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"Latar BelakangPeningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2.TujuanMengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan.MetodeStudi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 202-November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40-59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data.HasilSebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuanKesimpulanTerdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan.

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Background

Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient.

Aim

To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM.

Methods

A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021-November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40-59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution.

Result

133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01).

Conclusion

There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength."

"Peningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2.TujuanMengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan.Metode Studi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 2021 – November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40 – 59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data.Hasil Sebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuanKesimpulanTerdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan.

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Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient.

To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM.

A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021 – November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40 – 59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution.

133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01).

There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength.

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"Prevalensi Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya serta menyebabkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi di Indonesia. Kontrol glikemik harus dilaksanakan oleh penderita DM untuk menghindari timbulnya komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan keberhasilan kontrol glikemik pada pasien DM. Studi cross ndash; sectional dilakukan pada 57 pasien DM yang berobat di Rumah Sakit Husada Jakarta pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien DM dengan kontrol glikemik yang buruk banyak ditemukan pada kelompok pasien usia 50-64 tahun, perempuan, durasi penyakit.

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Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 tends to increase every year and causing high morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Glycemic control should be carried out by people with diabetes to avoid the onset of complications. This study aims to determine the factors that related to the success of glycemic control in T2DM patients. A cross sectional study conducted on 57 patients with T2DM who seek treatment at Husada Hospital Jakarta in 2015. This study showed that T2DM patients with poor glycemic control are found in the group of patients aged 50 64 years, women, disease duration."

"Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) disandang oleh 10,7 juta orang di Indonesia dan menjadi tiga besar penyakit tidak menular penyebab kematian. Sebagian besar kematian terjadi akibat komplikasi yang diawali oleh kontrol glikemik kadar HbA1c yang tidak adekuat, dan diasosiasikan dengan aspek multifaktorial seperti karakteristik sosiodemografi maupun perilaku individu dalam merawat diri—Self-Care Behaviour. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kontrol glikemik pada penyandang DMT2 dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi dan perilaku self-care yang dimiliki. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang terhadap data sekunder yang dikumpulkan sebelumnya pada Kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular Bogor 2021. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Self-Care Behaviour yang divalidasi dalam bahasa Indonesia, pengukuran kadar HbA1c serta karakteristik penyandang. Populasi studi adalah penyandang DMT2 di lima fasilitas kesehatan primer di Kota Bogor. Sampel dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan perhitungan odds ratio. Hasil: Analisis dilakukan pada 237 responden, terdiri atas 90 responden kelompok usia lansia (38%) dan 147 dewasa (62%). Jenis kelamin responden didominasi perempuan sebanyak 171 responden (72,2%) dan 66 responden laki-laki (27,8%). Sebanyak 149 responden (62,9%) memiliki skor Self-Care Behaviour yang baik. Sejumlah 134 responden (56,6%) memiliki kadar HbA1c yang terkontrol. Empat dari tujuh komponen Self-Care Behaviour—pengetahuan, motivasi, dukungan, dan efikasi—berhubungan dengan kontrol glikemik (p<0,001). Efikasi menjadi prediktor kadar HbA1c terkontrol paling kuat (Odds ratio [OR]: 9,7; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5,27–17,67). Skor keseluruhan Self-Care Behaviour yang baik meningkatkan probabilitas kadar HbA1c terkontrol 9,1 kali (95% CI 4,94–16,7) dibanding skor kurang baik. Komponen komunikasi, sikap, dan pembiayaan tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan. Tingkat pendidikan dan riwayat DMT2 di keluarga berhubungan dengan tingkat keseluruhan Self-Care Behaviour dan dengan kontrol kadar HbA1c. Kesimpulan: Aspek perilaku self-care pada penyandang DMT2 mempunyai dampak substansial dan signifikan terhadap kontrol glikemik yang dimiliki penyandang.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 10.7 million individuals in Indonesia and ranks among the top three non-communicable diseases leading to death. Most of mortality result from complications initiated by inadequate glycemic control, associated with multifactorial aspects such as sociodemographic characteristics and individual self-care behaviour. This study aims to explore the relationship between glycemic control levels in individuals with T2DM and their sociodemographic characteristics and self-care behavior. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study utilizing previously collected secondary data from the Non-Communicable Disease Cohort in Bogor 2021 Data were collected using a validated Self-Care Behaviour questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia, along with primary data of HbA1c levels and respondent socio-characteristics. The study population consisted of individuals with T2DM from five primary healthcare facilities in Bogor city. The samples were analyzed using Chi-Square test and risk calculation. Result: The research analysis included 237 respondents, consisting of 90 elderly (38%) and 147 adults respondents (62%). The respondents were predominantly female, with 171 respondents (72.2%) compared to 66 male respondants (27.8%). A total of 149 respondents (62.9%) exhibited good Self-Care Behaviour scores. Approximately 134 respondents (56.6%) maintained controlled HbA1c levels. Four out of seven Self-Care Behaviour components—knowledge, motivation, support, and efficacy—were associated with glycemic control (p<0.001). Efficacy identified as the most influential predictor for controlled HbA1c levels (odds ratio [OR]: 9.7, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.27–17.67). An overall good Self-Care Behaviour score is associated with a 9.1-fold increased probability of achieving controlled HbA1c levels (95% CI 4.94–16.7) compared to group with poor score. Self-Care Behaviour components of communication, attitude, and financing were not signicifantly associated. Education level and a family history of T2DM were associated with overall Self-Care Behaviour and with HbA1c control."

"Latar BelakangPrevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, dengan DKI Jakarta memiliki angka prevalensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan nasional. Insidensi DMT2 dipengaruhi oleh berbagai fator, salah satunya adalah komposisi tubuh (persentase lemak tubuh tinggi/rendah, massa otot tinggi/rendah, lemak viseral tinggi/rendah). Namun, hubungan antara komposisi tubuh dan kendali glikemik pada pasien DMT2 di DKI Jakarta belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kategori komposisi tubuh dengan kendali glikemik berdasarkan kategori HbA1c (terkontrol/tidak terkontrol) pada pasien DMT2 di Puskesmas DKI Jakarta. MetodePenelitian potong lintang ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 188 pasien DMT2 berusia 20-65 tahun di 10 Puskesmas DKI Jakarta (Agustus 2020-Juni 2021). Hubungan antara komposisi tubuh dan HbA1c dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengan p<0,05 dianggap signifikan.HasilTerdapat hubungan signifikan antara persentase lemak tubuh dan HbA1c pada laki-laki (OR= 6,00; P= 0,014). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara persentase lemak tubuh dan HbA1c pada perempuan. Tidak ditemukan antara massa otot dan lemak viseral dengan HbA1c pada kedua kelompok gender (p > 0,05).KesimpulanPersentase lemak tubuh berhubungan dengan kendali glikemik pada laki-laki, tetapi tidak pada perempuan. Massa otot dan lemak viseral tidak berhubungan dengan HbA1c pada kedua gender. Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya pendekatan yang spesifik berdasarkan gender dalam pengelolaan komposisi tubuh pada pasien DMT2.

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Introduction

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase each year, with DKI Jakarta having a prevalence rate higher than the national average. The incidence of T2DM is influenced by various factors, one of which is body composition (high/low body fat percentage, high/low muscle mass, high/low visceral fat). However, the relationship between body composition and glycemic control in T2DM patients in DKI Jakarta is not yet known. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between body composition categories and glycemic control based on HbA1c categories (controlled/uncontrolled) in T2DM patients at community health centers (Puskesmas) in DKI Jakarta.

Method

This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from 188 T2DM patients aged 20-65 years from 10 Puskesmas in DKI Jakarta (August 2020 - June 2021). The relationship between body composition and HbA1c was analyzed using the chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results

There was a significant relationship between body fat percentage and HbA1c in men (OR: 6.00; p = 0.014). No significant relationship was found between body fat percentage and HbA1c in women. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between muscle mass and visceral fat with HbA1c in both gender groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Body fat percentage is associated with glycemic control in men but not in women. Muscle mass and visceral fat are not related to HbA1c in both genders. These results indicate the need for a gender-specific approach in managing body composition in T2DM patients."

"Latar Belakang. Hanya sepertiga pasien DM tipe 2 yang mencapai target HbA1c yang diharapkan. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa health coaching terbukti mampu menurunkan kadar HbA1c secara bermakna, namun belum banyak diketahui pengaruh health coaching dalam jangka panjang setelah coaching dihentikan.Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi dan health coaching dalam perbaikan kendali glikemik jangka panjang pada pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan di pusat kesehatan nasional tersier.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional lanjutan dari 6 bulan RCT yang dilaksanakan di dua pusat kesehatan nasional tersier untuk membandingkan kombinasi edukasi dan health coaching dengan edukasi sajapada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan diabetes yang tidak terkontrol. Subjek penelitian diikuti pada bulan ke-6 dan ke-18 dari RCT awal. Keluaran primer adalah beda rerata HbA1c antar kedua kelompok, dan keluaran sekunder adalah beda proporsi subjek yang mengalami penurunan HbA1c ≥1% dari baseline dan beda proporsi subjek yang mencapai target HbA1c <7%. Analisis data menggunakan uji-T independen dan uji Chi-square.Hasil. Penelitian ini berhasil mengumpulkan 42 dari 60 subjek (70%) yang mengikuti penelitian hingga bulan ke-18. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna rerata HbA1c antara kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (8,70[±2,00] vs 9,02 [±1,71], p=0,334); dengan rerata HbA1c yang meningkat secara bermakna jika dibandingkan dengan rerata HbA1c bulan ke-6 (8,70 [±2,00] vs 7,83 [±1,80], p=0,016). Keluaran sekunder didapatkan perbedaan yang bermaknaproporsi subjek yang mengalami penurunan kadar HbA1c ≥1% antara kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (41,4% [n=12] vs 10,3% [n=3], p=0,015); serta tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna proporsi subjek yang mencapai target HbA1c <7% (13,8% [n=4] vs 6,9% [n=2], p=0,670).Kesimpulan. Health coaching tidak mampu mempertahankan perbaikan kendali glikemik pada pasien DM tipe 2 untuk jangka panjang jika coaching dihentikan, diperlukan pemberian coaching ulang agar perbaikan kendali glikemik dapat menetap.

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Background. Only one-third of type 2 DM patients achieved the expected HbA1c

target. Several studies have shown that health coaching has been shown to be able

to significantly reduce HbA1c levels, but it is not widely known the effects of

long-term health coaching after coaching is stopped.

Aim. This study was to determine the effect of education and health coaching in

improving long-term glycemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes at a

tertiary national health center.

Method. This study is a follow-up observational study of 6 months RCT

conducted in two tertiary national health centers to compare the combination of

education and health coaching with education alone in type 2 diabetes mellitus

patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Study subjects were followed at 6 and 18

months of baseline RCT. The primary outcome was the difference in the mean

HbA1c between the two groups, and the secondary outcome was the difference in

the proportion of subjects who experienced a decrease in HbA1c ≥1% from

baseline and the difference in the proportion of subjects who achieved the HbA1c

target <7%. Data analysis used independent T-test and Chi-square test.

Result. This study managed to collect 42 out of 60 subjects (70%) who attended

the study until the 18th month. There was no significant difference in the mean

HbA1c between the intervention group and the control group (8.70 [± 2.00] vs

9.02 [± 1.71], p = 0.334); with the mean HbA1c which increased significantly

when compared with the mean HbA1c at 6 months (8.70 [± 2.00] vs 7.83 [± 1.80],

p = 0.016). Secondary outcomes showed a significant difference in the proportion

of subjects who experienced a decrease in HbA1c levels ≥1% between the

intervention group and the control group (41.4% [n = 12] vs 10.3% [n = 3], p =

0.015); and there was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects who achieved the HbA1c target <7% (13.8% [n = 4] vs 6.9% [n = 2], p = 0.670).

Conclusion. Health coaching is unable to maintain improved glycemic control in type 2 DM patients for the long term when coaching is stopped, re-coaching is needed so that improved glycemic control can persist."

"Sejumlah penelitian telah mengaitkan penurunan fungsi kognitif dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan salah satu faktor resiko dari penurunan fungsi kognitif yang jarang disadari pasien. Oleh karena itu, penulis mencoba menilai pengaruh penurunan fungsi kognitif terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien DMT2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu Jakarta. Fungsi kognitif dinilai dengan kuesioner Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina) yang telah divalidasi. Penilaian kepatuhan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) versi bahasa Indonesia yang tervalidasi dan Pharmacy refill adherence yaitu dengan menghitung Proportion of Days Covered (PDC). Pasien dikatakan patuh jika skor ARMS <12 dan hasil perhitungan PDC ≥80%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan fungsi kognitif berhubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat yang buruk (p=0,005). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, pasien dengan fungsi kognitif menurun 3,7 kali menyebabkan ketidakpatuhan minum obat dibanding pasien dengan fungsi kognitif normal setelah dikontrol variabel usia, tingkat pendidikan, kadar HbA1c, dan komorbid dislipidemia.

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Several studies have linked cognitive decline with lack of adherence to medication. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the risk factors for cognitive decline that patients are rarely aware of. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of decreased cognitive function on medication adherence in T2DM patients. The study uses a cross-sectional design and was conducted at the Pasar Minggu Primary Health Center, Jakarta, Indonesia. Cognitive function was assessed using a validated Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) questionnaire. Adherence assessment was made using a validated Indonesian version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) questionnaire and the proportion of days covered (PDC). A patient was considered to be adhere if the ARMS score was <12 and the PDC calculation result was ≥80%. The results of this study showed that cognitive decline was associated with poor medication adherence (p=0.005). Based on multivariate analysis, patients with cognitive decline had 3.7 times greater nonadherence to medication than patients with normal cognitive function after controlling for variables of age, education level, HbA1c levels, and comorbid dyslipidemia."

"Latar belakang: Kelompok first degree relative (FDR) DM tipe 2 memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan metabolik dini, termasuk disfungsi jaringan adiposa yang ditandai dengan penurunan rasio adiponektin/leptin. Osteokalsin, hormon yang berperan dalam mineralisasi tulang, juga mempengaruhi sensitivitas dan sekresi insulin melalui ekspresi gen-gen yang mengatur sekresi insulin dan pertumbuhan jaringan adiposa. Hingga saat ini, belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan rasio adiponektin/leptin dan kadar osteokalsin pada populasi FDR.Tujuan: Mengetahui rerata kadar osteokalsin dan rasio adiponektin/leptin pada FDR DM tipe 2 serta mengetahui korelasi antara kadar osteokalsin dan rasio adiponektin/leptin pada FDR DM tipe 2.Metode: Desain studi potong lintang, data diambil dari penelitian payung sebelumnya pada Divisi Metabolik Endokrin dan Diabetes Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI/ RSCM. Pemeriksaan osteokalsin kemudian ditambahkan pada sampel studi sebelumnya. Analisis bivariat dan uji korelasi dilakukan terhadap variabel osteokalsin dan rasio adiponektin/leptin serta variabel perancu lain yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, IMT, lingkar pinggang, trigliserida, HDL, LDL, dan HOMA-IR.Hasil: Dari 125 subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 62 subjek FDR dan 63 subjek Non FDR, Median osteokalsin adalah sebesar 10,19 (4,4 – 26,54) ng/mL pada kelompok FDR dan 11,69 (5,72 – 23,75) ng/mL pada kelompok Non FDR. Median rasio adiponektin/leptin adalah sebesar 0,35 (0,03 – 2,83) pada kelompok FDR dan 0,41 (0,04 – 5,65) pada kelompok Non FDR. Didapatkan korelasi sangat lemah yang tidak bermakna antara kadar osteokalsin dan rasio adiponektin/leptin pada kelompok FDR (r= 0,034, p=0,796) dan Non FDR (r= -0,006, p=0,966).Kesimpulan. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan rerata dan korelasi antara kadar osteokalsin dan rasio adiponektin/leptin pada kelompok FDR dan Non FDR.

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Background: First-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a higher risk of developing early metabolic disturbances, including adipose tissue dysfunction characterized by a decreased adiponectin/leptin ratio. Osteocalcin, a hormone that plays a role in bone mineralization, also affects insulin sensitivity and secretion through the expression of genes that regulate insulin secretion and adipose tissue growth. To date, no studies have linked the adiponectin/leptin ratio and osteocalcin levels in the FDR population.

Objective: To measure the mean of osteocalcin and adiponectin/leptin ratio in FDR DM type 2. To determine the correlation between osteocalcin with adiponectin/leptin ratio in FDR DM type 2.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using secondary data from previous umbrella study conducted at the Division of Metabolic, Endocrine, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Osteocalcin measurements were subsequently added to the existing study samples. Bivariate analysis and correlation tests were performed on osteocalcin and adiponectin/leptin ratio variables, along with other confounding variables, including age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and HOMA-IR.

Result: A total of 125 subject was participated, consist of 62 subject in FDR group and 63 subject in Non FDR group. Median of osteocalcin level was 10.19 (4.4 – 26.54) ng/mL in FDR group and 11.69 (5.72 – 23.75) ng/mL in Non FDR group. Median of adiponectin/leptin ratio was 0.35 (0.03 – 2.83) in FDR group and 0.41 (0.04 – 5.65) in Non FDR group. There was very weak with no significant correlation between osteocalcin and adiponectin/leptin ratio in FDR (r= 0.034, p=0.796) and Non FDR group (r= -0.006, p=0.966).

Conclusion: No significant mean difference found between osteocalcin level and adiponectin/leptin ratio in FDR and Non FDR group. "

"Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik yang bersifat kronis yang tidak dapat sembuhkan namun dapat dikendalikan untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi. Pengendalian diabetes melitus tipe 2 dilakukan dengan melaksanakan upaya yang dapat mengontrol kadar glukosa darah. Keadaan pandemi Covid-19 telah memengaruhi banyak aspek kehidupan, termasuk kesehatan khususnya kemampuan pasien beradaptasi melakukan manajemen kesehatannya di masa pandemi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran manajemen kontrol glikemik pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Kota Depok pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis univariat, yang melibatkan 50 responden penyandang diabetes melitus di Kota Depok. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Diabetes Self-Managemen Questionnaire Revised (DSMQ-R) yang telah dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata manajemen kontrol glikemik pasien DM tipe 2 di kota Depok pada masa pandemi Covid-19 adalah 47,56. Sebanyak 56% pasien DM tipe 2 memiliki manajemen kontrol glikemik yang buruk dan terdapat 44% sisanya yang memiliki manajemen kontrol glikemik yang baik. Indikator manajemen kontrol glikemik yang tergolong baik adalah terapi farmakologi, aktivitas fisik, dan terapi nutrisi/diet. Sedangkan manajemen kontrol glikemik yang tergolong buruk adalah aktivitas pemeriksaan glukosa darah mandiri (PGM) dan kontrol rutin. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen kontrol glikemik pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada masa pandemi Covid-19 tergolong buruk. Perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan yang dapat membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi manajemen control glikemik pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada masa pandemi.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that cannot be eliminated but can be controlled in order to prevent it’s complications. The controlling of T2DM is carried out by controlling blood glucose levels. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of life, including health, especially adaptation ability of T2DM patients to manage their health. The purpose of this study is to determine the glycemic control management of T2DM patients in Depok during the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research is a quantitative descriptive study with univariate analysis involving 50 respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Depok. The instrument used was the modified Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Revised (DSMQ-R). The result showed that the average score of glycemic control management of type 2 DM patients in Depok during the Covid-19 pandemic was 47.56. There were 56% of type 2 DM patients had poor glycemic control management while the remaining 44% had good glycemic control management. Indicators of glycemic control management that was classified as good were pharmacological therapy, physical activity, and nutritional/dietary therapy. Meanwhile, the management of glycemic control that was classified as poor were the activity of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and routine control. This study showed that the management of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Depok during the Covid-19 pandemic was poor. Further research should be conducted to investigate influencing factors of the management of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"