Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Improved floating point (FP) multiplier based on canonical signed digit code (CSDC) has been reported in this paper. Array structure was implemented through Hatamain’s scheme of partial product generation along with Baugh-Wooley’s (B.W) sign digit multiplication technique. Moreover, CSDC approaches were used for the addition of partial products in constant time without carry propagation and independent of operands. The functionality of these circuits was checked and performance parameters, such as propagation delay, dynamic switching power consumptions were calculated by spice spectre using 90nm CMOS technology. Implementation methodology ensures the stage reduction for floating point multiplier, hence substantial reduction in propagation delay compared with B.W.’s methodology, has been investigated. Implementation result offered propagation delay of the single precision floating point multiplier was only ~14.7ns propagation delay while the power consumption of the same was ~23.7mW. Almost ~40% improvement in speed from earlier reported FP multiplier, e.g. B.W implementation methodology, the best architecture reported so far, has been achieved."

"This is the first book to focus on the problem of ensuring the correctness of floating-point hardware designs through mathematical methods. Formal Verification of Floating-Point Hardware Design advances a verification methodology based on a unified theory of register-transfer logic and floating-point arithmetic that has been developed and applied to the formal verification of commercial floating-point units over the course of more than two decades, during which the author was employed by several major microprocessor design companies. The book consists of five parts, the first two of which present a rigorous exposition of the general theory based on the first principles of arithmetic. Part I covers bit vectors and the bit manipulation primitives, integer and fixed-point encodings, and bit-wise logical operations. Part II addresses the properties of floating-point numbers, the formats in which they are encoded as bit vectors, and the various modes of floating-point rounding. In Part III, the theory is extended to the analysis of several algorithms and optimization techniques that are commonly used in commercial implementations of elementary arithmetic operations. As a basis for the formal verification of such implementations, Part IV contains high-level specifications of correctness of the basic arithmetic instructions of several major industry-standard floating-point architectures, including all details pertaining to the handling of exceptional conditions. Part V illustrates the methodology, applying the preceding theory to the comprehensive verification of a state-of-the-art commercial floating-point unit. All of these results have been formalized in the logic of the ACL2 theorem prover and mechanically checked to ensure their correctness. They are presented here, however, in simple conventional mathematical notation. The book presupposes no familiarity with ACL2, logic design, or any mathematics beyond basic high school algebra. It will be of interest to verification engineers as well as arithmetic circuit designers who appreciate the value of a rigorous approach to their art, and is suitable as a graduate text in computer arithmetic."

"Penjumlahan n bilangan floating point biasanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rekursif biasa (metode original). Tugas akhir ini membahas beberapa metode alternatif untuk menjumlah n bilangan floating point, yaitu metode increasing, decreasing, psum, pairwise, insertion, dan plus-minus. Ketelitian dari metode-metode ini dibandingkan dengan analisis batas atas kesalahan dan percobaan numerik. Tidak ada satu metode yang secara seragam lebih akurat daripada metode lainnya. Tetapi untuk kasus khusus, diberikan petunjuk untuk memilih metode penjumlahan tertentu."

"Metode penjumlahan rekursif biasa (Original) umumnya dipakai untuk menjumlahkan n bilangan floating-point. Metode ini memiliki variasi: Increasing dan Decreasing. Pada tugas akhir ini akan dibahas cara memperbaiki ketelitian penjumlahan rekursif floating-point dengan metode compensated. Untuk membandingkan ketelitian metode-metode tersebut digunakan analisa kesalahan pembulatan dan percobaan-percobaan numerik. Metode Compensated sangat efektif untuk memperbaiki ketelitian penjumlahan rekursif floating-point, dengan batas atas kesalahan|En| < (2u + 0(nu2)) Σ|Xi|"

"Dok apung merupakan sebuah struktur yang dibangun sebagai tempat dilakukannya reparasi kapal. Dok apung banyak diminati oleh pemilik kapal karena dapat mengerjakan reparasi dan pemeliharaan untuk bagian baik diatas maupun dibawah air. Sebagai salah satu alat niaga galangan, tingginya pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh dok apung terlebih dalam proses docking- undocking tentu harus mengutamakan aspek keselamatannya karena memiliki banyak risiko besar yang dapat mempengaruhi dok apung secara operasional maupun teknis. Sebagai langkah untuk mencegah atau mengurangi posibilitas terjadinya patah pada dok apung akibat beban kerja yang besar, perlu dilakukan penilaian risiko keselamatan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisa risiko keselamatan dari dok apung, penulis menggunakan Metode Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan penilaian risiko, memberikan pilihan pengendalian risiko, menghitung biaya dan memberikan rekomendasi pengendalian risiko. Sumber terbesar dari patahnya dok apung yaitu penipisan ketebalan pelat dan kelebihan beban dan diidentifikasi cara pengendalian risikonya dengan bantuan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) yang menghasilkan 4 butir opsi pengendalian risiko beserta perhitungan biayanya. Dari setiap pengendalian risiko didapatkan total sembilan rekomendasi pengendalian risiko besera estimasi biayanya.

---

Floating dock is a structure built as a place for ship repairs to be carried out. Floating docks are in great demand by ship owners because they can carry out repairs and maintenance for parts both above and below water. As one of the shipyard's trading tools, the high work done by the floating dock, especially in the docking-undocking process, of course, must prioritize the safety aspect because it has many big risks that can affect the floating dock operationally and technically. In some cases, unfortunately, fractures occur in floating docks which are certainly dangerous like what happened in Jayakerta IV floating dock. So to reduce the risk of such event, a risk assessment is carried out and produce several recommendation to control the hazard. The method used to analyze safety risks from floating docks, the authors use the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) method. The biggest sources of floating dock fractures are plate thickness thinning and overload and ways to control the risks are identified with the help of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) which produces 4 risk control options along with cost calculations. From each risk control, a total of nine risk control recommendations along with estimated costs are obtained."

"ABSTRAKMenyadari dengan bertambahnya kapal tanker 17500 DWT di Indonesia maka dibutuhkan fasilitas pengedokan yang mudah dan aman. Dok Apung merupakan salah satu proses pengedokan mudah dan secara kontruksi tidak memakan waktu dan lahan. Perancangan Dok Apung dengan 13000 TLC dibuat dengan tujuan membantu proses pengedokan yang ada di negara ini. Dok Apung tidak lepas dari kata stabilitas karena gaya apung pada dok membutuhkan tingkat stabilitas yang baik untuk tetap menjaga dok dan kapal yang sedang dok didalamnya mutlak aman dari segala kondisi trim dan oleng. Proses pengedokan kapal pada dok apung dioperasikan menggunakan sistem ballast. Ballast yang dipompa masuk kedalam tangki ballast akan menenggelamkan dok dan sebaliknya ballast yang dikeluarkan dari tangki ballast akan mengangkat dok untuk mengapung. Kapal dalam dok dengan kondisi trim dan oleng dapat diatur stabilitasnya dengan sistem ballast.

---

ABSTRACTThe increasing use of 17500 DWT tankers has led to the need of convenient and apt docking facility. Dry dock is an alternative for the need because its ease of use and efficiency both in time and land consumption. 13000 TLC dry dock planning is established to help improving docking process in Indonesia. It is crucial to pay attention to stability in dry dock planning because it requires a good level of stability to maintain the dock and the vessel involved in the docking process from trim. Docking process with dry dock operates with ballast system. Ballast pumped into the ballast tank causes the dock to descend and vice versa. Ballast pumped out of the tank raises the dock to float. The stability of a vessel in trim condition can be easily adjusted and maintained with ballast system. "

"The Renewable Energy market is quickly trending upwards as the dependence on fossil fueldecreases. With more eco-friendly energy sources entering the market, such as Solar, variousinvestments have shifted into developing a cleaner future. However, most renewable energiesface a clear challenge – intermittency. By shifting dependence on environmental factorstowards a secondary assistive system, dependent solar energy source manipulation can berealised. The system used to test this thinking is the pairing between the Floating Photovoltaic(FPV) system and the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). The solar panels will provideenergy that will power a compressor to store compressed air within an air tank. This can thenbe converted to electricity at any time with the assistance of a turbine and generator. Thishighlights the importance turbine performance has on the system. Following conventions fromradial turbine workings, a commercial Turbocharger (RHF4-IHI) will be modified into aworking turbine. After doing so, a performance analysis will be carried out in the form ofefficiency calculations. The aim of the research is to gather The Renewable Energy market is quickly trending upwards as the dependence on fossil fueldecreases. With more eco-friendly energy sources entering the market, such as Solar, variousinvestments have shifted into developing a cleaner future. However, most renewable energiesface a clear challenge – intermittency. By shifting dependence on environmental factorstowards a secondary assistive system, dependent solar energy source manipulation can berealised. The system used to test this thinking is the pairing between the Floating Photovoltaic(FPV) system and the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). The solar panels will provideenergy that will power a compressor to store compressed air within an air tank. This can thenbe converted to electricity at any time with the assistance of a turbine and generator. Thishighlights the importance turbine performance has on the system. Following conventions fromradial turbine workings, a commercial Turbocharger (RHF4-IHI) will be modified into aworking turbine. After doing so, a performance analysis will be carried out in the form ofefficiency calculations. The aim of the research is to gather quantifiable data and observe howwell the turbocharger-based turbine design will fit into the CAES-FPV system

---

Karena Ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil berkurang, penggunaan pasar Energi

Terbarukan cenderung naik dengan cepat. Dengan lebih banyak sumber energi “eco-friendly”

seperti Solar, beragam investasi telah bergeser untuk pengembangan masa depan yang lebih

bersih. Namun, sebagian besar energi terbarukan menghadapi tantangan yang jelas -

intermittency. Dengan mengganti ketergantungan pada faktor-faktor lingkungan dengan

sistem bantuan sekunder, kita dapat manipulasi sumber energi dependen yang realistis.

Sistem yang digunakan untuk menguji pemikiran ini adalah pasangan kerjasama antara

sistem Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) dan Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). Panel

surya akan menyediakan energi yang memberi daya pada kompresor untuk menyimpan udara

terkompresi di dalam tangki udara. Ini kemudian dapat diubah menjadi listrik kapan saja

dengan bantuan turbin dan generator. Oleh karena itu, kinerja turbin pada sistem ini sangat

penting. Mengikuti cara kerja turbin radial, Turbocharger komersial (RHF4-IHI) akan

dimodifikasi menjadi turbin yang berfungsi. Setelah itu dilakukan analisis kinerja dalam

bentuk perhitungan efisiensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan data dan

pengamatan seberapa baik desain turbin berbasis turbocharger dapat disesuaikan untuk sistem

CAES-FPV."

"Pembangunan tangki avtur di DPPU Kertajati diperlukan sebagai tindak lanjut pemerintah terhadap pembangunan Bandarudara Internasional Jawa Barat (BIJB) di Kertajati, Majalengka. Praktik keinsinyuran bertujuan untuk mendesain tangki avtur kapasitas 2000 KL. Tangki avtur berkapasitas 2000 KL didesain berdasarkan perhitungan yang mengacu pada Code dan Standard yang berlaku secara internasional API 650 dan JIG 2. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil desain sesuai API 650, tangki avtur kapasitas 2000 KL yang akan dibangun di DPPU Kertajati memiliki diameter 18m dan tinggi 9.7m. Tebal plat bottom dan annular 8mm. Tebal shell pertama 8mm, kedua 8mm, ketiga 6mm, keempat 6mm. Tebal plat roof 6mm. Sedangkan desain tangki avtur berdasarkan JIG 2 harus dilakukan pengecatan pada sisi dalam tangki (internal coating), memiliki floating suction, memiliki tiga sampling point (upper, middle, lower) yang terkoneksi dengan sampling jar.

---

he construction of an avtur tank at the Kertajati DPPU is needed as a follow-up to the government's development of the West Java International Airport (BIJB) in Kertajati, Majalengka. The engineering practice aims to design an avtur tank with a capacity of 2000 KL. The avtur tank with a capacity of 2000 KL is designed based on calculations that refer to the internationally accepted Code and Standards API 650 and JIG 2. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Based on the design results according to API 650, the avtur tank with a capacity of 2000 KL, which will be built at the Kertajati DPPU, has a diameter of 18m and a height of 9.7m. The bottom and the annular plate thickness is 8mm. The first shell thickness is 8mm, the second 8mm, the third 6mm, and the fourth 6mm. The roof plate thickness is 6mm. While the avtur tank design based on JIG 2 must be coated on the inside of the tank (internal coating), have floating suction, and have three sampling points (upper, middle, lower) connected to the sampling jar."