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"Kurkumin merupakan senyawa fenolik terbukti memiliki berbagai  efek farmakologi, akan tetapi jarang diformulasikan dalam sediaan oral karena memiliki kelarutan yang rendah dalam air. Untuk meningkatkan kecepatan kelarutan kurkumin dalam air, kurkumin diformulasikan menjadi dispersi padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tablet kunyah dispersi padat kurkumin-polivinilpirolidon dengan pemanis ekstrak stevia. Dispersi padat kurkumin dibuat menggunakan polivinikpirolidon K-30 dengan perbandingan 1:10. Dispersi padat kurkumin yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi meliputi: uji kandungan lembab, uji kandungan obat, uji gugus fungsi dan uji disolusi. Selanjutnya, dispersi padat kurkumin polivinilpirolidon K-30 tersebut dicetak menjadi tablet kunyah dengan metode kempa langsung dalam tiga formula, yaitu  Formula A (Avicel PH 102 10%), Formula B (Avicel PH 102 15%) dan Formula C (Avicel PH 102 20%). Tablet kunyah dispersi padat kurkumin yang peroleh dievaluasi yang mencakup kekerasan, keregasan, keseragaman kandungan dan disolusi tablet. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh tablet formula C merupakan formula terbaik dengan kandungan tertinggi pada uji disolusi (99,3%) dalam 60 menit, dilanjutkan dengan kekerasan dan kekerasan yang memenuhi persyaratan berturut-turut yaitu 8,07 Kp dan 0,37%. Oleh karenanya,  dapat disimpulkan bahwa Formula C dengan kandungan Avicel PH 102 20% b/b merupakan formula terbaik untuk tablet kunyah kurkumin.

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Curcumin is a phenolic compound shown to have various pharmacological effects, but is rarely formulated in oral dosage form because it has low solubility in water. To enhance the solubility rate of curcumin in water, curcumin is formulated into a solid dispersion. This reasearch aimed to obtain chewable tablets of curcumin-polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersion with stevia extract sweetener. A solid dispersion of curcumin was prepared using polyvinilpyrrolidone K-30 in a ratio of 1:10. The solid dispersion of curcumin obtained was characterized including: moisture content, drug content, functional group and dissolution profile. Furthermore, the solid dispersion of curcumin-polyvinipyrrolidone K-30 was prepared into chewable tablets by direct compession method in three formulas, which were Formula A (Avicel PH 102 10%), Formula B (Avicel PH 102 15%) and Formula C (Avicel PH 102 20%). The obtained chewable tablets of the curcumin solid dispersion were evaluated in terms of hardness, friability, content uniformity and dissolution. Based on the results, the best formula was Formula C with the highest curcumin release (99.3%) in 60 minutes, as well as the acceptable hardness and friability of 8.07 Kp and 0.3%, respectively.  Therefore, it can be concluded that formula C that containing Avicel PH 102 20%w/w is the best formula for the curcumin chewable tablet."

"ABSTRAKKetoprofen merupakan obat yang termasuk ke dalam BiopharmaceuticalClassification System kelas dua dengan kelarutan yang rendah dan permeabilitasyang tinggi, sehingga disolusi menjadi lambat yang akan mempengaruhi absorpsiobat. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan laju disolusi ketoprofen denganformulasi tablet melalui pembentukan dispersi padat menggunakan polivinil pirolidon(PVP) dan Polietilenglikol (PEG).Dispersi padat dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:1. Peningkatan laju disolusi padamasing-masing hasil dispersi padat ketoprofen- PVP 1:1 sebesar 1,287 kali,ketoprofen-PEG 1:1 sebesar 1,089 kali dari ketoprofen standar. Formulasi tabletdengan dispersi padat dapat meningkatkan laju disolusi sebesar 1,478 kali padaketoprofen-PVP dan 1,551 kali pada ketoprofen-PEG.

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ABSTRACTKetoprofen is a drug classified into Biopharmaceutical Classification System classtwo with low solubility and high permeability. For such reason dissolution becomelower which affected drugs absorbtion. This research aims to increase dissolution rateof ketoprofen through solid dispertion using polivinil pirolidon (PVP) andPolietilenglikol (PEG), formulation solid dispertion applied tablet productionsubsequently.Solid dispertion was made with (1:1) comparison. Dissolution rate enchanchmenteach solid dispertion ketoprofen-PVP result (1:1) increase 1,287 times, andketoprofen-PEG result (1:1) increase 1,089 times from standart ketoprofen. Tabletformulation with solid dispertion can increase dissolution rate 1,487 times inketoprofen-PVP and 1,551 times in ketoprofen-PEG."

"Kanker ovarium merupakan kanker ginekologi tersering kedua, setelah kanker serviks dan juga merupakan salah satu jenis kanker dengan angka insidensi tertinggi pada wanita Indonesia. Cisplatin adalah salah satu jenis kemoterapi yang sering digunakan dalam terapi kanker ovarium. Cisplatin bekerja dengan memproduksi oksidatif stress untuk melawan sel kanker, akan tetapi mekanisme ini berpotensi untuk membahayakan tubuh, seperti menyebabkan toksisitas pada organ seperti hati dan ginjal, maupun toksisitas sistemik. Untuk mengurangi efek samping dari cisplatin, curcumin dapat ditambahkan. Curcumin juga dapat meningkatkan efek anti kanker cisplatin, akan tetapi bioavailabilitas curcumin masih cukup rendah. Oleh karena itu, kelompok penelitian kami mengembangkan curcumin dalam bentuk nano partikel, atau Nanocurcumin dengan ukuran 11,5 nm, yang sudah terbukti meningkatkan bioavailabilitas kurkurmin dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian in vivo pada tikus Wistar betina. Penelitian ini mengobservasi efek anti kanker kemoterapi terhadap stress oksidatif yang dihasilkan oleh efek samping pengobatan kemoterapi dengan melihat konsentrasi SOD, GSH dan MDA dari sampel darah yang diambil dari vena di ekor tikus. Hasil yang diperoleh peneliti adalah tidak signifikan secara statistik, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa bahwa curcumin dan nanocurcumin tidak memodulasi SOD, GSH dan MDA pada terapi kanker ovariaum yang mendapat terapi cisplatin.

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Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer, and is also one of cancer that has the highest incidence level in Indonesian women. One of the main chemotherapy that is used to treat ovarian cancer therapy is cisplatin. Cisplatin works by generating oxidative stress to fight the cancer, however this would act as double edged knife. While generating oxidative stress is good for the therapeutic purpose, it would cause harm to the body, such as causing organ toxicity and systemic toxicity. To reduce the side effect of cisplatin, curcumin can be used. Curcumin also has an anti-cancer effect that can enhance the therapeutic effect of cisplatin. However, curcumin has a low bioavailability. To overcome this, our research group developed a nanosized curcumin, called Nanocurcumin, with the size of 11,5 nm, it has been proven to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in the body. This research is in an in vivo experiment on female Wistar rats. This research will observe the effect of anticancer co-chemotherapy on oxidative stress, by looking into GSH, SOD and MDA concentration from blood samples that were collected from the vein of the rat's tail. Results obtained for GSH, SOD and MDA were statistically insignificant (p>0,05). In conclusion, curcumin and nanocurcumin don't modulate GSH, SOD and MDA in ovarian cancer model in rats treated with cisplatin."

"Glimepirid merupakan obat yang praktis tidak larut dalam air. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan laju larut dan laju disolusi glimepirid dalam air dengan cara-cara tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan laju larut glimepiride menggunakan sistem dispersi padat dengan eksipien koproses polivinil pirolidon PVP , maltodekstrin MD , dan polietilen glikol PEG . Pada penelitian ini, dibuat tujuh jenis eksipien koproses PVP-MD-PEG dengan tujuh perbandingan berbeda yaitu 1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 2:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:1:2, dan 1:2:2. Ketujuh eksipien koproses tersebut dilakukan karakterisasi meliputi analisis gugus fungsi, morfologi partikel, distribusi ukuran partikel, kadar air, derajat keasaman, dan laju alir. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pembentukan dispersi padat dengan perbandingan 1:2 antara glimepirid dan eksipien koproses. Hasil dispersi padat yang diperoleh dievaluasi meliputi penampilan fisik, morfologi partikel, analisis gugus fungsi, analisis termal, uji difraksi sinar-X dan uji disolusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksipien PVP-MD-PEG 2:1:1 memiliki laju alir dan kadar air yang paling baik dibanding eksipien lainnya sementara dispersi padat yang menggunakan eksipien koproses 2:1:1 memiliki puncak endotermik 186,26oC, entalpi leburan 63,65 J/g, tinggi puncak difraksi sinar-X 4921,57 dan peningkatan laju disolusi 4,02 kali lebih besar pada menit ke 120 dibanding glimepirid murni dan memiliki laju disolusi tertinggi diantara dispersi padat lainnya.

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Glimepiride is a third generation sulfonylurea drug used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus that practically insoluble in water. Its solubility needs to be increased by some methods which one of the methods is solid dispersion. The main objective of this study was to increase glimepiride rsquo s dissolution rate using solid dispersion method with coprocessed excipient of polyvinylpyrrolidon PVP , maltodextrin MD and polyethylene glycol PEG . In this study, seven kinds of the coprocessed excipients of PVP MD PEG were prepared in the ratio of 1 1 1, 1 1 2, 1 2 1, 2 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 1 2, and 1 2 2. Furthermore, the coprocessed excipients of PVP MD PEG were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size distribution, moisture content, pH, and flow rate. Moreover, the coprocessed excipients were used in solid dispersion with the ratio 1 2 for glimepiride and coprocessed excipient. Solid dispersions were characterized by dissolution rate test, x ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that coprocessed excipient with the ratio of 2 1 1 revealed good flow properties and water content. In conclusion, the solid dispersion with coprocessed excipient with the ration of 2 1 1 has endothermic peak 186.26oC, fused enthalpy 63,65J g, x ray diffraction peak 4921.57 and has the best dissolution rate on minute 120 increased by 4.02 times faster than pure glimepiride."

"[Kurkumin merupakan pigmen berwarna jingga kekuningan yang dapat mengalami dekomposisi struktur apabila terkena cahaya. Hal ini menyebabkan senyawa kurkumin menjadi tidak aktif. Salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan kestabilan kurkumin ini adalah dengan penyalutan lapis tipis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat mikropartikel ekstrak kunyit dengan hidroksipropil metilselulosa (HPMC) menggunakan fluidized bed. Proses penyalutan dilakukan pada ekstrak kunyit 35 mesh (F2) dan 60 mesh (F3) dengan penyalut hidroksipropil metilselulosa (HPMC) 0,5%. Hasil SEM menunjukkan permukaan halus dan glossy pada formula F2 dan F3. Mikropartikel ekstrak kunyit diuji stabilitasnya di bawah pengaruh suhu; sinar matahari; sinar UV 254 nm; dan sinar lampu. Pada formula F2 diperoleh perubahan kadar berturut-turut sebesar 0,09%; 1,62%; 0,09%; dan 0,15%. Pada formula F3 diperoleh perubahan kadar berturut-turut sebesar 4,88%; 9,35%; 3,32%; dan 3,84%. Proses penyalutan ekstrak kunyit dengan hidroksipropil metilselulosa menggunakan fluidized bed belum memberikan hasil yang optimal secara fisik serta penyalutan ekstrak kunyit dengan hidroksipropil metilselulosa dapat meningkatkan kestabilan dari pengaruh suhu dan cahaya.

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Curcumin is yellow-orange pigment. The structure of curcumin can be decomposed when exposed to light, which causes the compound of curcumin becomes inactive. To maintain the stability, curcumin has performed thin film coating. This research was intended to produce microparticles of turmeric extract coated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose by fluidized bed. The coating process is performed on curcumin extract 35 mesh (F2) and 60 mesh (F3) with 0,5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer. SEM results showed that formulation F2 and F3 have smooth surface and glossy. Microparticle of curcumin extract has been exposed at certain temperature condition, sunlight, UV 254 nm light, and light. F2 formulation is obtained change of assay consencutively by 0,09%; 1,62%; 0,09%; and 0,15%. F3 formulation is obtained change of assay consencutively by 4,88%; 9,35%; 3,32%; and 3,84%. Coating process of curcumin extract with hydroxyprophyl methylcellulose by fluidized bed, not provide optimal physically results yet. Coating of turmeric extract with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose could increases the stability of curcumin that affected by temperature and light exposure., Curcumin is yellow-orange pigment. The structure of curcumin can be

decomposed when exposed to light, which causes the compound of curcumin

becomes inactive. To maintain the stability, curcumin has performed thin film

coating. This research was intended to produce microparticles of turmeric extract

coated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose by fluidized bed. The coating process is

performed on curcumin extract 35 mesh (F2) and 60 mesh (F3) with 0,5%

hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer. SEM results showed that

formulation F2 and F3 have smooth surface and glossy. Microparticle of curcumin

extract has been exposed at certain temperature condition, sunlight, UV 254 nm

light, and light. F2 formulation is obtained change of assay consencutively by

0,09%; 1,62%; 0,09%; and 0,15%. F3 formulation is obtained change of assay

consencutively by 4,88%; 9,35%; 3,32%; and 3,84%. Coating process of

curcumin extract with hydroxyprophyl methylcellulose by fluidized bed, not

provide optimal physically results yet. Coating of turmeric extract with

hydroxypropyl methylcellulose could increases the stability of curcumin that

affected by temperature and light exposure.]"

"Pendahuluan: Ekstrak temulawak telah dilaporkan memiliki efek inhibisi dan eradikasi in vitro terhadap C. albicans. Setiap obat dalam pengembangannya harus melalui uji standar stabilitas biologis, fisika, dan kimia. Salah satu uji kestabilan biologis obat adalah pengujian kontaminasi mikroba pada obat selama 4 minggu Tujuan: Mengetahui kestabilan biologis obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak menggunakan TPC untuk menghitung, menganalisis dan membandingkan perubahan jumlah koloni dengan satuan Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Metode: Obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak temulawak disimpan dalam 3 suhu (suhu rendah 4±2oC; suhu ruangan 28±2oC; dan suhu tinggi 40±2oC). Obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak diencerkan dengan serial dilution dan ditumbuhkan pada medium nonselektif Plate Count Agar (PCA) dengan metode Spread Plate. Pada setiap sampel pengujian dilakukan duplo. Media yang telah dikultur dengan obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak kemudian yang telah ditumbuhkan, diinkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. Perhitungan koloni pada setiap agar dilakukan secara manual, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam rumus penghitungan koloni sehingga didapatkan satuan CFU/mL. Pengujian baseline dan Pengulangan uji kontaminasi dilakukan setiap 2 minggu selama 1 bulan. Hasil: Pada minggu kedua tidak terdapat kontaminasi mikroba pada obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak. Sedangkan pada minggu keempat, terlihat koloni sebanyak 5x10 CFU/mL yang terbentuk pada media dengan kultur obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak pada suhu tinggi (40±2oC). Kesimpulan: Temperatur penyimpanan mempengaruhi kestabilan biologis obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak. Pada penelitian ini, sediaan obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak tetap stabil bebas kontaminasi mikroba setelah penyimpanan selama 4 minggu pada suhu rendah dan suhu ruang. Sedangkan pada penyimpanan selama 4 minggu pada suhu tinggi, terjadi kontaminasi minimal.

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Introduction: Curcuma extract has been reported to have effect on inhibition and eradication in vitro of C. albicans. Every drug during its development must pass biological, physical and chemical stability. One of the biological stability tests of drugs is testing for microbial contamination of drugs in 4 weeks.

Objective: To know the biological stability of oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract drugs using TPC to count, analyze and compare changes in the number of colonies with Colony Forming Units (CFU).

Methods: Oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract is stored at 3 temperatures (low temperature 4 ± 2oC; room temperature 28 ± 2oC; and high temperature 40 ± 2oC). Oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract is diluted with serial dilution and plated on nonselective medium Plate Count Agar (PCA) using the spread plate method. Duplo testing was carried out for each sample. Medium that has been cultured with oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract then incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Colony counting for each agar is done manually, then entered into the colony counting formula to obtain CFU/mL units. Baseline test and repeated contamination tests were carried out every 2 weeks for 1 month.

Results: In the second week, there is no microbial contamination in oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract. Then, in the fourth week, it can be count 5x10 CFU/mL that formed on medium that has been cultured with oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract which stored in high temperature (40±2oC).

Conclusion: Storage temperature affects the biological stability of oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract. In this research, oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract remained stable and free of microbial contamination after 4 weeks of storage at low and room temperature. Meanwhile in storage for 4 weeks at high temperature, there was minimal contamination."

"In deep periodontal lesions, scaling and root planning (SRP) failed to complete elimination of periodontal bacteria, so chemical antimicrobial agents are used topically to destroy microorganism. Povidon-iodin 10% is one of antimicrobial agents that can be applied topically anddirectly in the pocket. The aim of the research were evaluated the efficacy of povidon-iodin l0% as chemical antimicrobial agents locally applied into periodontal pocket. The data are obtained from patients with chronic adult periodontitis baseline periodontal pocket depth (PPD) are 5-7 mm. The teeth are scaled and root planed after clinical examinations ( plaque index, papilla bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth ) and test sites or control sites are assisned randomly. Topically application of povidon-iodin 10% at test sites and aquabides at control sites is applied at day 1st and day 7th. The clinical parameters are assessed at day 14th. The results of the research showed that application of povidon-iodin l0% afer SRP provide statistically significant more favorable papilla bleeding index reduction than SRP + aquabides after 14 days. The pocket depth reduction at testsites are greater than control sites ( baseline PPD=6 and 7 mm). The conclusions of the research showed that application subgingival povidon-iodin 10% as adjunctive to SRP significantly reducePBI and PPD ( 6 & 7 mm ) than without application povidon-iodin 10%."

"

Kurkumin adalah metabolit sekunder hasil isolasi dari tanaman Curcuma longa Linn. Kurkumin memiliki manfaat sebagai antikanker, antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antiproliferatif, antibakteri, antivirus, pewarna alami, dan bumbu masakan. Namun, manfaat yang dimiliki oleh kurkumin, khususnya dalam bidang medis tidak dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal karena keterbatasan yang dimilikinya. Kurkumin memiliki sifat fisikokimia yang buruk, yaitu kelarutan yang buruk dalam air, stabilitas yang buruk, dan bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Pembentukan kompleks inklusi suatu senyawa dengan siklodekstrin dan turunannya mampu memperbaiki sifat fisika dan kimia dari senyawa yang akan diinklusi tersebut. Berdasarkan literatur, pembentukan kompleks inklusi kurkumin dengan siklodekstrin dan turunannya mampu meningkatkan kelarutan, stabilitas, dan bioavailabilitas dari kurkumin. Skripsi ini merupakan artikel review berisi tentang kompleks inklusi kurkumin dengan siklodekstrin dan turunannya dalam berbagai metode pembuatan, serta karakterisasi kompleks yang pernah dilakukan oleh para peneliti.

 

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Curcumin is a secondary metabolite isolated from the Curcuma longa Linn. Curcumin has properties as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antiviral, natural coloring, and cooking spices. However, the properties possessed by curcumin cannot be utilized optimally because of its limitations. Curcumin has poor physicochemical properties, such as poor solubility in water, poor stability, and low bioavailability. The formation of this inclusion complex of a compound with cyclodextrin and its derivatives can improve the physical and chemical properties of the inclusion compound. Based on the literature, the structure of curcumin inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin and their derivatives can increase solubility, stability, and bioavailability of curcumin. This review article contains the complex of curcumin with cyclodextrins and their derivatives in various manufacturing methods, as well as complex characterizations that researchers have carried out.

 

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"Temulawak dan temu mangga merupakan tanaman obat yang sering digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Kedua tanaman ini sudah diteliti dan berpotensi sebagai penghambat aktivitas radikal bebas. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan standarisasi simplisia terhadap Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga), meliputi beberapa parameter yaitu kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tak larut asam,kadar sari terlarut air, kadar sari terlarut etanol, pola kromatogram, kadar kurkuminoid. Simplisia yang sudah diuji berbagai parameter ini dikombinasikan menjadi sediaan teh herbal dalam berbagai perbandingan (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 dan 0:10) dan dilakukan uji penghambatan aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan standard kuersetin sebagai pembanding. Seduhan teh dari Rimpang Temulawak tunggal memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap radikal DPPH lebih baik daripada Rimpang Temu Mangga tunggal, dengan Nilai IC50 seduhan rimpang temulawak (356,23 μg/mL), seduhan rimpang temu mangga (403,231 μg/mL), seduhan kombinasi 7:3 (424,495 μg/mL), seduhan kombinasi 5:5 (449,493 μg/mL), dan seduhan kombinasi 3:7 (461,888 μg/mL). Aktivitas antioksidan terbaik didapatkan pada teh herbal rimpang temulawak, dengan IC50 356,23 μg/mL. Rimpang Temulawak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan yang paling baik dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 356,23 μg/ml walaupun kurang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan.

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"Temulawak" and "Temu Mangga" are a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine. Both of these plants have a potential inhibitor of free radical activity. In this research, standardization of botanicals against rhizome temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and Rhizome temu mangga (Curcuma manga)were done, includes several parameters such as moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extract levels, levels of dissolved ethanol extract, chromatogram patterns, levels of curcuminoids. Simplicia various parameters that have been tested are combined into herbal tea preparation in a variety of comparisons (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 0:10) and the inhibition test in vitro antioxidant activity using quercetin as standard comparison. Steeping tea from a single rhizome Curcuma have inhibitory activity against DPPH radicals better than any single rhizome Temu Mangga, with IC50 value steeping ginger rhizome (356.23 mg / mL), steeping rhizome Intersection mango (403.231 mg / mL), steeping a combination of 7: 3 (424.495 mg / mL), steeping a combination of 5:5 (449.493 mg / mL), and steeping a combination of 3:7 (461.888 mg / mL). Best antioxidant activity was found in herbal tea ginger rhizome, with IC50 356.23 mg / mL. Ginger rhizome has the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 356.23 ug / ml, although less potential as an antioxidant."