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"Studi ini membandingkan dua jenis kontrak utama pada pengadaan publik, yakni kontrak harga satuan dan lumsum, dalam mempengaruhi selisih harga antara harga penawaran dan harga perkiraan sendiri (HPS) pada kasus pengadaan pemerintah di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data e-tendering periode 2018-2021, studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif Ordinary Least Square regression untuk mengevaluasi selisih harga pada kedua jenis kontrak. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata selisih harga pada kontrak harga satuan secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan selisih harga pada kontrak lumsum. Dengan pendekatan ekonomi biaya transaksi, studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa selisih harga yang lebih tinggi pada kontrak harga satuan berkaitan dengan biaya yang lebih rendah untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait harga input dan desain proyek sehingga menghasilkan risiko permintaan perubahan kontrak yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrak lumsum. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa penggunaan kontrak harga satuan secara signifikan berpengaruh pada waktu tender yang lebih lama karena periode evaluasi penawaran yang lebih panjang.

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This study compares two major types of contract in public procurement, i.e. unit price and lump sum contracts, in producing the gap between bid price and owner’s estimated price, taking the case of government procurement in Indonesia. Using Indonesian e-tendering data of 2018-2021, this study employes an Ordinary Least Square regression to evaluate the price gap between the two types of contracts. This study found that the average price gap in unit price contract is significantly higher than that of the lump sum contracts. With the help of the transaction cost economics approach, this study discussed that the higher the average price gap in unit price contracts is related to a lower cost of ascertaining information related to the price of the inputs and concluding the design of the projects, which later results in a lower risk of having a change order for the contract, compared to the lump sum contract. The study also found that the use of unit price contract is significantly related to a longer tendering time, due to a longer period in evaluating the bid."

"This study compares two major types of contracts in public procurement, i.e. unit price and lump sum contracts, in terms of the gap between the winner's bid price and owner’s estimated price (OEP) in resulted price gap during the tender process, taking the case of government procurement in Indonesia. Using Indonesian e-tendering data of 2018-2021, this study employs an Ordinary Least Square regression to assess whether there is a difference in the price gap between the two types of contracts. This study finds that the average price gap in unit price contract is significantly higher than that of lump sum contracts. With the help of the transaction cost economics approach, this study discussed that the higher average price gap in unit price contracts is related to a lower information cost and lower risk of having a change order for the contract faced by the bidders. While in a lump sum contract, the winner's bid price is closer to OEP because bidders are faced with design risks that require higher information costs and contract adaptation during the execution phase. The study also found that the use of a unit price contract is significantly related to a longer tendering time due to a longer period in evaluating the bid."

"ABSTRAKPengadaan barang/jasa publik sebagai salah satu bentuk pelayanan publikseharusnya dilaksanakan sepenuhnya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tetapiternyata sering tidak berjalan efisien dan efektif akibat perilaku sejumlah orangyang lebih mengedepankan kepentingan pribadi, padahal pengadaan barang/jasapublik menghabiskan anggaran yang sangat besar. Komisi PemberantasanKorupsi (KPK) dalam Laporan Tahunan 2010 menyebutkan bahwa kasus tindakpidana korupsi dalam pengadaan barang/jasa menempati peringkat keduaterbanyak setelah penyuapan. Dalam rangka untuk memperbaiki kinerjapengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah, yang merupakan salah satu upaya reformasibirokrasi, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kinerja pengadaan barang/jasapemerintah. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja pengadaan barang/jasapemerintah dengan membandingkan konsep pengadaan yang ideal sesuai denganprinsip-prinsip pengadaan sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor54 Tahun 2010 dengan penerapannya, sehingga dapat direkomendasikankebijakan apa saja yang harus dilakukan untuk menghasilkan pengadaanbarang/jasa pemerintah yang lebih kredibel dan berintegritas. Hasil penelitianmenunjukan meskipun dapat menghasilkan efisiensi tetapi masih ditemukan halhalyang tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip pengadaan dan kinerja pengadaanharus ditingkatkan.

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ABSTRACTPublic procurement as one provision mechanism of public goods and servicesshould be done for the sake of the society welfare. However, it does not always bedone as we hoped due to the personal interests of some persons, whereas publicprocurement has a tremendous value. The Corruption Eradication Commission in2010 Annual Report stated that corruption in public procurement was at thesecond worst after bribery. In order to reform public procurement, which is inaccordance with bureaucratic reform, it is necessary to study public procurementperformance. This research analyzes public procurement performance bycomparing the concept of the seven public procurement principles as stated inPresidential Regulation No. 54 of 2010 with its implementation, so that it can berecommended some policies in order to yield more credible procurements. Theresult of this research states that even it could generate cost efficiencies but theimplementation of public procurement was not absolutely in accordance with theprinciples of public procurement and its performance still needs to be improved."

"Tesis ini membahas permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kasus pengadaan alat kesehatan CSSD pada RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Tahun Anggaran 2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif doktrinal melalui penelitian kepustakaan. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi utamanya adalah korupsi dan persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. Permasalahan lain adalah kemahalan harga, yaitu nilai kontrak pengadaan lebih besar daripada harga pasar atau daripada nilai kontrak pengadaan lain atas barang/jasa yang sama pada waktu yang sama, namun hal tersebut merupakan suatu ketidakadilan terhadap hukum.

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This thesis discusses the problems that often occur in the government procurement by using a case approach of CSSD medical equipment procurement in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2008. This research is a normative doctrinal study through library research. Problems that often occur is corruption and unfair competition. Another issue is overpriced contract, ie the contract price is larger than the market price or larger than other contract on the same goods at the same time, but findings of overpriced contract is an injustice against the law.

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"Penelitian ini berfokus kepada Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah pada Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Studi Kasus Proyek Peningkatan Jalan dan Jembatan Kota Adminsitrasi Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan Internal Control Questionnaires terhadap Pejabat dan panitia pengadaan barang dan jasa serta pihak yang terkait dengan proyek pembangunan jalan dan jembatan di kota adminsitrasi Jakarta Utara. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengendalian pada proses pengadaan barang dan jasa di proyek pembangunan jalan dan jembatan kota administrasi Jakarta Utara telah memenuhi lima unsur pengendalian internal.

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This study focuses on Government Internal Control System Analysis on Implementation of Procurement of Goods and Services. Case Study: Road and Bridge Improvement Project of North Jakarta City Administration. This study is a qualitative research method.

Research is done by observation, interviews and questionnaires to the Officer who deals with the activity (PPTK) and the procurement committee of goods and services as well as those related to road and bridge construction projects in North Jakarta city administration.

From these results, it can be concluded that the control activities in the process of procurement of goods and services in road and bridge construction projects in North Jakarta city administration has met the five elements of internal control."