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"The development of a water supply system requires a high investment cost, and financial, environmental, and institutional aspects need to be considered. As major projects involving many stakeholders, drinking water supply projects become vulnerable to risks. A risk-based analysis is required to reduce the likelihood of failure in both the operational and financial aspects of such projects. This study describes the process of risk management planning for a drinking water supply system construction project in South Bali. The case study is based on the project risk management method with the value at risk to calculate the impact of risks in project investment. The purpose of this study is to obtain a financial risk model that maps potential risk factors and calculates the financial impact of risks on the project. This is used to create alternative strategies to reduce the impact of risks on investment made during the development of the project. The analysis showed that of the three priority risk factors, production capacity has the greatest influence on the net present value of the project."

"Kondisi saat ini, cakupan layanan air PDAM Kota Bekasi masih sangat rendah hanya 27 persen dari total rumah tangga. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, pemerintah Kota Bekasi saat ini mengembangkan proyek Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum. Tujuan dari pengembangan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum di Kota Bekasi untuk mendukung aktivitas berkaitan dengan edukasi, ekonomi lokal, pemerintah dan kegiatan lain yang mengarah dalam kebutuhan pelayanan air minum. Pembangunan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum membutuhkan biaya investasi yang tinggi sehingga diperlukan analisis berbasis risiko untuk mengurangi kegagalan proyek, terutama dari segi aspek finansial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Project Risk Management untuk menghitung dampak risiko terhadap investasi. Output penelitian berupa model risiko finansial yang kemudian dianalisa untuk disusun rekomendasi Risk Response Planning berupa keputusan alternatif untuk menghindari, memitigasi atau pun menerima risiko yang akan terjadi.

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The existing condition of water service coverage of the district drinking water companies (PDAMs) Bekasi Municipal is very low with only 27 percent of the total household. According to this condition, Bekasi Municipal Government is currently developing a Drinking Water Supply project. The purpose of Drinking Water Supply System Development in Bekasi Municipal is to support activities of education, local economic, government and other activities which lead to enhance need of water services. The construction of water supply system requires a high investment costs which then resulted in the need of risk-based analysis to reduce of failure in financial aspects of the project.

The study was conducted by using Project Risk Management method to calculate the impact of risks in project investment. The output of the research is a financial risk model which is then analyzed to develop a risk responses planning which provides an alternative decision whether to avoid, mitigate, or accept the risks that might occur."

"Perkembangan‌ ‌jumlah‌ ‌masyarakat/penduduk‌ ‌yang‌ ‌tidak‌ ‌diikuti‌ ‌dengan‌ ‌perkembangan‌ ‌fasilitas‌ ‌serta‌ ‌utilitas‌ ‌yang‌ ‌memadai‌ ‌tentu‌ ‌akan‌ ‌mengakibatkan‌ ‌defisit‌ ‌dalam‌ ‌pemenuhan‌ ‌kebutuhan‌ ‌masyarakat‌ ‌tersebut.‌ ‌Terdapat‌ ‌isu‌ ‌terkait‌ ‌ terbatasnya‌ ‌penawaran‌ ‌(supply)‌ ‌air‌ ‌yang‌ ‌ada‌ ‌di‌ ‌wilayah‌ ‌DKI‌ ‌Jakarta‌ ‌yang‌ ‌disebabkan‌ ‌oleh‌ ‌bertambahnya‌ ‌jumlah‌ ‌penduduk,‌ ‌terbatasnya‌ ‌supply‌ ‌air‌ ‌baku,‌ ‌tingginya‌ ‌tingkat‌ ‌pencemaran‌ ‌sebagai‌ ‌sumber‌ ‌air‌ ‌permukaan,‌ ‌eksploitasi‌ ‌air‌ ‌secara‌ ‌besar-besaran,‌ ‌dan‌ ‌berkurangnya‌ ‌daerah‌ ‌tangkapan‌ ‌air‌ ‌akibat‌ ‌menurunnya‌ ‌jumlah‌ ‌wilayah‌ ‌serapan.‌ ‌Tujuan‌ ‌ untuk‌ ‌menganalisa‌ ‌bagaimana‌ ‌kualitas‌ ‌air‌ ‌minum‌ ‌yang‌ ‌ada‌ ‌di‌ ‌Jabodetabek‌ ‌berdasarkan‌ ‌data‌ ‌sekunder‌ ‌Susenas‌ ‌(Survei‌ ‌ Sosial‌ ‌Ekonomi‌ ‌Nasional)‌ ‌dan‌ ‌keterkaitannya‌ ‌dengan‌ ‌kondisi‌ ‌sosial,‌ ‌ekonomi,‌ ‌dan‌ ‌demografi‌ ‌rumah‌ ‌tangga‌ ‌dengan‌ ‌ menggunakan‌ ‌metode‌ ‌penelitian‌ ‌kuantitatif‌ ‌analisis‌ ‌menggunakan‌ ‌regresi logistik binary. Hasil menunjukkan pada Provinsi DKI Jakarta sudah memiliki akses sumber air minum layak 90.62% dan Bodetabek sebesar 80.03%. Namun masih terdapat 9.38% rumah tangga di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan 19.97% wilayah Bodetabek rumah tangga yang tidak mendapatkan akses tersebut. Analisis regresi pada Provinsi DKI Jakarta menunjukkan faktor seperti status migrasi, pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, pengeluaran kapita, daerah lokasi rumah tinggal, keluhan terhadap penyakit, dan kepemilikan asuransi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketersediaan air minum layak. Sedangkan pada wilayah Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi menunjukkan faktor jumlah ART, status menikah, jenis kelamin KRT, pendidikan terakhir, pengeluaran kapita, status kepemilikan rumah, dan daerah rumah tangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketersediaan fisik air minum yang layak.

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The development of the number of communities / residents who are not followed by the development of facilities and adequate utilities will certainly result in a deficit in the fulfillment of the needs of the community. There are issues related to the limited supply (supply) of water in the DKI Jakarta area caused by increasing population , The limited supply of raw water, the high level of pollution as a surface source, massive water exploitation, and reduced water catchment areas due to the decline in the amount of absorption area. The purpose of analyzing how the quality of drinking water in Jabodetabek is based on Secondary Susenas data (National Socio-Economic Survey) and its relevance to household social, economic, and demographic conditions using the research method AND quantitative analysis using binary logistic regression. The results showed that in DKI Jakarta Province already had access to drinking water sources worth 90.62% and Bodetabek was 80.03%. But there are still 9.38% of households in DKI Jakarta Province and 19.97% of household bodetabek areas that do not get these access. Regression analysis in DKI Jakarta Province showed factors such as migration status, household head education, capita expenditure, residential location area, complaints against disease, and insurance ownership significantly influence the availability of decent drinking water. Whereas the Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi regions show factor number of ART, married status, KRT gender, last education, capita expenditure, home ownership status, and household regions have a significant effect on the physical availability of decent drinking water."

"Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat diiringi dengan pembangunan infrastruktur pendukung pariwisata yang tidak terkontrol di daerah Bali Selatan berakibat pada persediaan air bersih yang kian menipis. Melihat kondisi tersebut, Pemerintah Provinsi Bali saat ini mengembangkan proyek pembangunan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) dengan cakupan wilayah Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, Tabanan, dan Klungkung. Proyek pembangunan SPAM ini membutuhkan biaya investasi yang sangat tinggi sehingga perlu adanya analisis berbasis risiko untuk mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya kegagalan proyek baik dalam aspek operasional maupun pendanaan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Project Risk Management dengan pendekatan Value at Risk (VaR) untuk menghitung dampak risiko terhadap investasi. Output penelitian ini berupa model risiko finansial yang kemudian dianalisis untuk menyusun rekomendasi rencana penanganan risiko yaitu berupa keputusan untuk mencegah, mitigasi, atau menerima risiko yang mungkin akan terjadi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga faktor risiko yang menjadi prioritas, risiko fluktuasi nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap U.S. Dollar memiliki pengaruh yang paling besar terhadap nilai arus kas bersih proyek.

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Rapid population growth aligned with the uncontrolled development of tourism facilities leads South Bali to the depletion of clean water supply. According to this condition, Bali Provincial Government is currently developing a drinking water supply project that will cover area of Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, Tabanan, and Klungkung. The construction of water supply system requires a high investment costs which then resulted in the need of risk-based analysis to reduce the likelihood of failure in both the operational and financial aspects of the project. The study was conducted by using Project Risk Management method with Value at Risk approach to calculate the impact of risks in project investment. The output of the research is a financial risk model which is then analyzed to develop a risk responses planning which provides an alternative decision whether to avoid, mitigate, or accept the risks that might occur. The analysis showed that of the three prority risk factors, exchange rate has the greatest influence on the net present value of the project."

"Laporan Praktik Keinsinyuran ini membahas review atau tinjauan terhadap studi kelayakan pengembangan sistem penyediaan air minum (SPAM) di zona 2 Kota Tangerang. Pembahasan difokuskan pada aspek teknis, investasi, dan sosial dan lingkungan. Metodologi yang digunakan berbasis pada pendekatan critical review analysis yang terdiri atas studi literatur, diskusi/brainstorming, survei, dan analisis. Review studi kelayakan dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh acuan yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan teknis dan non-teknis terhadap lelang pekerjaan pengembangan SPAM di zona 2 Kota Tangerang yang dilakukan oleh Perumda Tirta Benteng. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa perlu dilakukan pemutakhiran data aspek teknis dan aspek sosial dan lingkungan dengan menggunakan data terkini agar menghasilkan analisis dan rekomendasi studi kelayakan yang lebih tepat.

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This report discusses a review of the feasibility study for the development of a drinking water supply system (SPAM) in zone 2 of the Tangerang city. The discussion focused on technical, investment, and social and environmental aspects. The methodology used is based on a critical review analysis approach consisting of literature studies, discussion/brainstorming, surveys, and analysis. The review of the feasibility study is intended to obtain a reference that can be used to assess the technical and non-technical feasibility of the tender for the SPAM development work in zone 2 of the Tangerang city which is being carried out by Perumda Tirta Benteng. The results of the review indicate that it is necessary to update data on technical aspects and social and environmental aspects using the latest data in order to produce more appropriate analyzes and recommendations for feasibility studies."

"ABSTRAKPertumbuhan penduduk dan perkotaan Kota Tangerang Selatan yang cukup tinggi menyebabkan kebutuhan akan air juga menjadi tinggi. Mayoritas masyarakat merasakan pengurangan debit air akibat tingginya ketergantungan pada air tanah permukaan dan baru 5-9% masyarakat yang mendapat akses air bersih dari PDAM/SPAM. Ancaman defisit air akan terus meningkat, mengingat keberadaan air tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim, tutupan lahan, dan aktivitas manusia. Riset ini menganalisis tingkat risiko ketersediaan air di Tangerang Selatan. Riset ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif, melalui observasi, wawancara, dan survei di masyarakat. Hasil riset menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan defisit air sejak tahun baseline 1981-2014 dan meningkat pada tahun proyeksi 2015-2045 diikuti dengan peningkatan tingkat bahaya di sebagian wilayah Tangerang Selatan. 3,7% kelurahan diproyeksi mengalami risiko defisit air esktrim tinggi. Sejumlah rencana aksi adaptasi dan mitigasi diusulkan untuk menghadapi dan mengantisipasi ancaman risiko defisit air yang lebih parah di masa mendatang.

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ABSTRACTThe high population and urban growth in South Tangerang City has caused the high demand for water. The majority of inhabitants have felt the decrease of water flow due to high dependency on surface groundwater as only 5-9% of the inhabitants have access to water supplied by PDAM/SPAM. The threat of water deficit will continue to increase considering that the groundwater supply is highly influenced by climate variability, land cover change and human activities. This research aims to analyse the risk level of water supply in South Tangerang. The research uses quantitative and qualitative methods carried out through observation, interviews and community survey. Research results show that an increase in water deficit has been in place since baseline years 1981-2014 and increasing at the projection years 2015-2045, which will be followed by increasing hazard level in several areas of South Tangerang. As many as 3,7% of wards are projected to be exposed to extremely high risk of water deficit in the future. A number of adaptation and mitigation actions are put forward facing and anticipating the worsened water deficit threat in the future."

"The potential of surface water supply in Cicatih-Cimandiri watershed is apparent as river flows along the year and catered from abundant spring waters. This potential water resources e used for various uses of deomestic, industry municipal, and agriculture. Increasing water requirements in the area in the last decade, with growing bottled water industries , water supply needs to be calculated more accurately. To determine river flow discharge, an AWLR (automatic water level recorder) was installed at one of the tributory, Cibojong, based on scoring analysis, there are two parameters (density of drainage network and maximum stream order) that have significant influence to surface water supply. Results of analysis indicated that proportions of the two parameters contributing to river discharge were balanced. To optimize water allocation, irrigation scheduling schemes was exercised to support existing rice field practices. Beside that, total water supply for 15 sub-districts in Cicatih-Cimandiri watershed ranges from 69.637 MCM to 336.177 MCM in dry season and ranges about double in west season. Total irrigated rice area in the 15 sub-districts was about 15.093 ha (BPS Survey , 2007) therefore the potential water supply would be sufficient to support three rice planting seasons."

"Air merupakan kebutuhan esensial kedua yang paling banyak dibutuhkan manusia setelah oksigen. Namun, penggunaan air kian meningkat enam kali lipat selama 100 tahun terakhir dan akan terus tumbuh sekitar 1% per tahun sejak 1980-an. Dengan begitu, sumber daya air semakin dieksploitasi untuk memenuhi permintaan yang terus meningkat. Pada saat kebutuhan air yang terus meningkat, BMKG menginformasikan bahwa wilayah Jawa Barat berpotensi mengalami kemarau panjang yang disertai El Nino. Kemarau panjang itu sendiri dapat menyebabkan krisis air. Kabupaten Majalengka Kabupaten Majalengka menjadi salah satu wilayah yang memiliki riwayat kemarau panjang yang mengakibatkan krisis air. Sebagai salah satu sumber air di Kabupaten Majalengka, maka perlu dilakukan analisis ketersediaan air terhadap DAS Cilutung. Analisis ketersediaan air menggunakan persamaan Meijerink (1994), dimana persamaan ini menghitung air yang meresap ke dalam tanah dengan memanfaatkan data iklim, karakteristik fisik, dan luas wilayah.

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Water is the second most essential need for humans after oxygen. However, water use has increased sixfold over the past 100 years and has continued to grow at around 1% per year since the 1980s. That way, water resources are increasingly being exploited to meet the ever-increasing demand. At a time when the need for water continues to increase, the BMKG informed the public that the West Java region has the potential to experience a long dry season accompanied by El Nino. The long drought itself can cause a water crisis. Majalengka Regency Majalengka Regency is one of the areas that has a long history of drought, which has resulted in a water crisis. As one of the water sources in Majalengka Regency, it is necessary to analyze the water availability of the Cilutung Watershed. Analysis of water availability uses the Meijerink equation (1994), where this equation calculates the amount of water that seeps into the ground by utilizing climate data, physical characteristics, and area."

"River basin development is seen as a very effective means of improving agricultural productivity. In the Chad basin area of the Sahelian Zone, the water resources have been harnessed to ensure viable agricultural programs for Nigeria. However, the resultant successes have met by many problems that range from physical to socio-economic and of which water losses have been the most threatening. The study has called for the use of Hexadeconal film on the water surface of the Chad as a means of reducing evaporation."