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"Studi geologi dan geokimia tanah dilakukan untuk menentukan potensi dan prospek mineralisasi bijih di Daerah “X”, Sulawesi Utara sebagai salah satu daerah yang berpotensial mengandung mineralisasi logam ekonomis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan data geologi dan data pemercontohan tanah (oil sampling) oleh PSDMBP yang masih perlu diolah secara geostatistik. Studi geologi dilakukan melalui integrasi terhadap data sekunder dari PSDMBP dengan analisis geomorfologi, kelurusan, dan petrografi untuk menentukan kondisi geomorfologi, litologi, struktur, zona alterasi, serta kelurusan urat kuarsa. Analisis geostatistik dilakukan dengan analisis univariat dan multivariat untuk menentukan persebaran anomali unsur dan asosiasi antar unsur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah penelitian memiliki satuan geomorfologi berupa satuan perbukitan tinggi vulkanik berlereng curam dan satuan perbukitan vulkanik berlereng agak curam-curam. Litologinya terdiri atas satuan dasit, satuan andesit, satuan tuff, dan satuan batupasir dengan struktur geologi berupa pola kelurusan dengan orientasi barat laut – tenggara. Zona alterasi pada daerah penelitian meliputi zona alterasi argilik (fasies kaolinit + kuarsa + ilit + ilit-smektit) dan zona alterasi propilitik (fasies klorit + illite-smektit + kalsit + epidot). Terdapat tiga jalur urat kuarsa berorientasi barat daya – timur) laut yang teridentifikasi pada daerah penelitian, yaitu Urat Kuarsa X (bagian tenggara), Urat Kuarsa Y (bagian barat), dan Urat Kuarsa Z (bagian barat laut). Hasil analisis statistik terhadap empat unsur yang dapat diteliti (Cu, Au, Sb, Hg) menunjukkan masing-masing nilai ambang sebesar 72.44 ppm, 16 ppb, 3.39 ppm, dan 551.72 ppb. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya satu asosiasi unsur pada daerah penelitian, yaitu Au-Sb-Hg. Persebaran anomali unsur logam bijih kemudian diketahui secara umum memiliki pengayaan disekitar urat kuarsa dan mengalami proses dispersi pada unsur Cu, Sb, dan Hg. Potensi mineralisasi bijih pada daerah penelitian berasal dari sistem endapan epitermal sulfidasi rendah dengan prospek mineralisasi sebagian besar berada pada ketiga jalur urat kuarsa dan bagian timur laut serta selatan daerah penelitian. Prospek bagian timur laut dan selatan diindikasikan sebagai kehadiran urat kuarsa di bawah permukaan yang tertutup oleh tanah dan tidak terpetakan.

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Soil geology and geochemical studies were carried out to determine the potential and prospects for ore mineralization in “X” area, North Sulawesi as one of the areas with the potential for economic metal mineralization. The research was conducted by integrating geological and soil sampling data by PSDMBP which still needed to be processed geostatistically. Geological studies was conducted through integration of secondary data from PSDMBP with geomorphological, lineaments and petrographic analyzes to determine geomorphological conditions, lithology, structure, alteration zones, and alignment of quartz veins. Geostatistic analysis was carried out using univariate and multivariate analysis to determine the distribution of elemental anomalies and associations between elements. The results showed that the study area has geomorphological units of high volcanic hill units with steep slopes and volcanic hill units with rather steep slopes. The lithology consists of dacite, andesite, tuff, and sandstone with geological structure from lineament analysis shows a northwest-southeast orientation. The alteration zones in the study area include argillic alteration zones (kaolinite + quartz + illite + illite-smectite facies) and propylitic alteration zones (chlorite + illite-smectite + calcite + epidote facies). There are three southwest-northeast oriented quartz veins identified in the study area, namely the X Quartz Vein (southeast), Y Quartz Vein (western part), and Z Quartz Vein (northwestern part). The results of the statistical analysis of the four elements that can be studied (Cu, Au, Sb, Hg) show that each threshold value is 72.44 ppm, 16 ppb, 3.39 ppm and 551.72 ppb. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there were one elemental associations in the study area, namely Au-Sb-Hg. The distribution of anomalous metal ore elements is then known to generally have enrichment around quartz veins and undergo a dispersion process in Cu, Sb, and Hg elements. The potential for ore mineralization in the study area originates from a low sulfidation epithermal deposit system with the prospect of mineralization being mostly in the third lane of the quartz vein and the northeastern and southern parts of the study area. The prospects for the northeast and south are indicated by the presence of subsurface quartz veins that are covered by soil and are not mapped."

"Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, salah satunya merupakan deposit uranium. Keterdapatan uranium di Indonesia masih merupakan hal yang jarang dijumpai sehingga dapat menjadi topik yang sangat menarik untuk dipelajari lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe deposit serta keterbentukan dari uranium yang terdapat di Desa Takandeang, Kecamatan Tapalang, Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian dimulai dengan pemetaan geologi permukaan dan radiometri dengan bantuan alat gamma surveyor (model RS 125) yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis petrologi dan petrografi, serta analisis geokimia. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, diketahui bahwa batuan penyusun lapangan penelitian terdiri atas autobreksi leusitit, breksi epiklastik, lava phonolitik foidit, batupasir tufaan, dan batugamping terumbu. Data radiometri dan geokimia XRF menunjukan anomali uranium tertinggi terdapat pada autobreksi leusitit. Anomali yang terjadi pada daerah penelitian berupa rekonsentrasi unsur uranium pada batuan autobreksi yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas hidrotermal yang juga didukung tipe magma dan kontrol struktur pada daerah penelitian.

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Indonesia is rich in natural resources, one of which is a uranium deposit. In Indonesia, uranium‟s occurrence is still rarely found so it can be a very interesting topic for further study. This study aims to determine the type of deposit and the formation of uranium contained in Takandeang Village, Tapalang District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The study began with surface geology and radiometry mapping with the help of a gamma surveyor (RS 125 model) which was continued with petrological and petrographic analysis, and geochemical analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the constituent rock of the research field consists of leucitite autobreccias, epiclastic breccias, phonolytic lava phoidolytic, tuffaceous sandstones, and reef limestones. Radiometric data and XRF geochemistry show that the highest uranium anomaly is found in leucitite autobreccias. The anomaly that occurred in the study area was in the form of reconcentration of uranium elements in autobrection rocks caused by hydrothermal activity which was also supported by magma type and structural control in the study area."

"A detailed combined geological and geophysical study in North Sumatra basin has shown that prospective formations for shale play containing gas sweet spots are found to be shales from Bampo, Belumai, and Baong Formations. Bampo Formations Exhibits low shale gas potential with very low to medium in organic material contents, maturity index of immature to mature, and moderate brittleness. Rocks within the formation tent to be reactive to highly reactive to water, with a moderate degree of swelling capacity. Porosity varies within 5.8-7.4% with permeability raging from 0.37 to 3.2 mD. Sweet spots in the formation found around Basilam-l and Securai-l wells occupy about 21% of the formation. On the other hand, Belumai Formation shows moderate to good shale gas potential, with low to high organic material contents, immature to mature levels of maturity, and moderately brittle to brittle. Sweet spots areas in the formation fpund around the two wells are about 29% of the formation. For Baong Formation, analysis reveals moderate to good shale gas potential, with low to medium contents of organic material, immature to mature in maturity index, moderately brittle to brittle in brittleness, and tendency of being reactive to highly reactive to water but with low degree of swelling capacity. Sweet spots in the formation found around two wells occupies are roughly 11% of the total formation volume in the area. Basin modeling leading to gas resources estimation for Baong, Belumai, and Bampo Formations has led to estimated volumes of 6, 379 TCF, 16, 994 TCF, and 25,024 TCF, respectively, with a total amount of 48, 397 TCF. The resources figures are speculative in nature and do not incorporate any certainty and efficiency factors."

"Penelitian Kawasan Ertsberg East Skarn System (EESS) merupakan endapan skarn mineralisasi Cu-Au. Kegiatan pertambangan pada kawasan EESS sudah masuk tahap produksi, namun masih terdapat tahap eksplorasi lanjutan yang menjadi latar belakang penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis karakteristik geologi, alterasi, dan mineralisasi serta mengkorelasikannya dengan data kandungan unsur kimia pada kawasan EESS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis terhadap data bor sehingga karakteristik geologi, alterasi, dan mineralisasi diketahui. Lalu dilakukan analisis komprehensif dengan mengkorelasikan karakteristik- karakteristik tersebut dengan data assay dan XRF. Terdapat empat batuan asal pada lokasi yaitu granodiorit, mudstone, batupasir, dan batulanau. Terdapat tiga formasi yaitu Intrusi Erstberg, Formasi Waripi, dan Formasi Ekmai. Terdapat sesar Ertsberg 1. Terdapat sembilan zona alterasi yaitu (Biotit sekunder + K feldspar), (Magnetit + Diopsid ± Garnet ± Klorit ± Epidot), (Magnetit + Diopsid ± Garnet ± Anhidrit ± Serpentin), (K feldspar + Klorit ± Biotit sekunder), (Serisit), (Pirit + Pirotit ± Magnetit), (Kuarsa), (Diopsid ± Epidot ± Garnet ± Klorit ± Magnetit), dan (Kalsit). Kandungan Cu paling tinggi pada alterasi eksoskarn pada Formasi Waripi dan paling rendah pada alterasi kalsit. Mineral magnetit memperburuk bacaan metode XRF.

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Ertsberg East Skarn System (EESS) area is a Cu-Au mineralized skarn deposit. Mining activities in the EESS have entered the production stage, but there is still an advanced exploration stage which is this research’s background. This research aims to identify and analyze geological characteristics, alteration and mineralization and correlate them with chemical data in EESS area. This research was carried out by analyzing drill data so that the characteristics of geology, alteration and mineralization are known. Then a comprehensive analysis was carried out by correlating these characteristics with assay and XRF data. There are four protoliths at the location, granodiorite, mudstone, sandstone and siltstone. There are three formations, the Erstberg Intrusion, Waripi Formation, and Ekmai Formation. There is the Ertsberg 1 fault. There are nine alteration zones, (Secondary biotite + K feldspar), (Magnetite + Diopside ± Garnet ± Chlorite ± Epidote), (Magnetite + Diopside ± Garnet ± Anhydrite ± Serpentine), (K feldspar + Chlorite ± Secondary biotite ), (Sericite), (Pyrite + Pyrrhotite ± Magnetite), (Quartz), (Diopside ± Epidote ± Garnet ± Chlorite ± Magnetite), and (Calcite). The Cu content is highest in exoskarn alteration in the Waripi Formation and lowest in calcite alteration. The mineral magnetite worsens the XRF readings."

"Daerah panas bumi Limbong, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu lapangan panas bumi yang belum dilakukan eksplorasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merekomendasikan wilayah prospek panas bumi guna dilakukan kegiatan eksplorasi. Metode analisis penginderaan jauh dan geokimia air digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Terdapat 12 manifestasi air panas bumi yang dianalisis, terdiri dari 11 air panas dan 1 air dingin. Analisis penginderaan jauh menunjukkan pola kelurusan pada daerah penelitian berorientasi utara – selatan dan timurlaut – baratdaya, dengan tingkat densitas kelurusan dari sangat rendah hingga sangat tinggi. Pola dan densitas kelurusan tersebut diinterpretasikan sebagai zona permeabel yang mengontrol kemunculan manifestasi panas bumi. Selain pola kelurusan, analisis penginderaan jauh juga menunjukkan tingkat kerapatan vegetasi di daerah penelitian tersebar dari vegetasi tinggi hingga tidak bervegetasi, dengan suhu permukaan berkisar antara 12˚C hingga 26˚C. Berdasarkan analisis geokimia air, tipe air panas bumi pada daerah penelitian adalah klorida – bikarbonat. Sumber air panas bumi dari satu reservoir dengan kondisi full equilibrium dan immature waters yang telah mengalami pengenceran oleh air meteorik. Analisis geoindikator menunjukkan zona outflow dari daerah penelitian berada pada mata air APKD-5. Berdasarkan analisis data penginderaan jauh dan geokimia air, dapat direkomendasikan dua area prospek panas bumi di daerah penelitian. Area rekomendasi prospek panas bumi A terletak pada daerah Kanan Dede dengan luas sekitar 6.9 km2 di koordinat 120.012132, -2.557325 dan 120.045600, -2.573257. Area rekomendasi prospek panas bumi B terletak pada daerah Salu Rassasisi dengan luas sekitar 6.8 km2 di koordinat 119.964534, -2.552284 dan 120.000229, -2.567610.

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The Limbong geothermal area, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province is one of the geothermal fields that has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study is to recommend geothermal prospect areas for further exploration activities. Remote sensing and geochemical methods were used to gain this purpose. There are 12 geothermal water manifestations analyzed, consisting of 11 hot springs and 1 spring. The results of remote sensing analysis show a lineament in the study area with an N-S and NE-SE orientation, with lineament density levels from very low to very high. The lineament orientation and density are interpreted as a permeable zone that controls the appearance of geothermal manifestations. Remote sensing analysis also shows the level of vegetation density in the study area is spread from high to non-vegetated vegetation index with surface temperatures ranging from 12˚C to 26˚C. Based on Ternary Diagram, shows that the water manifestations in this area were classified as chloride – bicarbonate water types. The water source for the geothermal systems from a reservoir with full equilibrium and immature water conditions. Geoindicator analysis shows outflow zone from the research area is in the APKD-5 hot spring. Based on the remote sensing data analysis and water geochemistry, two geothermal prospect areas can be recommended. The recommended area for geothermal prospect A is around Kanan Dede with an area covers 6.9 km2 at coordinates 120.012132, -2.557325 and 120.045600, -2.573257. The recommended area for geothermal prospect B is around Salu Rassasisi area with an area covers 6.8 km2 at coordinates 119.964534, -2.552284 and 120.000229, -2.567610."

"Daerah penelitian Gimpu, Sulawesi Tengah merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi panas bumi yang belum dilakukan eksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan wilayah potensi panas bumi pada daerah penelitian untuk dilakukan eksplorasi panas bumi. Metode penginderaan jauh dan geokimia air digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Daerah penelitian memiliki persebaran manifestasi panas bumi berupa 10 titik manifestasi yang terdiri dari 1 mata air dingin dan 9 mata air panas. Pada analisis penginderaan jauh yang mengintegrasikan data FFD, LST, dan NDVI menunjukkan bahwa pola kelurusan pada daerah penelitian berorientasi ke arah barat laut-tenggara dan barat daya-timur laut dengan tingkat densitas kelurusan sangat rendah–sangat tinggi. Densitas tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh struktur geologi yang mengontrol kemunculan manifestasi panas bumi. Dilihat dari suhu permukaan, daerah penelitian memiliki suhu dari 9°C – 28°C dengan indeks tidak bervegetasi hingga vegetasi tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis geokimia air, tipe air panas bumi pada daerah penelitian didominasi oleh tipe klorida – bikarbonat dan bikarbonat. Manifestasi air panas bumi pada daerah penelitian memiliki kondisi immature waters yang telah mengalami pengenceran oleh air meteorik. Analis geoindikator menunjukkan bahwa zona outflow berada pada APB2. Analisis dengan kedua metode tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat 3 area potensi panas bumi, yaitu area potensi A terletak pada daerah Lawua dengan koordinat dan 9.824.401 mU - 9.825.469 mU dan 838.813 mT - 841.766 mT yang memiliki luas sekitar 5,2 km2 serta area potensi B terletak pada daerah OO Parese dengan koordinat 9.814.523 mU - 9.815.038 mU dan 839.871 mT - 843.504 mT yang memiliki luas sekitar 3,2 km2 dan area potensi C terletak pada daerah Marena dengan koordinat 9.829.026 mU – 9.827.485 mU dan 839.045 mT – 840.730 mT yang memiliki luas sekitar 3 km2.

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The Gimpu research area, Central Sulawesi is one of the areas in Indonesia that has geothermal potential that has not been explored. This research aims to map the geothermal potential area in the research area for geothermal exploration. Remote sensing and water geochemistry methods are used to achieve this goal. The research area has a distribution of geothermal manifestations in the form of 10 manifestation points consisting of 1 cold spring and 9 hot springs. The remote sensing analysis that integrates FFD, LST, and NDVI data shows that the alignment pattern in the study area is oriented towards the northwest-southeast and southwest-northeast with very low-very high alignment density. The density indicates the influence of geological structures that control the appearance of geothermal manifestations. In terms of surface temperature, the study area has temperatures from 9°C - 28°C with an index from no vegetation to high vegetation. Based on water geochemical analysis, the type of geothermal water in the study area is dominated by chloride - bicarbonate and bicarbonate types. Geothermal water manifestations in the study area have immature waters that have been diluted by meteoric water. Geoindicator analysis shows that the outflow zone is in APB2. Analysis with both methods found that there are 3 areas of geothermal potential, namely potential area A located in the Lawua area with coordinates and 9,824,401 mU - 9,825,469 mU and 838,813 mT - 841,766 mT which has an area of about 5.2 km2 and potential area B located in the OO Parese area with coordinates 9. 814.523 mU - 9.815.038 mU and 839.871 mT - 843.504 mT which has an area of about 3.2 km2 and potential area C is located in the Marena area with coordinates 9.829.026 mU - 9.827.485 mU and 839.045 mT - 840.730 mT which has an area of about 3 km2."

"Lapangan Daerah Lainea, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi panas bumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode yaitu, metode analisis geokimia air dan metode penginderaan jauh. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan daerah yang berpotensi dalam dilakukannya eksplorasi panas bumi lebih lanjut. Terdapat persebaran manifestasi panas bumi berupa air panas dan air dingin yang terdiri dari dari satu mata air dingin dan dua belas mata air panas. Pada analisis dari ketiga belas manifestasi permukaan panas bumi berdasarkan analisis geokimia air didapatkan bahwa tipe air panas bumi menunjukan tipe air bikarbonat. Sumber air panas bumi bersumber dari satu reservoir yang sama serta kondisi air panas berada di fase immature waters dan air panas berasal dari air meteorik. Berdasarkan geoindikator didapatkan zona upflow berada di titik APL-3. Pada metode penginderaan jauh mengintegrasikan antara data primer meliputi LST, NDVI, dan FFD serta data sekunder meliputi data geologi dan manifestasi permukaan. Melalui analisis tersebut, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat dua area potensi panas bumi. Pertama, Area potensi A terletak pada Daerah Lainea dengan koordinat UTM 459539 – 459298 mE dan UTM 9516156 – 9515231 mN serta memiliki luas 256 hektar. Kedua, area potensi B terletak pada Daerah Kaendi dengan koordinat 455202 – 455542 mE dan 9517840 – 9517577 mN serta memiliki luas 26 hektar.

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Lainea Region, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, is one of the many areas in Indonesia with geothermal potential. This research uses two methods—water geochemistry analysis and remote sensing method. This research aims to determine which area has the potential for further geothermal exploration. Firstly, there are distributions of geothermal manifestations in the form of hot and cold springs, consisting of one cold spring and twelve hot springs, respectively. Within the analysis of these thirteen manifestations of the geothermal surface according to the water geochemistry analysis, it was found that the geothermal water consists of bicarbonate water. The geothermal water source comes from the same reservoir, and the condition of the hot spring in the immature waters phase comes from the meteoric waters. Based on the geoindicator, there is an upflow zone at the APL-3 point. Secondly, through the remote sensing method—integrating the primary data such as LST, NDVI, and FFD with secondary data such as geological data and surface manifestations. This analysis obtains that there are two potential geothermal areas. First, Potential Area A, located in Lainea Region with the coordinate UTM 459539 – 459298 mE and UTM 9516156 – 9515231 mN, covers 256 hectares of the area. Second, Potential Area B is in Kaendi Region with the coordinates 455202 – 455542 mE dan 9517840 – 9517577 mN and covers 26 hectares."

"Eksplorasi mineral merupakan salah satu kegiatan penting untuk mendapatkan informasi dimana lokasi mineral berada, namun selama ini proses tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang besar terutama jika dilakukan pada daerah yang luas. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini penulis akan menyajikan aplikasi dari Sistem Informasi Geografis dan penginderaan jauh dalam pemetaan sebaran potensi deposit nikel laterit.Dengan menggunakan metode weight of evidence dan defoliant technique, akan ditunjukkan bagaimana pemetaan potensi deposit mineral pada wilayah tropis yang selama ini sulit untuk dilakukan. Sorowako merupakan contoh menarik untuk dikaji, wilayahnya yang merupakan bagian dari singkapan ultramafik terbesar di dunia disertai lingkungan mendukung menjadikan Sorowako kaya akan deposit nikel laterit.

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Trough Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in mapping the potential deposit distribution of nickel laterite. By applying the weight of evidence and defoliant technique, it evidently shows the difficulty on how mapping mineral deposits in the tropics have always been. Sorowako is an interesting place to be studied, as its region is one of the largest ultramafic faults in the world which includes the environment that supports it as a highly potential Nickel Laterite deposit."

"Daerah penelitian secara administratif berada di daerah Ganda-Ganda, KecamatanPetasia, Kabupaten Morowali Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Pelapukan batuanultramafik menghasilkan endapan laterit dengan karakteristik yang berbeda disetiapdaerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mineralogi dan geokimiaendapan nikel laterit dan batuan dasar, serta derajat laterisasi dan distribusinya padadaerah penelitian. Data yang digunakan merupakan data lapangan dari 6 profil lateritberupa 39 sampel batuan dan tanah, serta data assay dari analisis XRF (X-RayFluorescence) dan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Profil laterit pada daerah penelitian terdiridari limonit dengan kadar Ni 0,2 – 0,47%, serta saprolit 0,23 – 0,89% (termasuk sampelbedrock). Sampel bedrock yang merupakan bongkah batuan disekitar lapisan saprolitsecara mineralogi dianggap mewakili batuan dasar di bawah permukaan, memiliki kadarNi 0,56 – 0,89% dan diinterpretasikan merupakan rocky saprolite. Nikel pada limonitsecara dominan berasosiasi dengan mineral goetit dan gibsit, sementara pada saprolitberasosiasi dengan mineral serpentin (lizardit dan antigorit), talk, olivin (forsterit danfayalit), dan piroksen (enstatit). Derajat laterisasi pada daerah penelitian menunjukkanlimonit mengalami moderate – strongly lateritized, saprolit kaolinitized – stronglylaterized dan Index of laterization (IOL) berkorelasi positif dengan hubungan korelasikuat terhadap Fe pada limonit, saprolit, dan bedrock, sementara berkorelasi negatifterhadap Ni dengan hubungan lemah pada sampel bedrock.

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The research area is administratively located in Ganda-Ganda, Petasia District,

North Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. Weathering of ultramafic rocks

produces laterite deposits with different characteristics in each area. This study aims to

determine the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of nickel laterite deposits

and bedrock, as well as the degree of laterization and its distribution in the research area.

The data used include field data from 6 laterite profiles consisting of 39 rock and soil

samples, as well as assay data from XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) and XRD (X-Ray

Diffraction) analyses. The laterite profiles in the study area consist of limonite with Ni

content of 0.2 – 0.47%, and saprolite with Ni content of 0.23 – 0.89% (including bedrock

samples). The bedrock samples, which are rock fragments around the saprolite layer, are

mineralogically considered to represent the bedrock beneath the surface, with Ni content

of 0.56 – 0.89% and are interpreted as rocky saprolite. Nickel in limonite is predominantly

associated with the minerals goethite and gibbsite, while in saprolite it is associated with

serpentine minerals (lizardite and antigorite), talc, olivine (forsterite and fayalite), and

pyroxene (enstatite). The degree of laterization in the study area shows that limonite is

moderately to strongly lateritized, saprolite is kaolinitized to strongly laterized, and the

Index of Laterization (IOL) positively correlates with Fe in limonite, saprolite, and

bedrock, while it negatively correlates with Ni with a weak correlation in bedrock

samples."

"Metode utama IP dan resistivitas yang didukung dengan data magnetik dapat mendelineasi zona mineralisasi emas berdasarkan nilai chargeability dan resistivitasnya. Pengukuran metode IP menggunakan domain waktu dan konfigurasi dipole-dipole sebanyak 4 lintasan dengan spasi elektroda 25 m. Pengukuran dilakukan di daerah ‘X’ yang mempunyai kondisi geologi pembentukan mineralisasi emas sistem epitermal sulfida tinggi yang terbentuk dengan kedalaman dangkal 100-500 m. Pengukuran metode IP menggunakan instrumen Supersting R8/IP. Dan dari pengukuran didapatkan data yang berupa chargeability semu dan resistivitas semu yang selanjutnya diinversi menggunakan software Res2Dinv untuk mendapatkan nilai chargeability dan resistivitas yang sebenarnya. Hasil pengolahan data IP ditampilkan secara 2D dengan software Res2Dinv dan visualisasi 3D menggunakan software Geoslicer-X. Dari integrasi data IP, resistivitas dan magnetik didapatkan korelasi hasil berupa 3 zona menarik yang diinterpretasikan sebagai mineralisasi vuggy quartz dengan nilai chargeability > 400 ms yang disertai dengan nilai resistivitas > 800 Ohm.m dan respon profil magnetik yang berundulasi pada lintasan 200. Dan adanya zona lemah berupa patahan terdeteksi dengan nilai chargeability yang rendah yaitu sekitar < 50 ms, nilai resistivitas < 20 Ohm.m dan profil intensitas magnetik yang drop, yang merupakan jalur bagi larutan hidrotermal naik ke permukaan.

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The main methods of IP and resistivity, supported by magnetic data can delineate zones of gold mineralization based on their chargeability and resistivity values​​. Measurement using time domain IP and dipole-dipole configuration of resistivity along 4 profiles with electrode spacing of 25 m. Measurements were carried out in the area "X" which had gold mineralization geological conditions of formation of high sulphidation epithermal systems formed in shallow depth of 100-500 m. Measurement was done by using instruments Supersting R8/IP IP. The data obtained from measurements in the form of apparent chargeability and apparent resistivity were subsequently inverted using the Res2Dinv software to get the value of the true chargeability and resistivity. IP data processing results displayed in 2D view using Res2Dinv software and 3D visualization using Geoslicer-X software.

From the integration of IP, resistivity and magnetic data correlation, resulted 3 interesting zone interpreted as mineralization of vuggy quartz with chargeability values​​ > 500 ms, resistivity values​​> 600 Ohm.m and undulated magnetic’s response curve along the profile 200. The existence of zone in form of the fault was detected as a low chargeability, at values ​ about < 50 ms, low resistivity at value about < 50 Ohm.m and dropped magnetic intensity profiles, which is interpreted as the pathway for hydrothermal solutions up to the surface."