Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar belakang : Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) saat ini menjadi penyebab kematian nomor tiga didunia. Penyebab kematian paling sering pada pasien PPOK berkaitan dengan kelainan sistem kardiovaskular. Hipertensi merupakan komorbid yang paling sering ditemukan pada pasien PPOK. Pada pasien PPOK terjadi inflamasi sistemik yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kekakuan pembuluh darah dan terjadi hipertensi. Pasien PPOK dengan komorbid penyakit kardiovaskular/hipertensi memiliki angka morbiditas, mortalitas, kualitas hidup yang buruk, intoleransi latihan dan risiko rawat inap yang lebih tinggi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di RSUP Persahabatan periode Maret 2023. Subjek penelitian didapatkan dari pasien PPOK stabil yang datang ke poliklinik asma dan PPOK RSUP Persahabatan. Setelah memenuhi kriteria, dilakukan pengumpulan data klinis, pemeriksaan tanda vital, pemeriksaan spirometri dan DLCO. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 84 subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan proporsi hipertensi pada pasien PPOK stabil sebesar 60,7%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai faal paru pasien PPOK (derajat GOLD), derajat beratnya PPOK klinis (grup A, B, C dan D), merokok (indeks brinkman) dan usia pasien PPOK dengan hipertensi. Sedangkan lama menderita PPOK dan nilai DLCO tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan : Proporsi hipertensi pada pasien PPOK stabil di RSUP Persahabatan sebesar 60,7%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai faal paru pasien PPOK (derajat GOLD), derajat beratnya PPOK klinis (grup A, B, C dan D), merokok (indeks brinkman) dan usia pasien PPOK dengan hipertensi.

---

Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) currently is the third leading cause of death in the world. The most frequent cause of death in COPD patients is cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a comorbid that is often found in COPD patients. In COPD patients, systemic inflammation occurs which can lead to increased vascular stiffness and hypertension. COPD patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease/hypertension have higher rates of morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, exercise intolerance and risk of hospitalization. Methods : This research is a cross-sectional study conducted at National Respiratory Center Persahabatan Hospital in March 2023. The study subject were stable COPD patient and admitted to asthma and COPD clinic of Persahabatan Hospital. Clinical data, vital signs, spirometry and DLCO tests were collected. Results : There were 84 subjects participating in this study. The results of this study found that the proportion of hypertension in stable COPD patients in RSUP Persahabatan was 60.7%. There was a significant relationship between the lung function of COPD patients (GOLD degree), severity of clinical COPD (groups A, B, C and D), smoking (brinkman index), and age with hypertension. While there was no relationship between how long COPD diagnose, and DLCO. Conclusion : This study found that the proportion of hypertension in stable COPD patients is 60.7%. There was a significant relationship between the lung function of COPD patients (GOLD degree), severity of clinical COPD (groups A, B, C and D), smoking (brinkman index), and age with hypertension."

"Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis dan HIV merupakan beban utama penyakit menular di negara-negara dengan keterbatasan sumber daya. Di sisi lain, hipertensi pulmoner yang merupakan komplikasi akibat TB-HIV sering terabaikan meskipun angka kematiannya tinggi karena gejala tidak khas. Hipertensi pulmoner pada pasien TB dan bekas TB dengan HIV berhubungan dengan kerusakan parenkim paru dan inflamasi sistemik kronik yang mengakibatkan remodeling vaskular pulmoner. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proporsi probabilitas hipertensi pulmoner pada pasien TB dan bekas TB dengan HIV secara ekokardiografik.Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional pada pasien TB dan bekas TB dengan HIV yang berobat di RSUP Persahabatan. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dilakukan di poliklinik Jantung RSUP Persahabatan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dari Mei hingga Agustus 2023.Hasil: Terdapat 54 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini, 9 subjek dieksklusi sehingga tersisa 45 subjek. Jenis kelamin subjek mayoritas laki-laki sebanyak 86,7%, usia terbanyak adalah 18-45 tahun sebanyak 77,8%, status TB terbanyak adalah TB klinis sebanyak 42,2% dan lama menderita HIV terbanyak adalah kurang dari atau sama dengan 1 tahun sebanyak 51,1%. Proporsi probabilitas hipertensi pulmoner secara ekokardiografik didapatkan probabilitas rendah sebesar 91,1% dan probabilitas sedang- tinggi sebesar 8,9%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara demografik dan karakteristik klinis subjek dengan probabilitas hipertensi pulmoner.Kesimpulan: Proporsi probabilitas hipertensi pulmoner secara ekokardiografik pada pasien TB dan bekas TB dengan HIV sebesar 91,1% untuk probabilitas rendah dan 8,9% untuk probabilitas sedang-tinggi.

---

Background: Tuberculosis and HIV represent the main burden of infectious diseases in resource-limited countries. On the other hand, pulmonary hypertension, which is a complication of TB-HIV, is often overlooked even though the death rate is high because the symptoms are not typical. Pulmonary hypertension in TB and former TB patients with HIV is associated with lung parenchymal damage and chronic systemic inflammation which results in pulmonary vascular remodeling. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension in TB and former TB patients with HIV.

Method: The method used in this study was cross sectional on TB and former TB patients with HIV who were treated at Persahabatan Central General Hospital. Echocardiography examination was carried out at the Cardiology polyclinic of Persahabatan Central General Hospital. Sampling was carried out by consecutive sampling from May to August 2023.

Results: There were 54 subjects who met the inclusion criteria in this study, 9 subjects were excluded, leaving 45 subjects. The majority of subjects‘ gender was male at 86.7%, the majority age was 18-45 years at 77.8%, the highest TB status was clinically TB at 42.2% and the majority had suffered from HIV for less than or equal to 1 year at 51.1%. The proportion of echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension showed a low probability of 91.1% and a medium-high probability of 8.9%. There was no significant relationship between the demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects and the probability of pulmonary hypertension.

Conclucion: The proportion of echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension in TB and former TB patients with HIV was 91.1% for low probability and 8.9% for medium-high probability."

"Data mengenai luluh paru LP sangat terbatas mencakup karakteristik demografi, status hipertensi pulmoner HP , fungsi paru, kapasitas latihan, akivitas fisis dan kejadian rawat inap berulang. Penelitian ini memiliki desain potong lintang dengan 54 subjek. Echokardiografi dilakukan untuk menyingkirkan terdapatnya kelainan jantung dan menentukan status HP. Subjek kemudian akan menjalani serangkaian prosedur antara lain wawancara, pemeriksaan fisis, uji jalan 6 menit 6MWT , uji fungsi paru dan pemeriksaan darah. Hipertensi pulmoner ditemukan pada 63 subjek dengan mPAP 29,13 13,07 sedangkan 55,9 diantaranya mengalami PH yang berat. Rawat inap berulang terjadi pada 44,4 , sesak napas mMRC >1 , aktivitas fisis, rawat inap berulang, luas lesi, CRP dan tekanan oksigen arteri memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap status HP. Kadar CRP dan 6MWT merupakan variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian rawat inap berulang pada LP-HP yang dianalisis dengan analisis multivariat. Echokardiografi sebaiknya dilakukan pada pasien LP. Pasien LP-HP mengalami sesak yang lebih berat, rawat inap berulang, lesi yang lebih luas, kadar CRP lebih tinggi, aktivitas fisis, uji fungsi paru, PaO2 dan indeks massa tubuh yang lebih rendah. Hasil spirometri dan kadar CRPmerupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian rawat inap berulang pada pasien LP-HP melalui analisis multivariat.

---

We investigated and provided datas about demographyc and clinical characteristics. We also found out the influencing factors of re hospitalization in destroyed lung with pulmonary hypertension patients. This is a cross sectional study involving 54 DL subjects. Echocardiography was performed to rule out cardiac abnormality and to establish their PH status. Subjects performed several procedures such as interview, physical examination, 6 minutes walking test 6MWT , lung function test, and blood tests to obtain all the neede data. Pulmonary hypertension was found in 63 of subjects with mPAP was 29,13 13,07 while 55,9 of DL PH subjects had severe PH. Re hospitalization occured in 44,44 subjects. We analyzed using chi square for categorical data and student t test and found a significant association of PH status in DL subjects with breathlessness by mMRC scale 1, physical activity, re hospitalization, body mass index, FVC, FEV1, FEV1 FVC, spirometry result, extend of lesion, CRP and arterial oxygen pressure. Level of CRP, VEP1 dan 6MWT had the strongest association for DL having PH and rehospitalization by multivariate analysis. Echocardiography should be performed among DL patients. Patients DL who got PH have more breathlessness, re hospitalization and extend of lesion, higher CRP level, lower physical activity, worse lung function test, lower PaO2 and lower BMI. Spirometri result, and CRP level had the strongest association for DL having PH and rehospitalization by multivariate analysis."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) adalah penyakit paru yang ditandai dengan keterbatasan aliran udara yang persisten, bersifat progresif dan berhubungan dengan respons inflamasi kronik. Proses inflamasi yang terjadi akan mengeluarkan nitrit oksida (NO) sehingga pengukuran fraksi nitrit oksida ekspirasi saat ini dapat digunakan sebagai penanda hayati inflamasi yang dapat digunakan klinisi untuk memonitor derajat keparahan suatu penyakit dan efikasi dari pengobatan anti inflamasi.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di RS Rujukan Respirasi Nasional Persahabatan pada bulan Februari - April 2019 untuk melihat kadar NO ekspirasi pada pasien PPOK stabil. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dan dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan uji faal paru, pemeriksaan FeNO dan pemeriksaan laboratorium.Hasil : Sebanyak 53 subjek ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dengan subjek terbanyak laki - laki (86,79%) dengan rerata usia subjek adalah 63,45 + 8,53. Pada penelitian ini juga dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar yaitu PPOK non eosinofilik (58,5%) dan PPOK eosinofilik (41,5%). Rerata nilai kadar NO ekspirasi pada kelompok PPOK stabil sebesar 18 ppb. Rerata nilai kadar NO ekspirasi pada kelompok PPOK non eosinofilik adalah 17 ppb dan pada kelompok PPOK eosinofilik adalah 22,5 ppb. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai kadar NO ekspirasi pada kedua kelompok namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara nilai kadar NO ekspirasi dengan hitung eosinofil maupun riwayat merokok pada kelompok PPOK non eosinofilik maupun PPOK eosinofilik.Kesimpulan : Rerata nilai kadar NO ekspirasi pada kelompok PPOK stabil adalah 18 ppb.

---

ABSTRACTBackground : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that characterized by persistent airflow limitation, progressive and correlated with chronic inflammatory response. Inflammation process that occur will release nitric oxide (NO) then it makes fraction exhaled nitric oxide as an inflammation biomarker that clinician could use to monitor the degree of severity disease and efficacy of anti inflammation therapy.Methods : This is cross sectional study that was conducted from February - April 2019 at National Referral Respiratory Center Persahabatan Hospital to know the value of exhaled nitric oxide in stable COPD patient. Subjects were taken to participate in this study in a consecutive sampling basis and all patients were interviewed, physical examination, lung function test, FeNO test and laboratory test.Results : Total 53 subjects were participated in this study with dominant male subjects (86,79%) and the mean age value is 63,45 + 8,53. This study is divided into two main groups which are COPD non eosinophilic (58,5%) and COPD eosinophilic (41,5%). The mean value of exhaled nitric oxide in COPD stable is 18 ppb. The mean value of exhaled nitri oxide in COPD non eosinophilic is 17 ppb and for group COPD eosinophilic is 22,5 ppb. There is a significant difference between exhaled nitric oxide in those two groups but there is no relation between exhaled nitric oxide with eosinophil count or smoking history in COPD non eosinophilic group and COPD eosinophilic.Conclusion : Mean value of exhaled nitric oxide in stable COPD patient is 18 ppb."

"Pendahuluan: Hipertensi pulmoner merupakan penyakit yang bersifat progresif dengan angka kematian yang tinggi. Penyebab hipertensi pulmoner tergolong dalam lima kelompok salah satunya adalah penyakit paru (kelompok 3). Tuberkulosis resistan obat (TB-RO) merupakan penyakit kronik paru dengan manifestasi kerusakan parenkim dan pembuluh darah paru. Peningkatan tekanan pembuluh darah pulmoner dicurigai menjadi penyebab komplikasi pada pasien TB-RO.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui proporsi hipertensi pulmoner dengan metode probabilitas echocardiography pada pasien tuberkulosis resistan obat.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada pasien tuberkulosis resistan obat yang berobat di poliklinik TB MDR RSUP Persahabatan kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan echocardiography di poliklinik Jantung RSUP Persahabatan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dalam kurun waktu Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2020.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebesar 65 pasien TB-RO. Jenis kelamin subjek dominan laki-laki sebanyak 50,7%, usia terbanyak adalah kelompok 18-40 tahun sebanyak 80% dan regimen pengobatan terbanyak adalah pada kelompok MDR sebanyak 93,8%. Pemeriksaan echocardiography digunakan untuk menilai probabilitas hipertensi pulmoner dengan proporsi hipertensi pulmoner pada kelompok probabilitas rendah sebesar 95,3% dan probabilitas sedang sebesar 4,7%. Hasil pemeriksaan fisis distensi vena jugular, gambaran foto toraks berupa rasio lebar hilus dibandingkan lebar dinding dada dan gelombang P pulmonal pada EKG memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan probabilitas hipertensi pulmoner dengan nilai p<0,05.Kesimpulan: Nilai proporsi hipertensi pulmoner dengan metode probabilitas pada pasien TB- RO sebesar 95,3% pada kelompok probabilitas rendah dan 4,7% pada kelompok probabilitas sedang. Metode penapisan yang dapat digunakan pada pemeriksaan fisis dan penunjang antara lain distensi vena jugular, rasio lebar hilus dengan lebar dinding dada pada foto toraks dan gelombang P pulmonal pada EKG.

---

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease with a high mortality rate. The causes of pulmonary hypertension are classified into five groups, one of which is lung disease (group 3). Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a chronic lung disease manifested by damage to the lung parenchyma and pulmonary blood vessels. Increased pulmonary vascular pressure is suspected to be the cause of complications in DR-TB patients.

Aims: to determine the porportion of probability of pulmonary hypertension using echocardiography probability in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients who were treated at the MDR TB polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital and then carried out an echocardiography examination at the Cardiology Polyclinic at the Persahabatan Hospital. Sampling method was using consecutive sampling from August to October 2020.

Results: In this study, 65 DR-TB patients met the inclusion criteria. Male subject was dominant at 50.7%, the age group was 18-40 years in total 80% and the most treatment regimen was in the MDR group as much as 93.8%. Echocardiography examination was used to assess the probability of pulmonary hypertension with the proportion of the low probability group was 95.3% and the moderate probability group was 4.7%. The physical examination of jugular vein distention, chest X-ray imaging to measure the ratio of hilar to chest wall width and pulmonary P wave on the ECG have a significant correlation with the probability of pulmonary hypertension with p value<0.05.

Conclusions: The proportion value of pulmonary hypertension using probability method in TB- RO patients are 95.3% in the low probability group and 4.7% in the moderate probability group. The screening method that can be used are physical examination, radiology and laboratory findings, including jugular vein distention, the ratio of hilar to chest wall width in the chest X- ray and pulmonary p wave on the ECG."

"Geriatri adalah pasien lanjut usia dengan multi penyakit dan/atau gangguan akibat penurunan fungsi organ, psikologi, sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan yang membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan secara terpadu. Pemantauan terapi obat merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk memastikan terapi obat yang aman, efektif dan rasional bagi pasien. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya Pemantauan Terapi Obat (PTO) adalah untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari terapi obat dan meminimalisir resiko adanya Reaksi Obat Yang Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD). Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) merupakan salah satu kondisi yang mempengaruhi struktur dan fungsi ginjal yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal secara cepat/mendadak dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) yang umumnya berlangsung reversible, diikuti kegagalan ginjal untuk mengekskresi sisa metabolisme dengan/atau tanpa gangguan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Terapi hipertensi pada pasien CKD dengan eksresi albumin urine > 30 mg/24 jam direkomendasikan menggunakan obat-obatan antihipertensi golongan Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) atau menggunakan golongan Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB). Acute Lung Udema (ALO) merupakan penumpukan cairan secara berlebihan diruang interstisial dan alveolus paru secara mendadak yang terjadi karena adanya tekanan hidrostatik kapiler meningkat dan penurunan tekanan koloid osmotik serta terjadinya kerusakan dinding kapiler sehingga menyebabkan kebocoran di kapiler ke ruang interstisial dan menjadi edema alveolar. Pengobatan yang diterima sudah sesuai indikasi namun terdapat beberapa permasalahan seperti beberapa interaksi obat yang dapat menimbulkan efek samping, dosis yang tidak sesuai serta pemberian beberapa obat yang tidak sesuai interval dan regimen pemberian.

---

Geriatrics are elderly patients with multiple diseases and/or disorders due to decreased organ, psychological, social, economic and environmental function who require integrated health services. Monitoring drug therapy is an activity carried out to ensure safe, effective and rational drug therapy for patients. The aim of implementing Drug Therapy Monitoring (PTO) is to increase the effectiveness of drug therapy and minimize the risk of Undesirable Drug Reactions (ROTD). Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a condition that affects the structure and function of the kidneys which is characterized by a rapid/sudden decline in kidney function and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) which is generally reversible, followed by failure of the kidneys to excrete metabolic waste with/or without interference. fluid and electrolyte balance. Hypertension therapy in CKD patients with urinary albumin excretion > 30 mg/24 hours is recommended using antihypertensive drugs in the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) group or using Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB). Acute Lung Oedema (ALO) is a sudden accumulation of excessive fluid in the interstitial space and alveoli of the lungs which occurs due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and decreased colloid osmotic pressure as well as damage to the capillary walls, causing leakage in the capillaries into the interstitial space and becoming alveolar edema. The treatment received was according to the indications, but there were several problems such as several drug interactions that could cause side effects, inappropriate doses and the administration of several drugs that did not match the interval and administration regimen."

"[ABSTRAKPrevalensi dan mortalitas gagal ginjal kronis pada masyarakat urban di indonesia mengalamipeningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asuhankeperawatan dengan pendekatan Keperawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan pada areaKeperawatan Medikal Bedah pada klien dengan gagal ginjal kronis dengan komplikasi hipertensi.Perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan melakukan tindakan preventif baik primer,sekunder, ataupun tersier. Masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan meliputi kelebihan volumecairan, penurunan curah jantung, nyeri akut, dan risiko perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhantubuh. Manajemen keperawatan terkait hipertensi yang dilakukan meliputi modifikasi gaya hidupmelalui diet, teknik relaksasi, dan aktivitas. Setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan pada pasiengagal ginjal kronis, terdapat penurunan nilai tekanan darah pasien meskipun belum mencapaitarget yang dianjurkan. Perawat dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatankeperawatan kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan untuk dapat memperkirakan perilaku berisiko terkaitkomplikasi yang dapat terjadi, seperti hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskular lainnya, serta tingkatkepatuhan terhadap terapi yang diberikan. Asuhan keperawatan tersebut dilakukan gunamendukung upaya pencegahan komplikasi dan peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien dengan gagalginjal kronis.

---

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure.;The prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure., The prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure.]"

"Skripsi ini membahas perbedaan proporsi berbagai faktor risiko hipertensi pada guru sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga April 2013. Sampel adalah guru sekolah dasar berusia ≥20 tahun yang bekerja di sekolah dasar yang tersebar di Kecamatan Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 30.2%. Variabel yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan diantaranya Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) (OR 4.778 dengan p value 0.001), Riwayat Hipertensi Orang Tua (OR 4.667 dengan p value 0.000), dan Umur (OR 8.017 dengan p value 0.000). Kecukupan lemak merupakan variabel dominan kejadian hipertensi pada guru SD di Kecamatan Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan tahun 2013.

---

This thesis aims to explain the differences of proportion of hypertension risk factors. The research method is cross sectional study during March 2013 - April 2013 with elementary school’s teachers in Cilandak, South Jakarta who are 20 years old or older as the specified sample. The result of this research shows that there are several variables with significant differences. The result of this study shows the prevalence of hypertension by 30.2%. Those variables was a significant correlation are Body Mass Indeks (IMT) (OR 4.778 and value 0.001), parent's history of hypertension, (OR 4.667 and p value 0.000), and age (OR 8.017 and p value 0.000). Fat consumption is the dominant variable that trigger the occurrence of hypertension at elementary school’s teachers in Cilandak, South Jakarta in 2013."

"Stroke menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian utama di dunia sebesar 17,9 juta kematian dan prevalensi stroke secara global mencapai 101 juta kasus. Stroke hemoragik sendiri menyumbang angka 13% dari stroke keseluruhan dan di Indonesia tahun 2001 mencapai 18,5% dan perdarahan subarachnoid sebesar 1,4%. Namun, pasien stroke hemoragik memiliki kondisi lebih parah dengan risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi hingga 4 kali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi dengan stroke hemoragik pada pasien rawat inap di RS Pusat Otak Nasional tahun 2022 setelah dikontrol variabel confounding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan sampel yang diperoleh sebesar 1010 sampel. Variabel confounding yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah obesitas, kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi alkohol, status pernikahan, jenjang pendidikan, pekerjaan, usia, dan jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jika terdapat hubungan signifikan antara hipertensi dengan stroke hemoragik (p=0,044) hingga 2,37 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien stroke yang tidak hipertensi setelah dikontrol variabel confounding. Pentingnya peningkatan kesadaran dengan melibatkan anak muda mengenai hipertensi dan stroke hemoragik perlu dilakukan. Selain itu, masyarakat diharapkan tetap menerapkan pola hidup sehat dan cek kesehatan berkala di Posbindu setempat terutama masyarakat yang memiliki hipertensi.

---

Stroke is one of the main causes of death in the world with 17.9 million deaths and the prevalence of stroke globally reaches 101 million cases. Hemorrhagic stroke itself accounts for 13% of all strokes and in Indonesia in 2001 it reached 18.5% and subarachnoid hemorrhage was 1.4%. However, hemorrhagic stroke patients have a more severe condition with a higher risk of death up to 4 times. This study aims to determine the relationship between hypertension and hemorrhagic stroke in inpatients at the National Brain Center Hospital in 2022 after controlling for confounding variables. The research method used was cross sectional with a sample of 1010 samples. The confounding variables used in this study were obesity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, marital status, level of education, occupation, age and gender. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between hypertension and hemorrhagic stroke (p=0.044) up to 2.37 times higher than stroke patients who are not hypertensive after controlling for confounding variables. The importance of raising awareness by involving young people regarding hypertension and hemorrhagic stroke needs to be done. In addition, the community is expected to continue to adopt a healthy lifestyle and periodic health checks at the local Posbindu, especially people who have hypertension."

"Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO) hipertensi merupakan penyebab dari 75 juta kematian yang merupakan 12,8% dari seluruh kematian di dunia. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang multifaktorial, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang salah satunya adalah kadar kolesterol atau lebih spesifiknya kadar low density lipid (LDL). Penurunan dari kadar LDL telah menjadi salah satu tatalaksana yang penting pada hipertensi. Maka dari itu peneliti melakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui signifikansi dari kadar LDL terhadap kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis poliklinik Ginjal dan Hipertensi IPD RSCM. Setelah data terkumpul dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji hipotesis chi square. Pada penelitian ini sampel penelitian sebanyak 117 orang, 55 orang laki-laki dan 53 orang perempuan. Kelompok usia dengan prevalensi hipertensi terbanyak adalah usia 60-79 tahun. Pada penelitian ditemukan perbedaan proporsi antara pasien dengan kadar LDL yang tinggi pada hipertensi tidak terkendali sebesar 43,8% dan hipertensi terkendali sebesar 20,3%. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis didapatkan hasil variabel kadar LDL dengan nilai p=0,006, rasio prevalensi 2,156 dan interval kepercayaan (CI) 95% 1,223-3,802. Dari hasil ini disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kadar LDL yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kendali tekanan darah dan kadar LDL merupakan faktor risiko dari kendali tekanan darah.

---

Based on the data from World Health Organization (WHO) hypertension is the cause of more than 75 million deaths or 12,8% of overall death in the world. Hypertension is a multifactorial disease causes by many risk factors, and one of them is low-density lipid (LDL) level. One of the focuses of hypertension management nowadays is to reduce the lowdensity lipid (LDL) level. This what makes researcher to do this research, to know the significance of low-density level to hypertension. This research was done with cross sectional method using secondary data from medical record in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. After the researchers collected all the data, we analyze the hypothesis using chi square test.

In this research, there were 117 samples, which 55 of them are male and 53 of them are female. The highest prevalence of hypertension was found in patients aged 60-79 years old. We also found proportion differences in patients with high low-density lipid level, in uncontrolled hypertension the percentage is 43,8% and in controlled hypertension the percentage is 20,3%.

The result of this test is that the low-density level is statistically connected with blood pressure control, since the p is 0,593, and is a risk factor of hypertension since the prevalence ratio is 2,156 and the confidence interval is 1,223-3,802."