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"With respect to its multiple uses, such as in cosmetics, foods, aromatherapy and the pharmaceutical industry, ginger oil has a high value in the world market. The ginger oil obtained from conventional extraction usually has low zingiberene content, possibly due to thermal degradation. To overcome this problem, an alternative ginger oil production process by enzymatic extraction using cow rumen enzymes is investigated. The aim of the research is to obtain the optimum conditions for zingiberene-rich ginger oil extraction by using immobile isolated cow rumen enzyme. The experiments were conducted under varying temperatures (40–60oC), enzyme-substrate ratios (0.05–0.2) and extraction times (1–5 days). The microwave assisted distillation was conducted for 90 minute to separate the ginger oil from its mixture. The zingiberene content in the oil was measured by GC analysis. The most influential factor in the enzymatic extraction of ginger oil was determined by experimental design 23. Analysis of the results shows that for the extraction with a rumen ratio of 1:5 at 60oC, the most influential factor was the extraction time, in this case 5 days, and ginger oil was obtained with zingiberene contents of 21.56% and 26.28% at pH 5 and pH 4 respectively. Prolonging the extraction time to 6 days with pH 5 caused a decrease in zingiberene content to 20.76%."

"Relaxation is one of many mechanisms for coping with stress. One of the most widely used methods for relaxation is aromatherapy with the application of essential oils. Known for their therapeutic benefits, essential oils can be extracted from various Indonesian native herbs such as lemongrass (sereh wangi or Cymbopogon winterianus), cananga or ylangylang (kenanga or Canarium odoratum), and patchouli (nilam or Pogostemon cabin). This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a mixture of Indonesian essential oil made of lemongrass, cananga, and patchouli extracts. Experiment was conducted by asking a number of subjects to inhale the oil mixture and assessing its effectiveness in terms of psychological relaxation by using visual analog scale or VAS) and of physical relaxation by examining the subjects? blood pressure or mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse frequency, and breathing frequency. The result was then compared with that of lavender oil and with the control group. The study was conducted on 60 healthy women through single-blind clinical trials (before and after) using the ?intent to treat? approach, followed by a startle test. Participants were divided into three groups: (1) 20 participants who were treated with Indonesian essential oil mixture, (2) 20 participants who were treated with lavender oil, and (3) 20 participants who served as the control group. Psychological relaxation measurement showed that Indonesian essential oil mixture produced the same degree of effectiveness as lavender oil and the control groups did, although both treatments tended to produce better results than the control group did. However, physical relaxation measurement showed that Indonesian essential oil mixture produced a higher degree of effectiveness than lavender oil and tended to produce a better result than the control group did, especially in terms of blood pressure based on MAP scores.

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Efektifitas Campuran Minyak Esensial Indonesia: Sereh Wangi, Kenanga, dan Nilam terhadap Relaksasi secara Inhalasi ?Suatu Uji Klinis pada Wanita Sehat yang Memiliki Risiko Stress?. Relaksasi merupakan salah satu mekanisme coping yang digunakan untuk menghadapi stress. Salah satu metode relaksasi yang banyak dipakai adalah aromaterapi dengan menggunakan minyak esensial. Minyak esensial yang berasal dari tanaman Indonesia yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk relaksasi adalah sereh wangi, kenanga dan nilam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektifitas campuran minyak esensial Indonesia yang terdiri dari sereh wangi, kenanga dan nilam yang diberikan secara inhalasi terhadap relaksasi secara psikologis dengan pengukuran visual analog scale (VAS) dan fisik dengan pengukuran tekanan darah atau mean arterial pressure, frekuensi nadi, dan frekuensi nafas serta dibandingkan dengan minyak lavender dan kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan uji klinis tersamar tunggal, before and after, dengan perlakuan intent to treat yang dilanjutkan dengan tes kejut pada 60 wanita sehat yang terdiri dari 20 subyek kelompok campuran minyak esensial Indonesia, 20 subyek kelompok lavender, dan 20 subyek kontrol. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan hasil bahwa campuran minyak esensial Indonesia memiliki efektifitas relaksasi secara psikologis yang sama dengan minyak lavender dan kontrol tetapi memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sedangkan secara fisik campuran minyak esensial Indonesia memiliki efektifitas relaksasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan lavender dan kecenderungan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol terutama pada parameter tekanan darah atau MAP."

"ABSTRAKMikroenkapsulasi merupakan suatu teknik untuk mengubah bentuk cairan menjadi padatan dengan cara membungkus cairan tersebut dalam suatu bahan penyalut. Minyak nilam merupakan suatu produk aromaterapi yang bersifat sangat mudah menguap pada suhu kamar, sehingga mikroenkapsulasi dapat menjadi suatu pertimbangan agar aplikasinya menjadi lebih praktis, memudahkan dalam penanganannya, dan dapat melindunginya dari pengaruh lingkungan yang merugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan mengkarakterisasi mikrokapsul minyak nilam. Pada penelitian ini, mikrokapsul minyak nilam dibuat dengan metode koaservasi sederhana dan kompleks. Koaservasi sederhana menggunakan gelatin sebagai bahan penyalut dengan variasi rasio antara minyak nilam dan gelatin. Koaservasi kompleks menggunakan bahan penyalut gelatin dan gum akasia dengan dua kelompok variasi, yaitu rasio antara gelatin dan gum akasia serta rasio antara minyak nilam dan bahan penyalut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koaservasi kompleks merupakan metode yang lebih baik untuk enkapsulasi minyak nilam karena menghasilkan nilai efisiensi penjerapan yang lebih tinggi. Mikroenkapsulasi secara koaservasi kompleks dengan perbandingan gelatin dan gum akasia 1:1 menghasilkan efisiensi penjerapan tertinggi, yaitu 18,79% pada perbandingan bahan inti dan penyalut 1:1. Mikroenkapsulasi dapat mengubah minyak nilam menjadi suatu sediaan padat yang diharapkan dapat menjadi bentuk alternatif pengembangan produk aromaterapi.

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ABSTRACTMicroencapsulation is a technique to convert liquids into solid forms by wrapping it into a coating material. Patchouli oil is an aromatherapy product thats highly volatile and will evaporate if left in the open air, so it considered to be encapsulate into a coating material. Thus, the application of patchouli oil as aromatherapy becomes more practical, easier to handle, and can protect them from adverse environmental effects. The purpose of this study were prepared and characterized of patchouli oil microcapsules. In this study, patchouli oil microcapsules were prepared by simple and complex coacervation methods. Simple coacervation was carried out using gelatin as a coating material with variations of the ratio between patchouli oil and gelatin. Complex coacervation was carried out using gelatin and gum acacia as coating materials with two group variations of the ratio gelatin/gum acasia and the ratio patchouli oil/coating materials. The result revealed that complex coacervation was the better method for encapsulation of patchouli oil because it produced the higher encapsulation efficiency than simple coacervation method. Microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation in gelatin/gum acasia ratio 1:1 and patchouli oil/coating materials ratio 1:1 showed the highest encapsulation efficiency was 18.79%. Microencapsulation can be used to convert patchouli oil into solid forms and it might be considered to produce an alternative form of aromatherapy product."

"Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is one of the important crop species in Indonesia, since over 80% of patchouli oil global market is produced in Indonesia. Pacthouli oil is the key ingredients for fragrance and aromatherapy products. Patchouli oil is extracted from the stems and leaves of pathouli plants. Therefore, it is important to improve Patchouli plant productivity and increase resources for sustainable patchouli cultivation. The suitability of abiotic factors in the growing environment of crops remarkably determines the success of crop production. This study aimed to assess and evaluate land suitability for plant growth and development of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in Dilem Wilis, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency, Indonesia. Initially, a survey was conducted and then an analysis was done to classify the land suitability for crops cultivation. The research was conducted on 3 locations from May to July 2017 for land suitability and from July to November 2017 for Patchouli crops cultivation experiment. The results indicated that Location 1 had a land suitability of N class, implying that this location was not suitable due to its limiting factor of low IGO content (0.08 me/100 g). Meanwhile, both Location 2 and Location 3 showed similar land suitability class of S3s, tc, f, n signifying as less appropriate. The results of this study also indicated the influence of land suitability classes on plant growth however, the different classification (in this case S3 compared to N) did not demonstrate a correlation between land classes and oil yield and Patchouli alcohol, where the element Potassium was the limiting factor"

"Salah satu reaksi inflamasi yang ditimbulkan Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang masuk ke dalam alveoli adalah sekresi lendir yang berlebihan pada saluran napas. Penanganan dalam menurunkan produksi sputum pada pasien TBC dapat diberikan secara non farmakologi sebagai terapi pelengkap atau disebut juga terapi komplementer yaitu penggunaan minyak essensial untuk aromaterapi adalah Eucalyptus (minyak kayu putih). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek aromaterapi Eucalyptus dalam menurunkan produksi sputum pada pasien paru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan quasi eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design dengan jumlah 20 sampel dengan teknik non probability sampling dengan metode consecutive sampling. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji t-dependen yang bertujuan mengetahui adanya pengaruh intervensi aromaterapi Eucalyptus sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi untuk menurunkan produksi sputum pada pasien tuberkulosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan signifikan jumlah produksi sputum antara sebelum intervensi, sesudah intervensi hari pertama, kedua dan ketiga dengan nilai p value 0,000. Perawat dapat memberikan aromatherapy Eucalyptus untuk menurunkan produksi sputum pada pasien TBC

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Residency nursing practices conducted at Persahabatan hospitals with respiration specificity are expected to address respiratory problems. In addition, during the residency process, they must have the ability to apply interventions based on evidence base nursing, expected to be able to become a Clinical Care Manager (CCM) who serves as a nursing consultant for nursing staff and a provider of nursing therapy to patients in order to provide nursing care to improve the quality or quality of nursing care. In providing care in cases of patients with drug-dropping pulmonary TB and 30 resume cases using Henderson's theory 14 basic human needs that demonstrate the role of nurses as nursing care providers in helping individuals both in health and sickness, through their efforts to carry out various activities to support the health and healing of individuals or the process of dying peacefully. The nursing problem that arises a lot is about the need for normal breathing. Application of EBN aromatherapy Eucalyptus in pulmonary TB patients who experience excessive sputum production due to inflammatory processes. Implementation of a booklet innovation project to prevent recurrence in COPD patients. Community service carried outis education about pulmonary TB treatment management to increase knowledge and compliance of patients and families to prevent drug dropouts. The results of the analysis of nursing residency practice found that nursing care using Henderson's theoretical approach aims to help as soon as possible the independence of patients. The application of Eucalyptus aromatherapy can reduce sputum production of sputum production in pulmonary TB patients. The self management: written action plan booklet innovation project can improve the self-management of COPD patien"

"Kondisi pandemi covid-19 menyebabkan berbagai macam krisis kesehatan baik fisik maupun mental. Sejatinya kondisi cemas wajar dirasakan pada ibu hamil setelah menginjak trimester 3, namun kondisi pandemi yang terjadi di Indonesia menyebabkan tambahan beban psikologis bagi ibu hamil sehingga memunculkan tren kecemasan yang meningkat selama kehamilan. Klien ibu hamil berusia 32 tahun dengan usia kehamilan 38 minggu dan bersuku Betawi memiliki masalah kecemasan akibat kekhawatiran persalinan pada kondisi pandemi. Pemberian intervensi masase effleurage dan minyak aromaterapi lavender diharapkan dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Intervensi dilakukan dengan frekuensi satu kali sehari selama 3 hari dan durasi 10 menit. Hasilnya didapatkan penurunan tingkat kecemasan dibuktikan dengan skor Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale menjadi 25, serta peningkatan kualitas tidur dengan skor Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index menjadi 5. Penerapan implementasi masase effleurage dan aromaterapi lavender efektif mengatasi kecemasan pada ibu hamil, sehingga direkomendasikan untuk menerapkan intervensi tersebut pada ibu hamil khususnya di trimester ketiga.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various kinds of health crises, both physical and mental. In fact, it is normal for pregnant women to feel anxious after stepping on the 3rd trimester, but the pandemic conditions that occurred in Indonesia caused an additional psychological burden for pregnant women, resulting in an increasing trend of anxiety during pregnancy. The client, a 32-year-old pregnant woman with 38 weeks of gestation and ethnicity Betawi, has anxiety problems due to concerns about childbirth during a pandemic. The intervention of massage effleurage and lavender aromatherapy oil is expected to reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women. The intervention was carried out with a frequency of once a day for 3 days and a duration of 10 minutes. The results showed a decrease in anxiety levels as evidenced by the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale score to 25, as well as an increase in sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score to 5. The implementation of effleurage massage and lavender aromatherapy was effective in overcoming anxiety in pregnant women, so it is recommended to apply these interventions to pregnant women, especially in the third trimester."

"Relaksasi merupakan salah satu mekanisme coping yang digunakan untuk menghadapi stress. Salah satu metode relaksasi yang banyak dipakai adalah aromaterapi dengan menggunakan minyak esensial. Minyak esensial yang berasal dari tanaman Indonesia yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk relaksasi adalah sereh wangi, kenanga dan nilam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektifitas campuran minyak esensial Indonesia yang terdiri dari sereh wangi, kenanga dan nilam yang diberikan secara inhalasi terhadap relaksasi secara psikologis dengan pengukuran Visual Analog Scale (VAS) dan fisik dengan pengukuran tekanan darah (MAP), frekuensi nadi, dan frekuensi nafas serta dibandingkan dengan minyak lavender dan kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan uji klinis tersamar tunggal, before and after, dengan perlakuan intent to treat yang dilanjutkan dengan tes kejut pada 60 wanita sehat yang terdiri dari 20 subyek kelompok campuran minyak esensial Indonesia, 20 subyek kelompok lavender, dan 20 subyek kontrol. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan hasil bahwa campuran minyak esensial Indonesia memiliki efektifitas relaksasi secara psikologis yang sama dengan minyak lavender dan kontrol tetapi memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sedangkan secara fisik campuran minyak esensial Indonesia memiliki efektifitas relaksasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan lavender dan kecenderungan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol terutama pada parameter tekanan darah (MAP).

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Relaxation is one of the coping mechanisms used to deal with stress. One method that is widely used for relaxation is aromatherapy using essential oils. The essential oil from Indonesian plants that can be used for relaxation is sereh wangi, kenanga and nilam.

This study aims to look at the effectiveness of Indonesian essential oils blend consists of sereh wangi, kenanga and nilam that are administered by inhalation to the psychological relaxation measurements of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and physical measurements of blood pressure (MAP), pulse rate, and breathing rate and compared with lavender oil and control.

The study was conducted with the design of a single-blind clinical trials, before and after, with treatment intent to treat followed by startle test on 60 healthy women consists of 20 subjects group of Indonesian essential oils, 20 subjects group of lavender oil, and 20 subjects group of control.

This study showed that an Indonesian essensial oil blend has the effectiveness of psychological relaxation similar to lavender oil and control but have a tendency better than the controls. While the physical measurenment showed that Indonesian essential oil blend has better effectiveness on relaxation than lavender oil and has tendency better than the controls, especially on the parameters of blood pressure (MAP)."

"Kehamilan merupakan proses alami yang terjadi pada wanita. Selama kehamilan ibu akan mengeluh ketidaknyamanan, seperti mual dan muntah. Mual biasanya terjadi pagi hari, tetapi dapat pula timbul setiap saat dan malam hari. Gejala ini kurang lebih terjadi setelah 6 minggu dari hari pertama haid terkahir dan berlangsung selama kurang lebih 10 minggu. Apabila mual dan muntah terus berlanjut akan berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan ibu dan janin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini memberikan analisis asuhan keperawatan pada ibu hamil dengan masalah mual dan muntah. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan untuk mengatasi mual dan muntah adalah pemberian aromaterapi inhalasi lemon. Pemberian aromaterapi inhalasi lemon dilakukan selama 3 hari. Hasil eveluasi yang didapatkan adanya penurunan skor 12 menjadi skor 3 yaitu dalam 12 jam mual yang dirasakan ibu terjadi paling lama 1 jam dan ibu tidak mengalami muntah lagi, yang diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner Rhodes Index Nausea, Vomitting, and Retching (INVR). Oleh karena itu, karya tulis ini menganjurkan adanya pemberian aromaterapi inhalasi lemon pada ibu hamil untuk mengurangi mual dan muntah. Keterbatasan intervensi pemberian aromaterpi inhalasi lemon baru diterapkan pada satu pasien.

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Pregnancy is a natural process that occurs in women. During pregnancy the mother will complain of discomfort, such as nausea and vomiting. Nausea usually occurs in the morning, but can also occur at any time of the night. These symptoms occur more or less after 6 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period and last for approximately 10 weeks. If nausea and vomiting continue to have a negative impact on the health of the mother and fetus. The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of nursing care in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. One of the nursing interventions to treat nausea and vomiting is lemon inhalation aromatherapy. Lemon inhalation aromatherapy was administered for 3 days. The results of the evaluation obtained from a decrease in the score of 12 to a score of 3, namely in 12 hours felt by the mother which occurred at the longest 1 hour and the mother did not experience vomiting anymore, as measured using the Rhodes Index Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (INVR) questionnaire. Therefore, this paper recommends the provision of lemon inhalation aromatherapy for pregnant women to reduce nausea and vomiting. The limitations of the lemon inhalation aromatherapy intervention were only applied to one patient."