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"Pola asuh adalah suatu kegiatan di mana setiap masyarakat memiliki pandangan dan perspektif masing-masing tentang bagaimana orang tua memperlakukan anaknya dan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana seorang anak, khususnya perempuan dewasa, melihat orang tuanya dan pola asuhnya sebagai sesuatu yang dianggap toxic. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagian besar berdasarkan otoetnografi dan observasi, di mana peneliti sendiri merupakan informan utama. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan dan pengendalian secara terus-menerus dari orang tua adalah alasan utama mengapa seorang anak menganggap orang tuanya toxic. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa banyak norma budaya dan kepercayaan yang membentuk bagaimana masyarakat merespon ketika terjadi konflik orang tua dan anak yang juga memberikan tekanan bagaimana seorang anak harus bertindak dalam menghadapi toxic parenting.

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Parenting is an activity in which every community has their own views and perspectives about how parents treat their children and vice versa. This research focuses on how a child, specifically an adult woman, sees her parents and their parenting ways as something that is considered toxic. The data that was used in this research is mainly based on autoethnography and observation, where the researcher herself is the main informant. This research showed that the constant pressure and control from parents are the main reason why a child thinks that her parents are toxic. This research also showed that there are many cultural norms and beliefs that shape how society responds when there’s a parent and child conflict, which also gives pressure on how a child should act in dealing with toxic parenting."

"COVID-19 merupakan fenomena yang menjadi tantangan bagi ibu bekerja karena harus mengalami berbagai perubahan di berbagai aspek seperti pekerjaan dan merawat anak. Perubahan tersebut mengharuskan ibu dan anak terus beradaptasi sehingga rentan menimbulkan stres pengasuhan. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan mindful parenting mampu mengurangi stres pengasuhan pada orang tua. Maka, penelitian ini ingin melihat kontribusi mindful parenting terhadap stres pengasuhan pada partisipan khusus yaitu ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak kelas 1 sampai 3 Sekolah Dasar (SD). Partisipan (n=343, Musia = 35.88) diuji menggunakan Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P) dan Parental Stress Scale (PSS). Uji analisis regresi linear menunjukkan 24.5% proporsi varians stres pengasuhan dapat dijelaskan oleh mindful parenting. Korelasi negatif menunjukkan peningkatan mindful parenting membuat stres pengasuhan menurun pada ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak kelas 1 sampai 3 SD. Dengan demikian, harapannya penelitian ini mampu memberikan sumbangsih jangka panjang di bidang penelitian dan menumbuhkan kesadaran pentingan menerapkan praktik pengasuhan yang positif.

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COVID-19 is a phenomenon that becomes obstacle for working mothers because they undergo several changes in couple aspects such as work and rearing children. Those changes require mother and children to continuously adapt until they get parenting stress. Some studies proved that mindful parenting could reduce parenting stress toward parents. Therefore, this research is intended to see the contribution of mindful parenting to parenting stress in working mothers who have 1 to 3 primary grade children. The participants (n=343, Mage = 35.88) are tested by using the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale and Parental Stress Scale. Simple linear regression show that 24.5% variance proportion of parenting stress can be described by mindful parenting. Negative correlation implies that increasing of mindful parenting make parenting stress decrease in working mothers who have 1 to 3 primary grade children. Therefore, we hope this research can provide long-term contribution in research field and to burgeon awareness of the important applying positive parenting practice."

"[ABSTRAKbrTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dengan hardiness sebagai respon dari fenomena meningkatknya jumlah ibu tunggal bekerja dan memiliki kanak-kanak madya di Indonesia, agar bisa membantu menghadapi tekanan perannya dengan baik. Parenting self-efficacy adalah persepsi kemampuan dalam pengasuhan yang dimilikinya untuk secara positif mempengaruhi perilaku dan perkembangan anak (Coleman dan Karraker, 2000), sedangkan hardiness adalah variabel kepribadian yang memberikan kemampuan bagi individu untuk bertahan dalam kondisi yang kurang menguntungkan di dalam hidupnya (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 78 ibu tunggal bekerja yang memiliki kanak-kanak madya dengan metode kuesioner. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara positif antara parenting self-efficacy dengan hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) yang diukur oleh 36 item Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) dan 15 item Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R).;The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness in respond to the phenomenon of the increasing number of single mother in Indonesia, in order to help them face the pressure of their role. Parenting self-efficacy refers to parents' perceptions of their ability to posi-tively influence the behavior and development of their children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while hardiness is a personality variable that functions as a resource to resist the negative consequences of adverse conditions (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). This correlational research has been done with 78 sample of working single mothers of middle childhood with a quetionaire method. The result shows that there‟s a positive and significant correlation between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) that is measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), and 15 items of Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R).;The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness in respond to the phenomenon of the increasing number of single mother in Indonesia, in order to help them face the pressure of their role. Parenting self-efficacy refers to parents' perceptions of their ability to posi-tively influence the behavior and development of their children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while hardiness is a personality variable that functions as a resource to resist the negative consequences of adverse conditions (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). This correlational research has been done with 78 sample of working single mothers of middle childhood with a quetionaire method. The result shows that there‟s a positive and significant correlation between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) that is measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), and 15 items of Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R)., The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness in respond to the phenomenon of the increasing number of single mother in Indonesia, in order to help them face the pressure of their role. Parenting self-efficacy refers to parents' perceptions of their ability to posi-tively influence the behavior and development of their children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while hardiness is a personality variable that functions as a resource to resist the negative consequences of adverse conditions (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). This correlational research has been done with 78 sample of working single mothers of middle childhood with a quetionaire method. The result shows that there‟s a positive and significant correlation between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) that is measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), and 15 items of Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R).]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap polapengasuhan orang tua middle childhood dari keluarga miskin. Sebanyak 78orang menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian ini dengan mengisi kuesioner untukmengukur variabel dukungan sosial dan pola pengasuhan. Variabel dukungansosial diukur menggunakan alat ukur Multidimensional Scale of PerceivedSocial Support oleh Zimet, dkk., (1988), sedangkan variabel pola pengasuhandiukur menggunakan alat ukur Parenting Style Development QuestionnaireShort Version oleh Robinson, dkk., (1995). Pada penelitian ini, sebanyak 74partisipan menerapkan pola pengasuhan authoritative, dua menerapkan polapengasuhan authoritarian, dan dua sisanya menerapkan pola pengasuhanpermissive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial tidakmempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap pola pengasuhan authoritative danpermissive, Sebaliknya, dukungan sosial mempengaruhi pola pengasuhanauthoritarian secara signifikan.

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ABSTRAKThis study aims to determine the effect of social support on parenting style ofmiddle childhood parents from poor families. A total of 78 parents wereinvolved in the study by completing questionnaires to measure social supportand parenting style. Social support was measured by using MultidimensionalScale of Perceived Social Support from Zimet, et al. (1988), whereas parentingstyles were measured by using Parenting Style Development QuestionnaireShort Version from Robinson, et al. (1995). In this study, 74 participants werefound to apply authoritative parenting style, two apply authoritarian parentingstyle, and two others apply permissive parenting style. The result of this studyindicates that social support has no significant effect on both authoritative andpermissive parenting style. In contrast, social support effects authoritarianparenting style significantly."

"Kontrol orang tua sebagai salah satu aspek pengasuhan telah diketahui memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan hot executive function EF anak. Namun, penelitian yang dilakukan selama ini hanya menggali keterkaitan hot EF anak dengan kontrol verbal saja, dan hanya menyorot kontrol ayah saja atau kontrol ibu saja. Inkonsistensi juga masih ditemukan dari hasil penelitian mengenai strategi kontrol orang tua terhadap hot EF anak. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara strategi kontrol orang tua dengan kemampuan hot EF anak usia 48 bulan ndash; 72 bulan. Sebanyak 61 pasangan ibu anak dan 43 ayah terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran hot EF anak dilakukan dengan Gift Delay Task, adapun pengukuran strategi kontrol orang tua dilakukan dengan aktivitas memainkan 3 mainan selama 15 menit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontrol verbal command, indirect command, prohibition maupun kontrol perilaku physical discipline modelling dari ibu berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan hot EF anak, bahkan setelah dilakukan pengontrolan terhadap jenis kelamin anak, usia anak, dan tingkat SSE keluarga. Sementara itu, kontrol dari ayah sama sekali tidak berkorelasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan edukasi kepada orang tua mengenai pilihan kata dan perilaku yang tepat ketika berinteraksi dengan anak, dalam rangka mengoptimalkan perkembangan hot EF nya.

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Parental control as one of parenting aspects has been known having significant effect towards development of hot executive function EF in preschoolers. Nevertheless, numerous studies conducted lately only explored relation between hot EF and verbal control, and highlighted paternal or maternal control strategies only. Few inconsistency about the studies is also found still.

The aim of this research is to identify the association between parental control strategies and hot EF of children aged 48 months ndash 72 months. There are 61 dyadic mother child and 43 fathers participate in this research. Measurement of hot EF is using Gift Delay Task, and measurement of parental control strategies is using playing activity of 3 kinds of toys for 15 minutes.

Result found that maternal verbal control command, indirect command, prohibition and maternal behavioral control physical discipline and modelling are significantly correlate with children rsquo hot EF above and beyond the influences of children gender, children age, and family SES. Meanwhile, there is no correlation at all with paternal control. This result could be an educational materials for parents, to be selective in using appropriate words and behavior during interact with children, in order to optimize the development of their hot EF."

"Penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara interaksi ibu anak dan pola attachment pada ibu anak usia toddler di keluarga miskin. Alat ukur Parenting Interaction swith Children Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes PICCOLO Roggman et al 2013 dan Toddler Attachment Sort 45 TAS 45 Bimler et al 2004 diadministrasikan pada 71 pasangan ibu anak melalui metode observasialamiah. Analisis menggunakan chi square menunjukkan bahwa terdapathubungan yang signifikan antara interaksi ibu anak dan pola attachment. Kemudian analisis lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa domain affection dan domainresponsiveness pada interaksi ibu anak memiliki hubungan yang signifikandengan pola attachment. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian intervensi yang berfokuspada kualitas interaksi ibu anak penting dan bermanfaat bagi ibu anak usiatoddler di keluarga miskin Kata Kunci interaksi ibu anak attachment toddler keluarga miskin.

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This study examined the relationship between mother child interaction andattachment style in Indonesian mother toddler dyads who lived in a poor family. The Parenting Interactions with Children Checklist of ObservationsLinked to Outcomes PICCOLO Roggman et al 2013 and the ToddlerAttachment Sort 45 TAS 45 Bimler et al 2004 were administered to 71mother toddler dyads through natural observation. Chi square analyses revealed that there`s a significant correlation between mother child interactionand attachment style. Further analyses shown that affection and responsivenessalso has a significant correlation with attachment style. Results suggest thatinterventions focused on mother child interaction quality provide importantbenefits to mother toddler lived in a poor family."