of left ventricular mass and visceral fat, BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR on The Indonesian Women Population. So far, this study shows a relationship between obesity and high cardiovascular risk."

"Latar belakang. Berat badan lebih dan obesitas sebagai masalah kesehatan juga ditemukan di Indonesia. Obesitas berkaitan dengan sindrom metabolik, yang juga dapat ditemukan pada populasi dengan berat badan normal.Tujuan. Untuk melihat perbedaan proporsi sindrom metabolik (menurut kriteria NCEP-ATP III, dan modifikasi Asia Pasifik) pada populasi wanita obes (IMT > 25 kglm2 ) dan non-obes (IMT 18,5 - 24,9 kglm2), serta profil komponen sindrom metabolik.Metode. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitik, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2003 - Juni 2005, di Pali Lipid dan Obesitas, Divisi Metabolik Endokrinologi RSCM. Subyek ialah perawat wanita di RSCM, berusia 20 hingga 50 tahun. Jumlah responden ialah 45 subyek obes, dan 45 non-obes.Hasil. Dari 90 responden total, 12 (26,7 %) subyek obes memenuhi kriteria sindrom metabolik menurut NCEP-ATP III. Menggunakan kriteria modifikasi Asia Pasifik, didapatkan 14 (31,1 %) subyek obes mengalami sindrom metabolik. Tidak ada subyek non-obes yang memenuhi kriteria sindrom metabolik [p < 0,0011 Tiga puluh (66,7 %) subyek obes mempunyai lingkar pinggang > 88 cm, dibandingkan 0 (0,0 %) subyek non-obes. Empat (8,9 %) subyek obes mempunyai tekanan darah 130185 mmHg, pada kelompok non-obes hanya 1 (2,2 %) subyek. Tiga (6,7 %) subyek obes memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa a. 110 mg/dL atau merupakan pasien DM tipe 2 yang mendapat obat hipoglikemik oral, sedangkan pada kelompok non-obes tidak ada_ Tigabelas (28,9 %) subyek obes mempunyai kadar trigliserida 150 mgIdL, dan tidak ada pada kelompok non-obes. Kadar kolesterol HDL < 50 mg/dL didapatkan pada 26 (57,8 %) subyek obes, dan 9 (20,0 %) pada subyek non-obes.Simpulan. Sindrom metabolik hanya ditemukan pada populasi perawat wanita obes.

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Backgrounds. Overweight and obesity as health problems are also found in Indonesia. Obesity is related to metabolic syndrome, which can also occurs in normal weight population.

Objectives. To look at the difference in metabolic syndrome (according to NCEPATP III criteria, and modified Asia Pacific criteria) proportion within obese female population (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) and non-obese female population (BMI 18,5 -- 24,9 kg/m2), and the profile of metabolic syndrome components.

Methods. This cross sectional study was conducted from December 2003 to June 2005, at Lipid and Obesity Clinic, Metabolic and Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Subjects were Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital female nurses, ages 20 to 50 years old. The first group consisted of 45 obese subjects, and the second group of 45 non-obese persons.

Results. Twelve (26.7 %) of obese subjects fulfilled the NCEP-ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Using the modified Asia Pacific criteria, there were 14 (31.1 %). None of the non-obese subjects fulfilled any of those two criteria [p < 0.001]. Thirty (66.7 %) of obese subjects had waist circumference > 88 cm, as compared to none of non-obese subjects. Four (8.9 %) of the obese subjects had blood pressure

130185 mmHg, as compared to only 1 (2.2 %) in non-obese subjects. Only 3 (6.7 %) of the obese subjects had fasting glucose levels > 110 mg/dL or had been diagnosed as DM type 2 patient and receiving oral hypoglycemic drug, whereas none of the non-obese subjects. Thirteen (28.9 %) of the obese subjects had triglyceride level > 150 mg/dL, and none of non-obese subjects. HDL-cholesterol level < 50 mg/dL was found in 26 (57.8 %) of obese subjects, and 9 (20.0 %) of non-obese subjects.

Conclusions. Metabolic syndrome was found only in obese female nurses."

"Sindrom metabolik adalah masalah kesehatan yang prevalensinya cenderung meningkat pada pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan prevalensi kasus sindrom metabolik yang terjadi pada pekerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2014 pada dua perusahaan di Provinsi Riau dengan rancangan potong lintang. Sumber data adalah rekam medis pekerja yang melakukan medical check up periode Oktober 2013 hingga Februari 2014. Populasi adalah pekerja yang menderita sindrom metabolik sebanyak 131 orang. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan cara total sampling yakni 131 orang. Instrumen adalah kuesioner, international physical activity questionnaire, tabel 24 hours food recall, dan tabel bantu pencatatan komponen sindrom metabolik. Pengelolaan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat, dengan uji korelasi Spearman?s Rho dan kai kuadrat.Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi sindrom metabolik sebanyak 21,58%, dengan jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki, kelompok usia terbanyak adalah > 50 tahun. Sebagian besar kasus sindrom metabolik memiliki tiga komponen, dengan komponen terbanyak adalah lingkar perut dan tekanan darah. Sebanyak 23,50% kasus memiliki riwayat keluarga obesitas dan diabetes melitus. Sebagian besar kategori aktivitas adalah sedang. Jenis asupan makanan dengan kategori tidak sesuai dengan diet adalah serat pangan dan lemak jenuh. Variabel lingkar perut berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik serta kadar kolesterol high density lipoprotein (p < 0,05).

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Metabolic syndrome is a health problem that often occurs among workers. The objective of this research was to reveal prevalence of metabolic syndrome in company workers. This research was conducted in 2014 at two Prevalensi Sindrom Metabolik pada Pekerja Perusahaan The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Company Workers Zahtamal*, Wasilah Rochmah**, Yayi Suryo Prabandari***, Lientje K. Setyawati**** companies in Riau Province with cross sectional design. Data source is the medical records of workers who have been doing medical check up between October 2013 through February 2014. The population is 131 workers who suffer from metabolic syndrome. The study sample is 131 workers, counted by total sampling. The instruments are self-reported questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire, 24 hours food recall form and recording auxiliary table for components of of metabolic syndrome. Quantitative data management conducted with descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis, by Spearman?s Rho correlation test and chi square.Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 21.58%, with the highest gender is male, and the largest age group is > 50 years. Most cases of metabolic syndrome has three components, with the largest component is the abdominal circumference and blood pressure. A total of 23.50% of cases have a family history of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Most categories of activity is moderate. Most types of food intake in the category ?out of dietary guidelines? are dietary fiber and saturated fat. Abdominal circumference variable has a statistically significant relationship with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and high density lipoprotein (p <0.05)."

"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the public health problems worldwide, including in Indonesia. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of death (75-80%) in DM, three-fourths of this death was caused by coronary heart disease (CHD). Approximately 34.2% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receiving care at ICCU of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (RSCM) suffered from DM. Mortality rates of ACS in DM patients were still high and ACS prognosis in DM patients were still unfavorable. There are many factors playing a part in atherosclerosis and ACS incidence in DM patients, such as metabolic disorders due to hyperglycemia and the fomration of advanced glycation end product (AGE), oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia in DM in the form of high triglyceride level and low HDL cholesterol as well as an increase in small dense LDL, and insulin resistance. In addition, other risk factors of CHD frequently encountered with DM were hypertension, obesity, thrombocytc hyperaggregation and hypercoagulation. The management ofthis disease which was based on the control of risk factors was not yet satisfactory.Inflammatory response played an important role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, beginning with early lesion up to acute coronary syndrome. Increase in inflammatory responses (hsCRP) could predict cardiovascular event and predict post-ACS prognosis. Studies in DM population showed an increase in inflammation. ln-depth studies on inflammatory responses in ACS DM patients have not yet been reported. In normal condition, there was a balance of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. The ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in ACS, particularly DM patients has not been studied. The relationship between metabolic factor (blood glucose, glyco Hb and lipid) and inflammatory response in ACS DM patients has not yet also been studied.Currently, the effort to decrease inflammatory response is made, among others, by aspirin, statin hypolipidemic medication and insulin sensitizer. Although aspirin and statin were used routinely in ACS patients and have proved to reduce inflammation, morbidity and mortality rates of ACS patients were still high. Thus, we would like to observe whether an addition of other medications in standard therapy could reduce inflammation better. Curcumin in experimental animals-and humans) showed -hypolipidemic effect (decrease 'in absorption and increase in catabolism) and hypoglycemia (effect on PPAR-7). Curcumin also demonstrated antiinflammatory effect. In this study we would like to observe the effects of curcumin on both metabolic factors and inflammatory responses in ACS patients.PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONThe above elaboration showed a discrepancy associated with inflammatory response in DM ACS patients. Up to now, the relationship of metabolic factor and inflammatory response in DM ACS has not been clear yet. Likewise, the effects of curcumin on metabolic factor and inflammatory response in ACS have not yet been identified.OBJECTIVESTo evaluate inflammatory responses in DM ACS and its relationship with metabolic factors (glucose, blood; glyco Hb, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride); to evaluate the ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-10) in ACS DM patients, and to identify the effects of curcumin on metabolic factors and inflammatory responses in ACS patients.SETTINGThe study was conducted at ICCU of RSCM, ICCU of Persahabatan, ICCU of RS MMC and ICCU of Medistra Hospital, Cardiology Polyclinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia! RSCM and Integrated Cardiac Service Poiyclinic of RSCM.STUDY SUBJECTSACS patients (DM and non-DM) and CHD (DM and non-DM).DESIGNThere were two studies: l. Observational design to observe inflammatory responses (hscRP, IL-6, IL-IO, VCAM and ICAM) in DM ACS, non-DM ACS, DM CI-ID, and non-DM CHD; to evaluate the relationship between metabolic factors (fasting blood glucose, blood glucose 2 hours PP, glyco Hb, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDI.. cholesterol and triglyceride) and inflammatory responses (hsCRP, IL-6, IL-10, VCAM and ICAM) in ACS DM. 2. Interventional study which was a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the effects of curcumin at escalating doses (low dose 3:-:IS mglday, moderate dose 3x30 mg/day and high dose 3x60 mg/day on metabolic factors (fasting blood glucose. blood glucose 2 hours PP and glyco Hb) and the effects of curcumin at escalating doses on inflammatory responses (hsCRP, ll.-6, VCAM and ICAM) in ACS patients.RESULTSIn observational study, |46 subjects were analyzed, consisting of 84 ACS patients, (30 DM ACS patients and 54 non-DM ACS), and 62 CHD (25 DM CHD patients and 37 non-DM CHD patients). The results of the study in the four groups of patients showed: 1. Inflammatory response in DM ACS was higher than in DM CHD (hsCRP, p=0.00; II..-6, p=0.00; IL-10, p=0.00) and non-DM ACS (ICAM, P=0.03). 2. The ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-6/II..-10) in DM ACS did not differ from that of DM CHD (p=0.2l) and non-DM ACS (p=0.5 l). 3. There was a relationship between metabolic factors and inflammatory responses in DM ACS: triglyceride and ll.-6 (r=O.39, p=0.03) and II..-I0 (r=0.37, p=o.o4).In interventional study we performed randomization in 75 ACS patients divided into four groups, consisting of low-dose curcumin group of 15 patients, moderate-dose curcumin group of 15 patients, high-dose curcumin group of IS patients, and placebo group of 30 patients. The results of the study in these four groups showed: l. Low-dose curcumin showed a decrease in hsCRP in one week ofthe first month after intervention, there was a significant difference liom that of placebo (p=0.04). Low-dose, moderate-dose, high-dose curcumin groups showed a decrease in IL-6, but was not significantly different from placebo. Low-dose, moderate-dose, high-dose curcumin did not show a decrease in VCAM and ICAM after intervention of 2 months. 2. Low-dose curcumin group tended to experience a decrease in glyco Hb level after intervention of 2 months (p=0.06); however, it was not significantly different from that of placebo. 3. There was a tendency that low-dose curcumin reduced total cholesterol and LDI. cholesterol; however, it was not significantly different from that of placebo. There was a tendency that low-dose curcumin increased HDL cholesterol; however, it was not significantly different from that of placebo. 4. There was a tendency that the pattern of escalating doses had some effects in inflammatory responses and metabolic factors, in which low-dose curcumin showed the best effects, followed by moderate-dose and finally high- dose curcumin.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, inflammatory responses in DM ACS patients were higher than those in DM CHD and non-DM ACS patients. There was no difference in the ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-6fIL-IO) in DM ACS compared with DM CHD and non-DM ACS. ln addition, the present study identified some of the relationships between metabolic factors and inflammatory responses. Low-dose curcumin reduced hsCRP in one week of the first month after the intervention in ACS patients. There was a tendency that low-dose curcumin reduced glyco Hb level in ACS."

"Data tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif di Indonesia yang diperlukan untuk upaya pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta dan sekitarnya dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah responden yaitu 220 orang eksekutif laki-laki dan 68 orang eksekutif wanita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri, analisis biokimia darah, analisis asupan makanan, pengukuran angka stres, dan pengukuran indeks aktivitas. Analisis regresi logistik ganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan beberapa independen variabel dengan dependen variabel. Analisis ini menghasilkan indeks massa tubuh (overweight, odds ratio (OR) = 5,54; obesitas, OR = 7,44) dan rasio total kolesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL)-kolesterol (OR = 8,83) sebagai determinan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan profil lipid dan pengukuran antropometri sederhana yang teratur pada kelompok eksekutif penting dilakukan untuk mendeteksi risiko sindrom metabolik.

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Available datas on metabolic syndrome among Indonesian executives are limited, despite the fact of the importance of these data for cardiovaskular prevention. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associations between anthropometric measures, lipid profiles, blood pressure, nutrient intakes, and life style in executive group. A cross sectional study was undertaken in some factories in Jakarta, using multistage random sampling. The respondents were 287 executives, 219 male and 68 female. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood analysis, nutrient intake, stress score, and activity index assessment. Multiple logistic regression analysis used to assess associations between independent variables and metabolic syndrome. This study showed that body mass index (overweight, odds ratio (OR) = 5,54; obesity, OR = 7,44) and ratio serum total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (OR = 8,83) were potential determinants of metabolic syndrome. This study shows the importance of routine check of lipid profile, blood pressure, and simple anthropometric assessment to detect the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly."

"Sekitar 35% dari 901 orang dewasa yang menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin ditemukan mengalami NAFPD (nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease). NAFPD berkaitan dengan manifestasi klinik (sindrom metabolik) MetS, adapun terapi yang diberikan sesuai dengan gejalanya seperti antihipertensi, statin, metformin dan faktor komorbid MetS, sehingga mungkin terjadi polifarmasi akibat multiterapi pengobatan. Dalam hal ini dibutuhkan obat tunggal yang dapat memperbaiki NAFPD pada tikus MetS salah satu kandidatnya yaitu 6-Gingerol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efektifitas 6-Gingerol terhadap NAFPD akibat MetS melalui stress oksidatif pada organ pankreas tikus yang diinduksi HFD + Fruktosa 55% dan Streptozotocin 22mg/kg selama 8 minggu. Tikus yang mengalami sindrom metabolik diterapi dengan 6-Gingerol dosis 50,100 dan 200mg/kg selama 8 minggu. Setelah mencapai akhir terapi, serum dan jaringan pankreas di ambil dan di analisis kadar (tumor necrosis factor alpha) TNF-alpha, (interleukin-6) IL-6, (malondialdehyde) MDA, (glutathione peroxidase) GPx, amilase, akumulais lemak, ekspresi sel alfa dam beta pankreas sebagai parameter NAFPD. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pemberian 6-Gingerol tidak dapat menurunkan aktivitas amilase serum, MDA, ekspresi mRNA IL-6, namun dapat meningkatkan aktivitas GPx, mengurangi akumulasi lemak, dan meningkatkan ekspresi insulin dan glukagon. Sehingga 6-Gingerol memiliki potensi sebagai agen terapeutik untuk memperbaiki NAFPD pada tikus MetS.

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About 35% of 901 adults who underwent routine health checks were found to have (nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease) NAFPD. NAFPD is related to the clinical manifestations of (metabolic syndrome) MetS, while the therapy given is according to the symptoms. The therapies include: antihypertensives, statins, metformin, and MetS comorbid factors. Polypharmacy may occur as a result of multitherapy treatment. In this case, a single drug, namely 6-gingerol, is needed to improve NAFPD in the MetS rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of 6-Gingerol against MetS-induced NAFPD through oxidative stress in the pancreas of rats induced by HFD + Fructose 55% and Streptozotocin 22mg/kg for 8 weeks. Metabolic syndrome rats were treated with 6-gingerol doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 8 weeks. After reaching the end of therapy, serum and pancreatic tissue were collected and analyzed for levels of (tumor necrosis factor alpha) TNF-α, (interleukin-6) IL-6, (malondialdehyde) MDA, (glutathione peroxidase) GPx, amylase, fat accumulation, cell expression pancreatic alpha and beta as parameters of NAFPD. The results of analysis showed that administering 6-gingerol did not significantly reduce serum amylase activity, MDA, the relative expression of IL-6, but it increased GPX activity, reduced fat accumulation, and increased insulin and glucagon expression in pancreatic tissue. Thus 6-Gingerol has the potential as a therapeutic agent to improve NAFPD in the MetS."

"Latar Belakang. Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular. Peningkatan sdLDL sebagai manifestasi dislipidemi pada remaja dapat terus berlanjut pada usia dewasa dan menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi. Penyebab timbulnya sdLDL pada remaja multifaktor. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens sdLDL dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi timbulnya sdLDL pada remaja siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Jakarta. Metode. Studi potong lintang pada 97 anak usia 12-15 tahun siswa SMP di Jakarta Pusat pada periode Juni-Juli 2012 dan April-Mei 2014 di Jakarta Timur. Pada subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), massa lemak tubuh (MLT), tekanan darah dan pemeriksaan darah sdLDL. Kriteria obesitas menggunakan IMT ≥P95 berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Massa lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan Tanita Inner Scan Body Composition Monitor tipe BC-545. Hasil dan pembahasan. Sebanyak 97 remaja obes diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Prevalens sdLDL terjadi sebanyak 17,2 %. Terdapat hipertensi sebanyak 26,8 %, IMT pada nilai 30-39,9 sebanyak 51,5 % , MLT pada > P98 67 % dan lingkar pinggang > P90 52,5 %. Pada analisis bivariat dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Kai-kuadrat tidak didapatkan hubungan antara sdLDL dengan faktor-faktor di atas. Simpulan. Prevalens sdLDL pada remaja obes ditemukan sebesar 17,2 %. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara sdLDL dengan IMT, tekanan darah, MLT dan lingkar pinggang.

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Background. Childhood obesity is a global health problem. Plasma concentrations of small dense sdLDL are associated with the prevalence of atherosclerosis events. Atherosclerosis has already started to develop in childhood and adolescent obese. Increased sdLDL in adolescent to adult can cause higher morbidity and mortality. Contributing factors of sdLDL in adolescent are multifactorial.

Objectives. To know the prevalence of sdLDL in obese adolescents and the affecting factors, such as body mass index, body fat mass, blood pressure and waist circumference.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study performed in obese adolescents, aged 12-15 years old, in several junior high schools in Central and East Jakarta, from May to June 2012 and April to Mei 2014. Physic examination was perfomed, including body mass index, body fat mass, blood pressure and waist circumference. and sd LDL as a blood examination.. Body mass index with the percentile ≥95 according to age and gender was used for obesity criteria, body fat mass was calculated using Tanita Inner Scan Body Composition Monitor Type BC-545.

Results. Of 97 obese adolescents in this study, sdLDL was found in 17,2 % subjects. The prevalence of each factors was 26,8 % hypertension, 51,5 % for body mass index at 30-39,9, 67 % for body fat mass >P98 and 52,5 % for central obesity P>P99. Based on bivariate analyse, such as Mann-Whitney and Kai-Kuadrat, there were no correlation between sdLDL and it?s factors.

Conclusion. sdLDL has a prevalence of 17,2 % in obese adolescent in this study, with no association found between body mass index, body fat mass, blood pressure and waist circumference."

"Latar Belakang: Obesitas saat ini sudah menjadi masalah epidemik global. Angka kejadian obesitas yang meningkat dikaitkan dengan meningkatnya sedentary behaviour dan rendahnya aktivitas fisis. Penelitian mengenai perbedaan aktivitas fisis pada remaja obes dan non-obes memiliki hasil yang bervariasi. Penelitian mengenai hal ini sangat jarang di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola aktivitas fisis remaja usia 10-15 tahun dan mengetahui perbedaan rerata keluaran energi, intensitas aktivitas fisis, dan durasi aktivitas fisis intensitas sedang-berat, serta screen time remaja obes dan non-obes serta mengetahui kesesuaian aktivitas fisis remaja dengan rekomendasi. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan terhadap siswa/i kelas VII dan VIII SMPN 216 Jakarta Pusat usia 10-15 tahun. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap pertama untuk melihat pola aktivitas fisis remaja usia 10-15 tahun sedangkan tahap kedua untuk melihat perbedaan rerata keluaran energi, intensitas aktivitas fisis, durasi aktivitas fisis intensitas sedang-berat, dan screen time remaja obes dan non-obes. Aktivitas fisis dinilai menggunakan buku harian Bouchard yang diisi selama 2 hari sekolah dan 1 hari libur. Hasil: Pekerjaan sekolah, menonton TV, jalan, renang, dan sepak bola merupakan aktivitas fisis yang sering dilakukan oleh remaja. Tidak terdapat perbedaan keluaran energi antara remaja obes dan non-obes (median 4752,9 (2950-8065,8) vs 4435,4 (2753,4-8134,7) kkal/hari, p 0,160). Intensitas aktivitas fisis remaja obes lebih rendah dibandingkan non-obes (median 1,5 (0,8-1,8) vs 2 (1,6-2,8) MET, p <0,001). Durasi aktivitas fisis intensitas sedang-berat remaja obes lebih pendek dibandingkan remaja non-obes ( 19.3 ± 6.9 vs 26.4 ± 3.4 menit, p 0,000). Screen time remaja obes lebih lama dibandingkan remaja non-obes (median 2,8 (1-6,6) vs 1,8 (0,3-6,1) jam, p 0,000). Tidak ada remaja yang memenuhi rekomendasi berdasarkan kriteria intensitas dan durasi aktivitas fisis, 15,5% remaja obes dan 79,8% remaja non-obes memenuhi rekomendasi berdasarkan screen time (p,0,001) . Simpulan: Aktivitas fisis bervariasi pada remaja usia 10-15 tahun. Tidak terdapat perbedaan keluaran energi antara remaja obes dan non-obes. Terdapat perbedaan intensitas aktivitas fisis, durasi aktivitas fisis intensitas sedang-berat, dan screen time antara remaja obes dan non-obes. Aktivitas fisis sebagian besar remaja tidak sesuai rekomendasi.

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Background: Obesity is now a global epidemic problem. Increased prevalence of obesity is associated with increased sedentary behaviour and low physical activity. Research on differences in physical activity pattern in obese and nonobese adolescents have varying results. Research on this is very rare in Indonesia. Purpose: Knowing the physical activity patterns of adolescents aged 10-15 years old and know the difference between the mean energy output, physical activity intensity and duration of physical activity of moderate-vigorous intensity, and screen time obese and non-obese adolescents and determine the suitability of adolescents physical activity with recommendation. Method: Cross sectional study conducted on 6th and 7th grade students aged 10- 15 years old in 216 Junior High Schools. The study consisted of 2 phases. The first stage to see the physical activity patterns of adolescents aged 10-15 years, while the second stage to see the difference in mean energy output, intensity of physical activity, duration of physical activity of moderate-vigorous intensity, and screen time obese and non-obese adolescents. Physical activity was assessed using Bouchard diary for 2 days school and 1 day off. Results: School working, watching TV, walking, swimming, and football is a physical activity that is often done by adolescents. There was no difference in energy output between obese and non-obese adolescents (median 4752.9 (2950 to 8065.8) vs. 4435.4 (2753.4 to 8134.7) kcal / day, p 0.160). The intensity of physical activity of obese adolescents is lower than non-obese adolescents (median 1.5 (0.8 to 1.8) vs 2 (1.6 to 2.8) METs, p <0.001). Duration of physical activity of moderate-vigorous intensity obese adolescents shorter than non-obese adolescents (19.3 ± 6.9 vs 26.4 ± 3.4 minutes, p 0.000). Screen time obese adolescents longer than non-obese adolescents (median 2.8 (1 to 6.6) vs 1.8 (0.3 to 6.1) hours, p 0.000). There were no adolescents who meet recommendation based on the intensity and duration of physical activity criteria, 15.5% obese adolescent and 79.8% non-obese adolescents meet recommendations based on screen time (p, 0.001). Conclusion: Physical activity varies among adolescents age 10-15 years old. There are no difference in mean energy output but there are differences in intensity of physical activity, duration of physical activity of moderate-vigorous intensity, and screen time between obese and non-obese adolecents. Most of adolescents physical activity are not appropriate with recommendation."