Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Coastal plant locally known as terong pungo (Solanum sp.) was used by Aceh community as traditional medicine for toothache. The objectives of this study were to isolate endophytic fungi from the leaves of terong pungo and determine the antibacterial activity of the fungi against bacteria causing dental caries and infection. Eight endophytic fungi were isolated. Antagonism test among the isolates was performed to select the most dominant fungus. TP6 was the selected fungus based on the antagonism assay. Crude extracts of the fungus were macerated from the culture broth using ethyl acetate. The strongest antibacterial activity of the extracts was obtained when the fungus was at 12 days of cultivation. The fungal crude extract was strongly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone diameter of 20, 21 and 23 mm, respectively."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh dan mengidentifikasi isolat-isolat bakteri endofit yang potensial senyawa bioaktif antidiare dari tanaman N. altissima; mendeteksi, memurnikan dan mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif antidiare yang dihasilkan; serta menganalisis mekanisme kerjanya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari bagian akar, kulit batang, dan daun tanaman N. altissima. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dan dimurnikan menggunakan medium Nutrient Agar NA dan Luria Bertani LB agar. Aktinomisetes endofit diisolasi dan dimurnikan menggunakan medium Starch Casein Agar SCA dan International Streptomyces Project ISP 2 agar. Identifikasi bakteri dan aktinomisetes endofit dilakukan secara molekuler dengan melakukan analisis filogenetik sekuen nukleotida bakteri dari daerah 16S rRNA dengan metode Neighbour Joining NJ . Isolasi dan purifikasi senyawa dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan kromatografi kolom. Senyawa bioaktif dideteksi dengan teknik Kromatografi Lapis Tipis KLT bioautografi. Senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri dan aktinomisetes endofit diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan KLT, spektroskopi Resonansi Magnetik Inti NMR dan Spektroskopi Massa LC-MS . Mekanisme aksi dari senyawa bioaktif antidiare dianalisis dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron scanning SEM . Dari 185 isolat bakteri endofit yang diperoleh, 104 isolat 56,21 dari bagian daun; 51 isolat 27,56 dari bagian kulit batang; dan 30 isolat 16,21 dari bagian akar. Sedangkan dari 33 isolat aktinomisetes endofit yang diperoleh, dua isolat 6,06 dari bagian kulit batang, 31 isolat 93,94 dari bagian akar, dan tidak diperoleh isolat aktinomisetes dari daun. Spesies bakteri endofit potensial ialah Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain UICC B-40, P. aeruginosa strain UICC B-93, dan P. azotoformans strain UICC B-91. Sedangkan aktinomisetes endofit potensial diidentifikasi sebagai Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 dan Nonomuraea sp. strain UICC B-94. Hasil identifikasi senyawa menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif yang diperoleh dari P. aeruginosa strain UICC B-40 diduga merupakan senyawa metabolit baru, terdiri atas 2E,5E -phenyl tetradeca-2,5-dienoate C20H28O2 . Senyawa bioaktif aktinomisetes Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 ialah 4-O-glucocyl, 1-carboxyl-phenazine C19H18N2O8 . Senyawa turunan phenazine dengan adanya gugus gula dari isolat Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 diduga merupakan senyawa bioaktif baru. Hasil bioassai aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan baik senyawa bioaktif dari P. aeruginosa strain UICC B-40 maupun Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 menghambat bakteri Gram positif Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 10876 dan Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923. Mekanisme penghambatan dari kedua senyawa menunjukkan adanya aktivitas lisis terhadap membran sel bakteri uji, ditunjukkan dengan terjadinya pemanjangan ukuran sel, kerusakan dan kebocoran membran sel sehingga mengganggu permeabilitas membran sel dan akhirnya menyebabkan kematina sel. Senyawa metabolit P. aeruginosa strain UICC B-40 lebih potensial sebagai senyawa antidiare dibandingkan senyawa metabolit dari Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92.Kata kunci : antidiare, bakteri endofit, 16S rRNA, lisis, Neesia altissima, spektroskopi.

---

The aims of this study were to obtain potential endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes from N. altissima as anti diarrhea bioactive producer and to screen and identify their anti diarrhea bioactive compound and to investigate the mechanism of action of the bioactive compound in inhibiting the growth of diarrhea causing bacteria. Media for endophytic bacteria isolation and purification were NA and LB agar, while media for endophytic actinomycetes isolation and purification were SCA and ISP2 agar. Identification of endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes was carried out based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence generated from 16S rRNA region. Isolation, purification, and detection of bioactive compounds were carried out using maceration process, column chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography TLC bioautography, respectively. Identification were elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy LC MS analyses. The mechanism of action of bioactive compound were morphologically observed using scanning electron microscope SEM . In this study, from a total 185 endophytic bacteria obtained, 104 isolates 56.21 obtained from leaves, 30 isolates 16.21 from roots, and 51 isolates 27.56 from stem barks. From a total 33 endophytic actinomycetes isolates obtained, 31 isolates 93.94 from roots, two isolates 6.06 from stem barks, and no isolates obtained from leaves. Based on phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence generated from 16S rRNA region, two isolates of endophytic bacteria determined as P. aeruginosa strain UICC B 40 and one isolate belongs to P. azotoformans strain UICC B 91 two isolates of endophytic actinomycetes determined as Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B 92 and Nonomuraea sp. strain UICC B 94 . On the basis of 1H NMR spectral data and supported with molecular weight data from LC MS analysis, bioactive compound from P. aeruginosa strain UICC B 40 was identified as growth associated metabolite, and determined as 2E,5E phenyl tetradeca 2,5 dienoate C20H28O2 . In addition, bioactive compound from Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B 92 was identified as 4 O glucocyl, 1 carboxyl phenazine C19H18N2O8 . The bioactive compound from Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B 92 is suggested as novel type of phenazine derivative. All of bioactive compounds showed high in vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 10876 and Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923. The bioactive compounds from P. aeruginosa strain UICC B 40 and Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B 92 showed membrane cell walls lysis mechanism. The cell walls of S. aureus strain ATCC 25923 and B. cereus strain ATCC 10876 were apparently damaged after treated by the antibacterial compound. Occurrence of local rupture or pore formation in the cell membranes was also found and causing leakage of essential intracellular constituents from the cells. The bioactive compound from P. aeruginosa strain UICC B 40 is more potential as anti diarrhea compound than that from Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B 92.Key words antidiarrhea, endophyte bacteria, 16S rRNA, lysis, Neesia altissima, spectroscopy."

"Andrographis paniculata Ness telah dikembangkan penggunaannya untuk pengobatan tradisional dan membantu melawan penyakit panas, disentri, pembengkakan, diabetes, kanker, dan lain-lain. Ekstraksi solid-liquid dengan metode perkolasi dilakukan untuk mengekstraksi andrografolid dari daun dan batang sambiloto dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol. Proses ekstraksi dimodelkan berdasarkan karakter fisikokimia, dengan memperhitungkan difusi intrapartikel dan transfer massa di fasa fluida menggunakan program Comsol Multiphysics 5.1. Model divalidasi dengan data percobaan pada salah satu kondisi operasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan simulasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter operasi (kecepatan alir pelarut dan ukuran partikel). Kondisi optimal yang menghasilkan yield andrografolid paling besar adalah pada kecepatan alir pelarut 0,00446 m/s dengan jari-jari partikel 382,5.10-6 m.

---

Andrographis paniculata Ness has been extensively used for traditional medicine and help against fever, dysentry, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, etc. is one of the major comodities. Solid-liquid extraction using percolation method is performed from leaves and stem of Andrographis paniculata in ethanol solvent, in order to obtain andrographolide. Extraction process was modelled based on physicochemical characteristics, accounting for intraparticle diffusion and external mass transfers using Comsol Multiphysics 5.1. software. The model is compared with experimental data for one of operational condition. The simulation are done in order to study the influences of the operating parameters (solvent flow rate and particle size). The optimum yield of andrographolideobtain atsolvent flow rate 0,00446 m/s andradius ofparticle 382,5.10-6 m."

"It was reported that the extracts of papaya leaves could inhibit the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer. Antibacterial activity of Carica papaya leaf extracts on pathogenic bacteria was observed in this study. Papaya leaves were extracted by using maceration method and three kinds of solvents : ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. Papaya leaf extracts were tested against Bacillus stearothermophilus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion method. The objectives of this study were to determine extract ability against pathogenic bacteria, to observe the influence of pH, NaCl, and heat on extracts ability, and to observe extract ability against B.stearothermophilus spores.The data showed that ethyl acetate extract could inhibit B. stearothermophilus, L. monocytogenes, Pseudomonas sp., and E. coli. The extract activity was influenced by pH, and it was more effective in low pH. The extract activity was influenced by NaCl against B. stearothermophillus and E. coli . However, it was not influenced by NaCl in bioassay against L. monocytogenes and Pseudomonas sp. The extract activity was influenced by heating process against all the bacteria tested. The extracts inhibited B. stearothermophilus spores as well. Papaya leaves are potential natural anti -bacteria, which might be used in certain kinds of food."

"Study microbial in the Aceh coastal waters and its vicinity were carried out in the period of August-September2006. The purpose of the study is to monitor the marine and coastal environments related to the bacterial condition in Aceh waters after the tsunami disaster....."

"Batang Regency as the northern coastal area of Java islandexperiences a problem of land use management that has not been optimal so that there is a need for analysis of land use development in the coastal area of Batang Regency. The purpose of this study is to examine the direction of land use development in coastal areas of Batang Regency with spatial analysis. This research method implementsquantitative approach while the analytical techniqueis spatial analysis. Spatial analysis is performed to identify land use of thecoastal area in Batang Regency. The study scope of coastal areasis based on administrative subdistricts located along the coast of Batang Regency. This research utilizes Spot satellite image year 2015 with the map of regionalspatial pattern plan of Batang Regency in 20112031. The spatial analysis result of land use developmentinBatang Regency’s coastal area includes the suitable category of 18.130,65 (56,32%) while the unsuitable category is 14.059,44 (43,68%). Batang Sub-district’s suitable category is 1.214,03 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.220,51 ha. Kandeman Sub-district’s suitable category is 1.565.02 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.610,65 ha. TulisSub-district’ssuitablecategory is 2.452,98 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.055,80 ha. Subah Sub-district’ssuitablecategory is 5.381,89 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.970,28 ha. Banyuputih Sub-district’s suitable category is 2.314,61 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.127,89 ha. Gringsing Subdistrict’s suitablecategory is 5.202,12 ha, while the unsuitable categoryis 2.074,31 ha.The conclusion of land use planning development for Batang and Kandeman Sub-districts is that there are still a lot of lands designated for residential development. Subah Sub-district is for fisheries development while Tulis, Banyuputih, and Gringsing Sub-districts are for industrial development."

"Bacteria in agrobiology : plant probiotics, discusses the current trends and future prospects of beneficial microorganisms acting as probiotics. Topics include the application for the aboveground fitness of plants, in mountain ecosystems, in tropical and Mediterranean forests, and in muga sericulture. Further aspects are Arabidopsis as a model system for the diversity and complexity of plant responses, plant parasitic nematodes, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus nutrition."

"Pesisir selatan Kabupaten Pacitan merupakan salah satu wilayah yang berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia dan memiliki sebuah teluk bernama Teluk Pacitan. Proses erosi dan sedimentasi perlu diketahui untuk melihat kondisi fisik pantai. Ukuran dan diameter butir sedimen merupakan bagian dari sifat-sifat sedimen yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang proses transport sedimen. Distribusi sedimen memberikan gambaran mengenai asal sedimen, sejarah transportasi, dan kondisi pengendapannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lingkungan sedimentasi dan menganalisis variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap diameter butir sedimen. Metode pengambilan sampel daerah acak berstrata pada setiap segmen sepanjang 150x150 meter untuk pengumpulan sampel sedimen dan data kemiringan gisik pantai. Pengelompokkan sedimen dari hasil pengayakan yang dilakukan di laboratorium P2O LIPI berdasarkan skala Wentworth dan dilakukan uji granulometri. Arus pantai dan energi geombang diperoleh dari sumber data BMKG Ocean Forecast System. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sedimen dengan jenis pasir mendominasi di semua pantai. Nilai mean pada pantai hadapan samudera berkisar antara -0.18 ndash; 2.43, sorting adalah well sorted hingga poorly sorted, skewness adalah very fine skewed hingga very coarse skewed, dan kurtosis adalah very leptokurtic dan extremely leptokurtic. Pantai hadapan teluk, nilai mean 2.20 ndash; 4.49 dari sisi barat hingga timur, sorting adalah very well sorted hingga moderately sorted, skewness adalah very fine skewed hingga coarse skewed, dan kurtosis adalah very leptokurtic dan extremely leptokurtic. Hasil uji statistik dengan Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda diperoleh hasil arus pantai, energi gelombang, dan keimiringan gisik pantai berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap diameter butir sedimen.

---

The southern coast of Pacitan regency is one of the areas directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean and has a bay called Pacitan Bay. The process of erosion and sedimentation should be known to see the physical condition of the beach. The size and diameter of the sediment grains are part of the sedimentary properties that can provide information about the sediment transport process. Sediment distribution provides an overview of the origin of sediments, transportation history, and deposition conditions. This study aims to analyze the sedimentation environment and analyze the variables that have the most influence on the diameter of the sediment grains. Methods of sampling stratified random areas on each segment along 150x150 meters for collection of sediment samples and slope data of coastal gradients. The grouping of sediments from the sieving result conducted in LIPI P2O laboratory based on Wentworth scale and granulometry test. Coastal currents and wave energy are obtained from BMKG Ocean Forecast System data source. The results showed that sediment with sand types dominates on all beaches. Mean values on oceanfront beaches range from 0.18 2.43, sorting is well sorted to poorly sorted, skewness is very fine skewed to very coarse skewed, and kurtosis is very leptokurtic and extremely leptokurtic. Beachfront bay, mean value 2.20 4.49 from west to east side, sorting is very well sorted to moderately sorted, skewness is very fine skewed to coarse skewed, and kurtosis is very leptokurtic and extremely leptokurtic. The result of statistical test with Multiple Linear Regression Analysis showed that coastal currents, wave energy, and the slope of the coastal gradient influence simultaneously to the diameter of the sediment grains."

"Tambak terlantar merupakan man made breeding places pada daerah endemis malaria di ekosistem pantai Pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor dapat memutuskan rantai penularan malaria Penerapan manajemen terpadu yaitu manajemen kasus dan manajemen lingkungan dalam pengendalian malaria merupakan key alternative terutama pada daerah endemis dengan jumlah habitat perindukan vektor berupa tambak terlantar yang luas Pengelolaan tambak terlantar perlu menerapkan prinsip berkelanjutan yaitu mempertimbangkan aspek ekologi ekonomi sosial kelembagaan dan teknologi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor berkelanjutan Lokasi penelitian adalah desa Sukarame Sukamaju dan Kampung Baru Kecamatan Punduh Pedada Kabupaten Pesawaran Propinsi Lampung Metode yang digunakan untuk pemilihan alternatif pengelolaan tambak terlantar berkelanjutan yaitu Analytical Network Process ANP Penyusunan model pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor menggunakan metode System Dynamics Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan alternatif pengelolaan tambak terlantar agar tidak menjadi habitat perindukan vektor yang mempertimbangkan aspek aspek keberlanjutan adalah budi daya ikan Nila Bandeng 27 Budi daya udang 22 rehabilitasi mangrove 18 mengeringkan tambak 12 mengalirkan air laut ke tambak 10 dan membersihkan ganggang atau lumut 9 Urutan kriteria yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemilihan alternatif pengelolaan tambak terlantar adalah aspek lingkungan 26 sosial 24 Teknologi 18 Kelembagaan 17 dan ekonomi 15 Skenario terbaik pada model pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor berkelanjutan dilakukan dengan intervensi predator 60 dan rehabilitasi mangrove 10 Pengelolaan tambak terlantar membutuhkan keterlibatan lintas sektor yaitu instansi Dinas Perikanan 70 pengusaha tambak 80 peran serta aktif masyarakat 50 dan keterlibatan instansi Dinas Kesehatan 70 dalam manajemen kasus malaria Pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor berkelanjutan dapat menurunkan habitat perindukan vektor 8 28 kepadatan larva Anopheles sp 55 2 nyamuk Anopheles sp 11 68 dan kasus malaria 25 78

---

Derelict ponds are man made breeding places in endemic areas in coastal ecosystems Vector breeding habitat management can break the chain of transmission of malaria Implementation of the integrated management of case management and environmental management in malaria control is a key alternative especially in endemic areas by the number of vector breeding habitats such as ponds abandoned areas Management of abandoned farms need to apply sustainable principles that consider the ecological economic social institutional and technological The purpose of this study is to formulate a model of malaria control through sustainable management of vector breeding habitats The research location is the village Sukarame Sukamaju and Kampung Baru Punduh Pedada subdistrict Pesawaran district Lampung province The method used for the selection of alternative sustainable management of derelict ponds were Analytical Network Process ANP Modeling the control of malaria through vector breeding habitat management using System Dynamics The results showed that the sequence of alternative farm management so as not to be stranded vector breeding habitats that considers aspects of sustainability are Tilapia aquaculture Milk 27 shrimp cultivation 22 rehabilitation of mangroves 18 dry ponds 12 sea water flowing into the pond 10 and cleaning algae or moss 9 The order of the criteria to be considered in the selection of alternative to derelict farm management are environment 26 social 24 technology 18 institutional 17 and economy 15 The best case scenario in a model of malaria control through sustainable management of vector breeding habitat is done by the intervention predators 60 and mangrove rehabilitation 10 Management of abandoned farms that require cross sector involvement Fisheries agencies 70 farm employers 80 public participation 50 and the Public Health Service agency involvement 70 in malaria case management Control of malaria vector breeding habitat through sustainable management can reduce vector breeding habitats of 8 28 density of larval Anopheles sp 55 2 the mosquito Anopheles sp 11 68 and decrease malaria cases of 25 78 "